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2013年P(guān)EP小學(xué)英語 語法總復(fù)習(xí),第一部分 基礎(chǔ)知識篇,1、字母:26個字母的大、小寫,2、語音:元音的發(fā)音,五個元音字母:a; e; i; o; u 12個單元音:長元音:/:/,/:/,/:/, /i:/,/u:/ 短元音:/ /e/ /i/ / / / /u/ /,3、詞匯:詞匯量,近反義詞,4、句子:大小寫,標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號,第二部分 語法知識篇,第一講 名詞篇,1.概念:表示事物名稱的詞,2.形式:可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞,3.可數(shù)名詞-有數(shù)量上的區(qū)別, 即單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù),4.不可數(shù)名詞-無數(shù)量上的區(qū)別, 當(dāng)作單數(shù)使用,備注: a和an常用來修飾可數(shù)名詞,意思是“一個”。 一般情況下,當(dāng)名詞或名詞短語是以元音音素 開頭時,用an表示一個;其他用a表示一個。( ),an hour,一般,(一)可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的變化規(guī)則:,6不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù): man-men; woman-women; fish-fish; sheep-sheep; child-children; foot-feet; tooth-teeth; person-people; mouse-mice; Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese deer-deer,we,them,they/them,them/their,watches,children,photos,diaries,days,feet,books,dresses,teeth,strawberries,sheep,boxes,thieves,peaches,milk,men,women,sandwiches,(二)名詞的格,(1) 有生命的東西的名詞所有格: 單數(shù)后加 s 如: Lucys ruler my fathers shirt 以s 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加 如: his friends bags 不以s 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)后加 s childrens shoes 并列名詞中,如果把 s加在最后一個名詞后,表示共 有, 如: Tom and Mikes car 湯姆和邁克共有的小汽車 要表示所有物不是共有的,應(yīng)分別在并列名詞后加s Toms and Mikes cars 湯姆和麥克各自的小汽車,(2)表示無生命東西的名詞通常用“ of 名詞”來表示所有關(guān)系:如: a picture of the classroom a map of China,第二講 冠詞篇,1.概念:置于名詞之前,對名詞起限定作用的一 種虛詞。,2.形式:不定冠詞,定冠詞,3.定冠詞的用法,4.不用冠詞的情況,(1)不定冠詞:a / an a unit / an uncle 元音開頭的可數(shù)名詞前用an : an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer /an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress/an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an hour an old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson / (2)定冠詞:the the egg the plane,2.形式:不定冠詞,定冠詞,(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物: The ruler is on the desk. (2)復(fù)述上文提到的人或物: He has a sweater. The sweater is new. (3)談話雙方都知道的人或物: The boys arent at school. (4)在序數(shù)詞前: Johns birthday is February the second. (5)用于固定詞組中: in the morning / afternoon / evening,3.定冠詞的用法,4.不用冠詞的情況,( 1)專有名詞前:China is a big country. (2)名詞前有定語: this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等: This is my baseball. (3)復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類人和事: Monkeys cant swim. They are teachers. (4)在節(jié)日,日期,月份,季節(jié)前: Today is Christmas Day. Its Sunday.,(5)一日三餐前: We have breakfast at 6:30. (6)球類 棋類運(yùn)動前: They often play football after class. He plays chess at home. *但樂器前要用定冠詞: I play the guitar very well. (7)學(xué)科名稱前:My favorite subject is music. (8)在稱呼或頭銜的名詞前:This is Mr Li. (9)固定詞組中:at noon at night by bus,第三講 代詞篇,一、人稱代詞,1、意義:誰( ),我,我們,你,你們,他,她,它,他們,2、分類:主格和賓格,3、用法:用于指代人、物或事的詞 人稱代詞的主格放在句子前面作主語 賓格放在動詞后面作賓語,代詞篇,二、物主代詞,1、意義:誰的( ),我的,我們的,你的,你們的, 他的,她的,它的,他們的,2、分類:形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞,3、用法: 用于指代物品所屬的詞 形容詞性物主代詞后需加名詞,不可單獨(dú)使用 名詞性物主代詞后不加名詞,可單獨(dú)使用,代詞篇,I we you you he she it they,me us you you him her it them,my our your your his her its their,mine ours yours yours his hers its theirs,用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1. That is not _ cat. That cat is very big, but _ is very small. ( I ) 2. The dress is _. Give it to _.( she ) 3. _ is my brother. _ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _ . ( he ) 4. I can find my pen, but wheres _? ( you ) 5. Show _ your new kite, OK? ( we ),my,mine,hers,her,He,His,his,yours,us,第四講 形容詞、副詞篇,1.概念:用來修飾人、物或事的詞,2.形式:原級、比較級、最高級,3.比較級:兩個(也可以是兩類)人或 事物相比較時,需使用形容 詞的比較級形式,4.比較級后面一般帶有單詞than。比較級前面可以用more, a little來修飾表示程度。than后的人稱代詞用主格(口語中可用賓格)。,(一)形容詞原級變比較級的變化規(guī)則:,一、寫出下列形容詞或副詞的比較級 short _ strong _ big _ small _ fat _ thin _ heavy _ light _ nice _ good _ beautiful _ low _ slow _ far _ fast _ late _ early _,shorter,stronger,bigger,smaller,fatter,thinner,heavier,lighter,nicer,better,more beautiful,lower,slower,farther/further,faster,later,earlier,二、根據(jù)句意填入單詞的正確形式。 1. My brother is two years _ (old) than me. 2. Tom is as _ (fat) as Jim. 3. Is your sister _ (young) than you? 4. Who is _ (thin), you or Helen? 5. Mary is not as _ (tall) as the other girls. 6.My eyes are _ (big) than _ (she).,older,fat,younger,thinner,taller,bigger,hers,三、翻譯句子: 1、誰比Jim年紀(jì)大? _ is _ than Jim? 2、我喜歡游泳。我所有的朋友都游得比我慢。 I like _ .All my _ are _ than me. 3、誰的鉛筆更長,他的還是她的? _ pencil is _, _ or _? 4、我母親比我父親年紀(jì)小。 My _ _ _ than my _. 5、多做運(yùn)動,你會更強(qiáng)壯。 _ more exercise, youll be _ soon.,Who older,swimming,friends slower,Whose longer,his hers,Mother is younger father,Do,stronger,(二)副詞的比較級:,1形容詞與副詞的區(qū)別 (有be用形,有形用be;有動用副,有副用動),在句子中形容詞一般處于名詞之前或be動詞之后,副詞在句子中最常見的是處于實(shí)義動詞之后,2副詞比較級的變化規(guī)則基本與形容詞比較級相同 (不規(guī)則變化:well-better, far-farther),第五講 數(shù)詞篇,1.概念:表示數(shù)目的多少或順序的多少的詞,2.形式:基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞,(1)1-20 one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen, sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen,twenty,1.基數(shù)詞:表示數(shù)目多少的數(shù)詞,(2)21-99 先說“幾十”,再說“幾”,中間加連字符。 23twenty-three,34thirty-four,45fortyfive,56fifty-six,67sixty-seven,78seventy-eight,89eighty-nine,91ninety-one,(3)101999先說“幾百”,再加and,再加末兩位數(shù)或末位數(shù); 586five hundred and eighty-six,803eight hundred and three,(4)l,000以上,先從右往左數(shù),每三位數(shù)加一個“,”,第一個“,”前為thousand.第二個“,”前為million,第三個“,”前為billion 1,001one thousand and one 18,423eighteen thousand,four hundred and twenty-three 6,260,309six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine 750,000,000,000seven hundred and fifty billion,2.序數(shù)詞:表示順序的數(shù)詞,(1)一般在基數(shù)詞后加th eg.fourfourth,thirteenthirteenth,(2)不規(guī)則變化 onefirst,twosecond,threethird, fivefifth,eighteighth,nineninth,twelvetwelfth,(3)以y結(jié)尾的十位整數(shù),變y為ie再加th twentytwentieth, fortyfortieth, ninetyninetieth,(4)從二十一后的“幾十幾”直至“幾百幾十幾”或“幾千幾百幾十幾”只將個位的基數(shù)詞變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞。 twenty-first,two hundred and forty-fifth 基數(shù)詞轉(zhuǎn)為序數(shù)詞的口訣: 基變序,有規(guī)律,詞尾加上-th. 一,二,三,特殊記,詞尾字母t,d,d. 八去t,九去e, ve要用f替。 ty將y變成i,th前面有個e. 若是碰到幾十幾,前用基來后用序。,第六講 介詞篇,1.概念:表示詞與詞,詞與句之間的關(guān)系的 虛詞,在句中不能單獨(dú)作句子成分。 2.常用介詞:in, on, at, behind等,一.at表示時間概念的某一個點(diǎn)。(在某時刻、時間、階段等)。 at 1:00(dawn,midnight,noon)在一點(diǎn)鐘(黎明、午夜、中午),二on 1)表示具體日期。 注:(1)關(guān)于“在周末“的幾種表示法: at(on)the weekend在周末-特指 at(on)weekends在周末-泛指 over the weekend在整個周末 during the weekend在周末期間 (2)在圣誕節(jié),應(yīng)說at Christmas而不說on Christmas,2)在(剛)的時候。 On reaching the city he called up his parents 一到城里他就給父母打了一個電話。,三in 1)表示“時段“、“時期“,在多數(shù)情況下可以和during互換,前者強(qiáng)調(diào)對比,后者強(qiáng)調(diào)持續(xù)。 in(during)1988(December,the 20th century)在一九八八年(十二月、二十世紀(jì),第七講 動詞篇,1.概念:表示某個動作中狀態(tài)的詞,簡單來說就是物或人在對別的東西怎么樣或自己在干什么。,2.分類: be動詞、情態(tài)動詞、助動詞、實(shí)義(行為)動詞等等。,1、be動詞:,am, is, are,注:I和am固定搭配,其他單數(shù)is復(fù)數(shù)are.,2、情態(tài)動詞:,can, may, must,注: 情態(tài)動詞后用動詞原形。 含有情態(tài)動詞的句子,變成否定句和一般 疑問句的規(guī)則和be動詞變化規(guī)則基本一致。,3、助動詞:,do, does, did,注:助動詞幫助行為動詞構(gòu)成否定句和一般疑問句。 有助動詞的句子,行為動詞需用原形。,4、實(shí)義(行為)動詞:,定義:實(shí)義動詞通常也叫做行為動詞,是專門表示動作, 狀態(tài),具有完整,實(shí)在意思的一類動詞。實(shí)義動 詞在句中可以直接,單獨(dú)構(gòu)成句子的謂語。,如:The children often read in the library. (read,動詞,表示:“看書”之意,直接構(gòu)成句子的謂語),口訣二: 句中含有情態(tài)動詞,變成否定很簡單。 情態(tài)動詞后加not,意義即否定。,口訣一: 句中含有be動詞,變成否定很簡單。 be后加not,意義即否定。,口訣三: 句中含有be動詞,變成一般疑問句有步驟。 be動詞提前;首字母大寫; 句號變問號; 讀句子用升調(diào); I和we變成you;my和our變成your。,口訣四: 句中含有情態(tài)動詞,變成一般疑問句有步驟。 情態(tài)動詞提前;首字母大寫; 句號變問號; 讀句子用升調(diào); I和we變成you;my和our變成your.,動詞及時態(tài)篇:一般現(xiàn)在時,時間,動詞,狀態(tài),一般現(xiàn)在時的功能 1.表示事物或人物的特征、狀態(tài)。 如:The sky is blue.天空是藍(lán)色的。 2.表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作。 如:I get up at six every day.我天天六點(diǎn)起床。 3.表示客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)。 如:The earth goes around the sun.地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。,一般現(xiàn)在時的構(gòu)成 be動詞: 主語 + be (am, is, are) + 其它。如: I am a boy.我是一個男孩。 2. 行為動詞: 主語 + 行為動詞( 其它)。如: We study English.我們學(xué)習(xí)英語。 注: 當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)(he, she, it)時,要在動詞后加“s”或“es” (規(guī)則同名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)相似) 如:Mary likes Chinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語。,句法,1.陳述句,(1)肯定句:是指用肯定的語氣來陳述的句子,如:Im a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital. There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening.,句法,(2)否定句:含有否定詞或表示否定意義詞的句子,如:Im not a student. She is not (isnt) a doctor. He does not (doesnt) work in a hospital. There are not (arent) four fans in our classroom. He will not (wont) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didnt) watch TV yesterday evening.,句法,2. 疑問句,一般疑問句:是指詢問事實(shí)的句子,此類句子必須用“yes”,或“no”來回答。,特殊疑問句:以特殊疑問詞(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)開頭引導(dǎo)的句子。此類句子應(yīng)該問什么就答什么,不能用“yes 、no”來回答。,含有be動詞的句式變化 肯:主語 + be + 其他。 否:主語 + be + not + 其他。 問:Be + 主語 + 其他? 答:Yes, 主語 be. / No, 主語 be not. 特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞 + be + 主語 + 其他?,I am a happy student.,I am not a happy student.,Are you a happy student?,Yes, I am. / No, Im not.,Who / What are you?,He is a teacher.,He is not a teacher.,Is he a teacher?,Yes, he is. / No, he isnt.,What is he? = What is his job?,含有行為動詞的句式變化: 肯: 主 + 行為動詞(s/es) + 其他。 否: 主 + dont / doesnt +行為動詞 + 其他。 問: Do / Does + 主 + 行為動詞 + 其他? 答: Yes, 主 do/does. / No, 主 dont/doesnt. 特殊疑問句: 特殊疑問詞 + do/does + 主 + 行為動詞 + 其他?,I go to school by bus every day.,I dont go to school by bus every day.,Do you go to school by bus every day?,Yes, I do. / No, I dont.,How do you go to school every day?,When do you go to school by bus?,What do you do every day?,He likes swimming.,He doesnt like swimming.,Does he like swimming?,Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt.,What does he like doing?,Who likes swimming?,動詞第三人稱單數(shù)變化規(guī)則:,drinks,goes,stays,makes,looks,has,passes,carries,二、用括號內(nèi)動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1. He often _(have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy _ (be) in Class One. 3. We _(not watch) TV on Mondays. 4. Nick _(not go) to the zoo on Sundays. 5. _ they _(like) the World Cup? 6. _ your parents often _ (read) books? 7. Mrs. Wu _ (teach) us English on Sundays. 8. She and I usually _(take) a walk together.,has,are,dont watch,doesnt go,Do,like,Do,read,take,teaches,Daniel doesnt watch TV every evening.,Do you do your homework every day? No, I dont.,Does she like milk? Yes, she does.,We dont go to school on Sundays.,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的功能:,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的構(gòu)成:,1、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示此時此刻正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動作。,如:My mother is cooking in the kitchen. 我媽媽正在廚房里做飯。,2、表示即將發(fā)生的動作。,如:Look!The bus is coming.看,公交車來啦。,主 + be + 動詞ing.,夾心面包/漢堡/ Be動詞不能少!,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的句式變化: 肯:主 + be + 動詞ing + (其他)。 否:主 + be + not + 動詞ing + (其他)。 問:Be + 主 + 動詞ing + (其他)? 答:Yes, 主 + be. / No, 主 + be + not. 特殊疑問句:,My mother is not reading in the bedroom.,My mother is reading in the bedroom.,Is your mother reading in the bedroom?,Yes, she is. / No, she isnt.,What is your mother doing in the bedroom?,Where is your mother reading?,Who is reading in the bedroom?,動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞(動詞后加ing)變化規(guī)則:,running,swimming,making,beginning,writing,shopping,going,skipping,putting,having,singing,dancing,seeing,living,taking,coming,getting,sitting,二、用所給的動詞的正確形式填空: 1.The boy _ (draw) a picture now. 2. Listen .Some girls _ (sing) in the classroom 3. My mother _ (cook) some nice food now. 4. What _ you _ ( do ) now? 5. Look! They _(have) an English lesson .,is drawing,are singing,is cooking,are doing,are having,Are they doing housework?,They are not doing housework.,Are the students doing their homework?,Yes, they are.,一般將來時,一般將來時的功能,如:I will play football this weekend. 我這個周末要去踢足球。,2.表示打算、計劃或預(yù)備做某事。,如:I am going to play football this weekend. 我打算這個周末踢足球。,1.表示將要發(fā)生的事情。,一般將來時的結(jié)構(gòu),主 + be going to / will + 動詞原形 + 其他。,一般將來時的句式變化 肯:主 + be going to+ 動詞原形 + 其他。 主 + will + 動詞原形 + 其他。 否:主 + be not going to t 動詞原形 + 其他。 主 + will not/wont + 動詞原形 + 其他。,I am going to play football tomorrow.,I will play football tomorrow.,I am not going to play football tomorrow.,I will not/wont play football tomorrow.,一般將來時的句式變化 問:Be + 主 + going to+ 動詞原形 + 其他。 Will + 主 + 動詞原形 + 其他? 答:Yes, 主 be. / No, 主 be not. Yes, 主 will. / No, 主 will not/wont.,Are you going to play football tomorrow?,Will you play football tomorrow?,Yes, I am. / No, Im not.,Yes, I will. / No, I wont.,一般將來時的句式變化 特殊疑問句: I am going to play football tomorrow. I will play football tomorrow. When are you going to play football? When will you play football?,I am going to play football tomorrow.,What are you going to do tomorrow?,I will play football tomorrow.,What will you do tomorrow?,am going to,will,are you going to do,am going to,Is going to weekend,is,is going to,are going to,are going to have,is going to (go),goes,is going to (go),watches,isnt going to watch,is making,一般過去時,一般過去時的功能,如:I played football last weekend. 上周末我去踢足球了。,2.表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作。,如:I was very fat five years ago. 五年前我非常胖。,1.表示過去某個時間存在的狀態(tài)。,一般過去時的結(jié)構(gòu),主 + 動詞過去式( ) + 其他。,be動詞、行為動詞、情態(tài)動詞,一般過去時的句式變化: 肯:主 + be(was/were) + 其他。 否:主 + be (was/were) + not 其他。 問:Be (was/were) + 主 + 其他 ? 答:Yes, 主 + be. / No, 主 + be + not. 特殊疑問句:,I was not/wasnt very fat five years ago.,I was very fat five years ago.,Were you very fat five years ago?,Yes, I was. / No, I wasnt.,When were you very fat?,How were you five years ago?,一般過去時的句式變化: 肯:主 + 動詞過去式 + 其他。 否:主 + didnt + 動詞原形 + 其他。 問:Did + 主 + 動詞原形 + 其他? 答:Yes, 主 + did. / No, 主 + didnt. 特殊疑問句:,I didnt play football last weekend.,I played football last weekend.,Did you play football last weekend?,Yes, she did. / No, she didnt.,When did you play football?,What did you do last weekend?,動詞過去式變化規(guī)則:,常用不規(guī)則動詞過去式: am、is- , are- , do- , see- , say- , give- , get- , go- , come- , have- , eat- , take- , run- , sing- , put- , make- , read- , write- , draw- , drink- , swim- , sit- , ride- , hit-,was,were,did,saw,said,gave,got,went,came,had,ate,took,ran,sang,put,made,read,wrote,drew,drank,swam
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