外研必修3Module 3M3P4 Grammar.ppt

,P4 Grammar,The Violence of Nature,M3,Objectives,1. To learn the past perfect passive 2. To learn indirect speech,Past Perfect Passive,Grammar 1,By the time it ended, more than 700 people had been killed and 2700 had been injured. 2. Coghlan travelled back to Canadaafter he had been buried in Texas! 3. By the end of last month, the work had been finished.,4. The boy was reminded that his homework had not been handed in. 5. The work was done earlier than it had been planned. 6. As soon as their homework had been assigned, they started to do it. 7. They left after the door had been locked.,1. By the time the tornado ended, more than 700 people _ and 2700_ . 2. Coghlan travelled back to Canada after he _ in Texas. 3. By the end of last month, the work _. 4. The boy was reminded that his homework _.,had been killed,had been buried,had been finished,had not been handed in,had been injured,go,Ready?,5. The work was done earlier than it _. 6. As soon as their homework _ _, they started to do it. 7. They left after the door _.,had been planned,had been,assigned,had been locked,1. 他到學(xué)校的時(shí)候，第一節(jié)課已經(jīng)上完了。 By the time he got to the school, the first period _. 2. 老師進(jìn)來(lái)之前教室已經(jīng)打掃干凈了。 The classroom _ before the teacher came. 3. 這個(gè)建筑我六歲就建好了。 The building _ when I was 6.,had been finished,had been cleaned,Practice,had been built,4. 截止颶風(fēng)結(jié)束多少房子被毀了？ How many buildings _ when the hurricane ended? 5. 會(huì)前已經(jīng)討論了新計(jì)劃嗎？ _ the new plan _ before the meeting? 6. 他們說(shuō)生產(chǎn)成本已經(jīng)降低。 They said the production costs _.,had been destroyed,Had been discussed,had been reduced,now,past,future,過(guò)去完成時(shí),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作，即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。,過(guò)去完成時(shí),過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)構(gòu)成： 肯定式：had done 否定式：hadnt done 疑問(wèn)式：Had+主+done? 簡(jiǎn)略回答：Yes, 主+had. No, 主+hadnt. 縮寫(xiě)形式：Id, hed, wed, theyd.,過(guò)去完成時(shí)常用句型： 主語(yǔ)過(guò)去完成時(shí)when引導(dǎo)的從句（從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為過(guò)去式） Tom was surprised that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party. 主語(yǔ)過(guò)去完成時(shí) by 短語(yǔ) We had learned four thousand new words by the end of last year.,主語(yǔ)過(guò)去完成時(shí) by the time引導(dǎo)的從句（從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為過(guò)去式） He had already built his own lab by the time he was ten. 主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去完成時(shí)+before引導(dǎo)的從句（從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為過(guò)去式） He had studied English for five years before he came here.,It was+時(shí)間+since+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去完成時(shí) (從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，表示動(dòng)作持續(xù)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了；動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞，表示動(dòng)作已結(jié)束多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了。) It was ten years since the Whites had lived in the village Hardly/ No sooner/ Scarcely had 主語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞when/ than/ before一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 No sooner had we been seated than the bus started.,過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有以下三種形式： (1)肯定結(jié)構(gòu)： 主語(yǔ)had been done其他成分 (2)否定結(jié)構(gòu)： 主語(yǔ)had not been done其他成分 (3)疑問(wèn)句結(jié)構(gòu)： had主語(yǔ)been done其他成分 疑問(wèn)詞had主語(yǔ)been done其他 成分,過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)常用于以下情況：,By the time he got to the school, the first period had been finished. The classroom hadnt been cleaned before the teacher came. How many buildings had been destroyed when the hurricane ended?,(1)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作, 常與by, before等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。,(2)在 told, said, knew, heard, thought等動(dòng)詞之后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，若表示過(guò)去某一被動(dòng)動(dòng)作時(shí)，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。,They said the production costs had been reduced. The boy was reminded that his homework had not been handed in. The media reported more than 1,000 people had been killed in the earthquake.,(3)根據(jù)語(yǔ)意可以判斷出動(dòng)作先后的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。,As the assignment had been done, he went on to search the Internet. He did what he had been told to.,1. The police found that the house_ and a lot of things_. A. has broken into; has been stolen B. had broken into; had been stolen C. has been broken into; stolen D. had been broken into; stolen 6. It was the third time that he of the changes of the meeting. A. had informed B. had been informed C. has informed D. has been informed,3. He collected information on 1,000 people, whose IQ when they were ten years old. A. is tested B. had been tested C. would test D. has tested 4. The nine coal miners _ in the coal mine for 20 hours before we came to their rescue in Yanshan County, Jiangxi Province. A. had trapped B. had been trapping C. would have been trapped D. had been trapped,Indirect speech,Grammar 2,1. He said that he was still working because there was a lot to do. 2. He said that eleven thousand people lived there and six thousand had left. 3. He asked if this meant that the danger was over. 4. He said that they couldnt go back to their houses.,5. The reporter asked when people would be able to return home. 6. My father asked me if I had finished reading that novel. 7. He said that half the residents had left the island the week before. 8. He told me not to be late the next day.,1. He said that he _ still working because there _ a lot to do. 2. He said that eleven thousand people _ there and six thousand _. 3. He asked _this meant that the danger _ over. 4. He said that they _ go back to their houses.,was,was,lived,had left,if,was,couldnt,go,Ready?,5. The reporter asked when people _ able to return home. 6. My father asked me if I _ reading that novel. 7. He said that half the residents _ the island the week before. 8. He told me _late the next day.,would be,had finished,had left,not to be,1. Jack said to me, “You look worried today.” Jack told me that _ worried _. A. he looked today B. you look today C. we looked that day D. I looked that day,單選,2. We said to her, “Theyre walking through the street now.” We told her that _ through the street _. A. we were walking then B. you are walking now C .they were walking then D. they walking now,3. Mr Black said, “I have walked a long way this week.” Mr Black said that _ a long way _. A. I had walked last week B. he had walked that week C. I walked last week D. he has walked this week,4. The man thought, “I shall take it back tomorrow.” The man thought that _ take it back _. A. I shall tomorrow B. I shall the next day C. he should tomorrow D. he would the next day,5. They said to us, “Are you afraid to leave this house?” They asked us _ afraid to leave _ house. A. that were we this B. that we were that C. if were we this D. if we were that,6. Jane said, “What did he hear about a week ago?” Jane asked _ about _. A. that he heard a week ago B. what he had heard a week before C. what he had heard a week ago D. if he heard a week ago,7. She asked, “Whose house will he break into next time?” She asked whose house _ break into _. A. will he next time B. would he the next time C. he would the next time D. he will next time,8. Jack said to her, “Where do you spend your holidays?” Jack asked her where _ holidays. A. she spent her B. you spend your C. she spend her D. you spent your,9. Black asked me, “Why havent you left here yet?” Black asked me why _ yet. A. I hadnt left there B. I havent left here C. hadnt I left there D. havent I left here,10. The teacher asked her, “Does the sun rise in the east ?” The teacher asked her _ the sun _ in the east. A. ifrise B. ifrises C. whetherrose D. whether did rise,Differences,direct speech,indirect speech,To report what exactly has been said,The words usually appear in quotation marks,To report what has been said without using the exact words,No quotation marks,Whatre the differences between direct speech and indirect speech?,引語(yǔ)的概念,直接引述別人的原話，叫_;,直接引語(yǔ),用自己的話把別人的話陳述出來(lái)，叫 _。,間接引語(yǔ),直接引語(yǔ)通常都用_括起來(lái)，,引號(hào)“ ”,間接引語(yǔ)在多數(shù)情況下都構(gòu)成一個(gè) _。,賓語(yǔ)從句,How to change direct speech into indirect speech?,a. Change what has been said to an object clause or an infinitive phrase; b. Change personal pronouns; c. Change tenses; d. Change adverbials of time and place; e. Other cases.,a. Change what has been said to an object clause or an infinitive phrase,The teacher said, “The earth goes round the sun.” The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.,The official said, “Get ready before lunch.” The official ordered us to get ready before lunch.,He said, “I like it very much.” He said that he liked it very much.,He said to me, “Ive left my book in your room. He told me that he had left his book in my room.,b. Change personal pronouns:,I said to her, “I have done my best.”,I told her that I had done my best.,Past Continuous Tense,Past Perfect Tense,Past Perfect Tense,Past Future Tense,Past Perfect Tense,Past Perfect Con-tinuous,Simple Past Tense,c. The changes of the tenses,“Im making coffee for you all,” she said. She said she was making coffee for us all.,“I have seen her before,” said he. He said he had seen her before.,He said, “I have been doing it for hours.” He said he had been doing it for hours.,“I saw her last Monday,” he said. He said he had seen her the previous Monday.,He said, “I lost a key here yesterday.” He said that he had lost a key there the day before/the previous day.,“I read the book here a week ago,” Jane said to him. Jane told him that she had read the book there a week before.,d. Change adverbials of time and place,e. Other cases,She said, “Ill come here again tonight.”,She said she would go there again that night.,He said, “I want this.”,He said that he wanted that.,May said to Tom, “Ill bring some photos here to you tomorrow.”,May told Tom she would take some photos there to him the next day.,由直接引語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ), 下列情況 時(shí)態(tài)不變:,1. 不變的真理 The teacher said to the students, “Water freezes when the temperature falls below 0.” The teacher told the students that water freezes when the temperature falls below 0.,2. 經(jīng)常的習(xí)慣 He said to the doctor, “I smoke two packs every day.” He told the doctor that he smokes two packs every day.,3. 歷史事件 The teacher said, “World War II ended in 1945.” The teacher said that World War II ended in 1945. 4. 部分情態(tài)動(dòng)詞, 如must, ought to, used to, had better等： She said to me, “You must hurry up.” She said that I must hurry up.,轉(zhuǎn)述他人的陳述陳述句, She asked me what I was doing.,He said, “Im going to Beijing.”, He said that he was going to Beijing.,He asked, “Are you a teacher?”, He asked me if /whether I was a teacher.,She said, “What are you doing?”,2. 轉(zhuǎn)述他人的疑問(wèn)一般疑問(wèn)句,3. 轉(zhuǎn)述他人的問(wèn)題特殊疑問(wèn)句,解題步驟:,1. 陳述句:,“I dont like computers,” Sarah said to her friends.,Sarah said to her friends,that,I dont like,computers.,told,didnt,she,Sarah told her friends that she didnt like computers.,Tom said (that) there wasnt any trouble and that he was waiting for his change.,Tom said, “There isnt any trouble and Im waiting for my change (零錢(qián)).”,注意: 當(dāng)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的賓語(yǔ)從句并 列時(shí), 僅能省略第一個(gè)that, 其余的不能 省略。,2. 一般疑問(wèn)句: Is it easy to improve the condition of the soil? (They asked him),They asked him,if,It is easy to improve the condition of the soil.,it is easy to improve the condition of the soil.,asked,is,was,They asked him if it was easy to improve the condition of the soil.,3. 特殊疑問(wèn)句： When do you harvest the wheat? (They asked him),They asked him,when,you harvest the wheat,you harvest the wheat.,he,harvested,They asked him when he harvested the wheat.,harvested,根據(jù)句型及句意將下列直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)?間接引語(yǔ)，每空一詞。 1. Alice said, “Ive just got a letter from my father.” Alice said that _ _ just got a letter from _ father. 2. Jane asked Dick, “Have you finished writing the report?” Jane asked Dick _ _ _ _ writing the report.,she had,her,whether/if he,had finished,3. “Dont grow plants in the same place year after year,” the farmer said. The farmer _ me _ _ _ plants in the same place year after year. 4. Mr. Smith said to the girl, “I will come here to see you next Sunday.” Mr. Smith _ the girl that _ _ _ there to see _ _ _ Sunday.,told not to grow,told,he would go,her,the following,Review,復(fù)習(xí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 2. 復(fù)習(xí)間接引語(yǔ),注: word 文檔 點(diǎn)擊此處鏈接,Individual activity,At the end of the meeting, it was announced that an agreement _. (2007 江蘇) A. has been reached B. had been reached C. has reached D. had reached 2. John had to have his car repaired in a garage because it _ seriously. (2007 上海春) A. damaged B. was being damaged C. had damaged D. had been damaged,實(shí)戰(zhàn)高考,3. Experiments of this kind _ in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War. (2011 北京) A. have conducted B. have been conducted C. had conducted D. had been conducted,1. He told me that a friend in need is a friend indeed. He _ _ me, “A friend in need_ a friend indeed.” 2. She asked the students to tidy the lab. “_ the lab,” she _ to the students. 3. He said that he liked the film very much. He said, “_ _ the film very much.”,根據(jù)句型及句意將下列間接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹苯右Z(yǔ)，每空一詞。,said to,is,Tidy,said,I like,4. She said that she had received a letter two days before. She said ,“_ _ a letter _ _ _ .” 5. He asked me whether I liked black t