2018_2019學(xué)年高中英語Module1BritishandAmericanEnglishSectionⅣLanguagePointsⅡ.docx

Section Language Points （Gultural Corner & Other Parts）Choose the best answer according to the text.1What is the text mainly about? AWebster and his best sellers.BBritish and American English.CThe history of American English.DThe man who made spelling simple.2Which is the RIGHT order according to the text? Webster graduated from Yale University.American Dictionary of the English language came out.Websters book was selling one million copies a year.Webster took part in the American War of Independence.AB C D3What can we learn from the text?AAll the spelling of words does not represent the sound.BThe Elementary Spelling Book was published in the 1850s.CWebsters suggestions were accepted completely.DWebsters dictionary is the best all over the world.4What attitude do the British have towards Websters dictionary?AThey thought highly of it.BThey didnt like it.CThey argued bitterly about it.DThey followed the examples of it.答案：14DCAB.單詞拼寫1The prisoner attempted (嘗試) an escape, but failed.2The sword was presented (贈送) by the family to the museum.3The government has been criticised (批評) by the public for not dealing with the incident in time.4After I gave my standard (標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的) answer, he kept on asking.5Its going to rain today by the look (樣子) of it.6During the festival and celebration, you can appreciate the music and dance with distinctive (與眾不同的) features.根據(jù)漢語意思及詞性寫出下列單詞1rapidly adv.迅速地rapid adj.迅速的2announcement n宣布announce vt.宣布3edition n(廣播、電視節(jié)目的)期；版edit vt.編輯editor n編輯4add vt.加；增加addition n增加；增加物5simplify vt.簡化simple adj.簡單的6combination n組合；結(jié)合combine vt.使結(jié)合；使聯(lián)合7reference n參考；查閱refer vt.參考巧記單詞詞根詞形變化構(gòu)詞點撥 announceannouncement動詞加ment構(gòu)成名詞 editedition動詞加(t)ion構(gòu)成名詞 .根據(jù)漢語意思補(bǔ)全短語1in favour of同意；支持2refer to . as . 稱為3thanks to 幸虧，多虧4get on well with sb./sth. 與某人相處得好/某事進(jìn)展得順利5get used to sth. 習(xí)慣于某事6a couple of 兩三個；幾個7wear off 消失8graduate from 畢業(yè)于1教材原句Im getting on just fine, now that I understand the local accent.由于我懂得了當(dāng)?shù)卣Z言，所以一切進(jìn)展順利。句型點撥now that“既然”，引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。佳句賞析既然你已經(jīng)完成作業(yè)了，你可以去打籃球了。Now that you have finished your homework, you can go to play basketball.2. 教材原句In English the spelling of words does not always represent the sound.在英語中，單詞的拼寫并不總是體現(xiàn)其發(fā)音。句型點撥not與always連用表示部分否定。佳句賞析他的言行并非總是一致。His deeds do not always agree with his words.3. 教材原句By the 1850s it was selling one million copies a year, making it one of the most popular school books ever.到19世紀(jì)50年代，每年售出一百萬冊，這使它成為最受歡迎的校園圖書之一。句型點撥現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語。佳句賞析新建的小木屋沿街排成一行，將這個古老的小鎮(zhèn)變成了一個夢幻之地。Newlybuilt wooden cottages line the street, turning the old town into a dreamland.The Man Who Made Spelling SimpleIn English the spelling of words does not always represent the sound. So people say /rait/ but spell it right or write, or even rite. Combinations of letters (like ough) may be pronounced in a number of ways. And some words just seem to have too many letters. For Americans things are a little bit easier, thanks to the work of Noah Webster, a teacher who graduated from Yale University in 1778. As a young man he had fought against the British in the American War of Independence, and he felt that written English in the newly independent United States should have a distinctive “American” look. So he began his work on American English. His first book, The Elementary Spelling Book, suggested simplifying the spelling of English words. The book was extremely popular. By the 1850s it was selling one million copies a year, making it one of the most popular school books ever. Many of the suggestions were quickly adopted. Center instead of centre, program instead of programme, and flavor instead of flavour. Others, however, such as removing silent letters like the s in island or the final e in examine, were not.Webster is best known for his American Dictionary of the English language, which first appeared in 1828. It introduced lots of new American words, with information about their pronunciation and use, and, of course, the new spelling. The British criticised the dictionary, but it quickly became a standard reference book in the States. Today, Websters dictionary is still the number one dictionary for American students.讓拼寫變得簡單的人在英語中，單詞的拼寫并不總是體現(xiàn)其發(fā)音，所以人們讀/rait/，但把它拼成right，或者write，甚至是rite。字母組合(如ough)可能有多種發(fā)音方式。一些單詞僅僅是看上去由許多字母組成。對美國人來說，事情就稍微容易些，這多虧了一位叫諾亞韋伯斯特的人的工作。他是一位教師，于1778年畢業(yè)于耶魯大學(xué)。他年輕時曾在美國獨立戰(zhàn)爭中與英國人作戰(zhàn)。他覺得在新獨立的美國，書面英語應(yīng)該有獨特的“美國”面貌。因此他開始研究美式英語。他的第一本書基礎(chǔ)拼寫手冊建議簡化英語單詞的拼寫。這本書非常受歡迎。到19世紀(jì)50年代，每年出售一百萬冊，這使它成為最受歡迎的校園用書之一。書中的很多建議很快被采納了：center替代了centre，program替代了programme，flavor替代了flavour。而另外的一些建議，如去掉像island中不發(fā)音的字母s和像examine中詞末不發(fā)音的字母e，則沒有被采納。韋伯斯特的美式英語詞典為他賺足了名聲，該詞典于1828年首次出版。它引進(jìn)了許多新的美式英語單詞，書中有它們的發(fā)音和用法，當(dāng)然，還有新的拼法。英國人批評這本詞典，但它很快成了美國的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)參考書。今天韋伯斯特的詞典仍是美國學(xué)生的首選詞典。1If Callum picked up the local accent he started to use it.(P7)如果凱勒姆學(xué)會當(dāng)?shù)乜谝簦麜_始使用它。pick up拿起；開車接(某人)；增強(qiáng)；改善；好轉(zhuǎn)；(偶然)學(xué)會；加速；接收；收聽(廣播)；買到某物(尤指廉價或運氣好)一詞多義寫出下列句中pick up的含義Its surprising that your brother picked up Russian so quickly he hasnt lived there very long. 偶然學(xué)會My radio can pick up the BBC programmes clearly.收聽Many people stood near the bus stop, nervously waiting to be picked up. 開車接某人We managed to pick up a few bargains at the auction. 買到某物(尤指廉價)She was ill for a long time but is picking up now. 好轉(zhuǎn)pick out挑選出；了解；領(lǐng)會pick on 挑選；選中；批評 That pile on the left are the ones that have been picked out for the library.左邊的那一堆是挑出來給圖書館的。The examiners can pick on any student to answer questions.主考者可挑選任何學(xué)生來回答問題。2Now add some more ideas in favour of your chosen variety.(P8)現(xiàn)在再補(bǔ)充一些觀點來支持你所選擇的種類。add vt.加；增加；補(bǔ)充“You can tell that he is extremely embarrassed，” Mr Brigden added.“你能看出他尷尬極了，”布里格登先生補(bǔ)充道。add . to .把加到里add to 增添add up 合計add up to 加起來總共是，總計為 His answer to my questions have only added_to my confusion.他對我的問題的回答只是使我更加困惑不解。His whole education added_up_to no more than one year.他所有的學(xué)校教育加起來總共不到一年。in favour of贊同；支持My sister was against my plan while my brother was in favour of it.我姐姐反對我的計劃而我哥哥贊成我的計劃。in ones favour對某人有利do sb.a favourdo a favour for sb. 幫某人一個忙ask sb.a favourask a favour of sb. 請求某人幫忙 Bob made good grades in high school, and that was in_his_favour when he looked for a job.鮑勃在中學(xué)時成績優(yōu)秀，這在找工作時對他有利。Could you do_me_a_favour/do_a_favour_for_me and pick up my son from school today?今天你能幫我個忙到學(xué)校接我的兒子嗎？聯(lián)想發(fā)散“inn.of”短語大家族in praise of 贊揚in honor of 為了紀(jì)念；為向表示敬意in defence of 為了保衛(wèi)；擁護(hù)in support of 為了支持in search of 為了尋找in face of 面對，面臨in memory of 為了紀(jì)念in charge of 負(fù)責(zé)/掌管in need of 需要in possession of 擁有in case of 假使，萬一3Present your ideas to the rest of the class.(P8)向班里其余同學(xué)陳述你的想法。present vt.陳述，提出(觀點、計劃等)；贈送n.禮物；現(xiàn)在，目前 adj.現(xiàn)在的，目前的(前置定語)；出席的，到場的(后置定語)一詞多義寫出下列句中present的詞性及含義Mrs. Gibert presented Darios mother with a book of piano music by Chopin.vt.贈送The present situation is taking a turn for the better.adj.現(xiàn)在的，目前的The audience present shouted with joy on seeing the famous star.adj.出席的，在場的These notes will remind you how to present your ideas.vt.陳述，提出I wish to give you a present to express my gratitude.n.禮物present sth. to sb.present sb. with sth.向某人展示某物at presentat the present time 目前for the present time 暫時；就目前來說 On Teachers Day they presented their teacher with flowers.在教師節(jié)他們獻(xiàn)花給老師。He seemed to be quite content with his life at present.他似乎對目前的生活心滿意足。4The Chinese refer to their language as Han, as it became popular among the people during the Han Dynasty.(P8)中國人把自己的語言稱為漢語，是因為該語言早在漢朝就在人們中流行了。refer to .as .稱為The girl always refers to the reference books as her good friends and helpers.這個女孩總是把她的參考書稱作她的好朋友和幫手。refer to 參考；涉及；指的是；適用于reference n. 提及，談到；參考；查閱in/with reference to 關(guān)于 The student referred_to just now often referred_to_this_dictionary to teach himself.剛才提到的那個學(xué)生經(jīng)常查閱詞典自學(xué)。With/In_reference_to_your_advertised_position,_I have the pleasure to say that I am the just person you are asking for.關(guān)于廣告上登的職位，我很高興地說，我就是你們要找的那個人。聯(lián)想發(fā)散表示“把看作/稱為”的短語還有regard_.as_.;_consider_.as/to_be_.;_view_.as_.;_think_of_.as_.;_recognize_.as_.等。5Can you see any similarities between Websters work and attempts to simplify Chinese? (P9)你能看到韋伯斯特的工作和試圖簡化漢語有任何相似性嗎？attempt n企圖，嘗試vt.試圖，企圖；嘗試For years researchers have attempted to show that television is dangerous to children.多年來研究人員試圖證明電視對兒童有害。(1)attempt at (doing) sth.試圖(做)某事attempt to do sth. 嘗試做某事，試圖做某事(2)make an attempt to do/at doing 試圖做某事at ones first attempt 在某人第一次嘗試時He was as proud as a peacock when he passed his driving test at_his_first_attempt.當(dāng)在第一次嘗試中通過駕駛測試時，他得意洋洋。We_made_an_attempt_to_leave_for camping, but were stopped by our teacher.我們想去野營但被我們的老師攔住了。6In English the spelling of words does not always represent the sound.(P9)在英語中，單詞的拼寫并不總是體現(xiàn)其發(fā)音。not always表示部分否定英語中一些表示“全體，完全”意義的詞(如all, every, everybody, everything, both, always等)與否定副詞never/not連用表示部分否定。Great men are not always wise.偉大的人物未必總是英明的。易混辨析部分否定全部否定 兩者both .not/not both“并非兩者都”neither“兩者都不”兩者以上all not/not all“并非所有都”every not/not every“并非每一個都”the whole .not/not the whole“并非全部都”none/not .any“沒有一個”nobody/no one“沒有人”nothing“沒有任何事物”Not_all historical buildings are attractive.并非所有的歷史建筑都是有吸引力的。He made several attempts but none_of_them_was successful.他進(jìn)行了幾次嘗試，但卻沒成功。7By the 1850s it was selling one million copies a year, making it one of the most popular school books ever. (P9)到19世紀(jì)50年代，每年出售一百萬冊，這使它成為最受歡迎的校園用書之一?，F(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語句中making it one of the most popular school books ever為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語，是由上文的原因推出的一個必然結(jié)果。此時相當(dāng)于一個由which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句：which made it one of the most popular school books ever。A number of new machines were introduced from abroad, resulting in an increase in production.大量新機(jī)器從國外引進(jìn)，導(dǎo)致了產(chǎn)量的增加。名師點津不定式也可作結(jié)果狀語，通常也用一般式，其邏輯主語一般為句子的主語，但不定式作狀語時多表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，為了表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，可在不定式前加上only。I rushed to the station, only_to_find_ the train had already gone.我匆忙趕到火車站，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)火車已經(jīng)開走了。.單句語法填空1Its necessary to use a shortwave radio to pick up the programmes.2It hasnt rained for a month, making (make) the crops hard to grow.3Now we are living in the rapidly (rapid) changing world of technology.4Fireworks added to the attraction of the festival night.5The listeners thought highly of music, which was a combination (combine) of Chinese folk music and popular music.6I hurried to the station to see my friend off, only_to_be_told (tell) she had left.7The announcement (announce) was made at a news conference.8John was presented_with_his award at a ceremony which recognized the bravery of ten people who had saved the life of another.9The library contains a large number of foreign language reference (refer) books.10As Helen got to know people better, her shyness gradually wore off_and she began to talk with others.11The foreign student could not get used to eating (eat)the strange food.12The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local government to incr