翻譯技巧詞義的選擇引伸和褒貶.ppt

1,新編英漢翻譯教程 A NEW COURSEBOOK ON ENGLISH-CHINESE TRANSLATION,第六章 翻譯技巧之 詞義的選擇、引伸和褒貶,2,Diction in translation （詞義的選擇）,Diction means the proper choice of words and phrases in the target language on the basis of accurate comprehension of the source language text.,12345, ,3,英漢兩種語言都有一詞多類、一詞多義的現(xiàn)象。一詞多類就是指一個詞往往屬于幾個詞類，具有幾個不同的意義。一詞多義就是說同一個詞在同一個詞類中，又往往有幾個不同的詞義。在英漢翻譯過程中，我們在弄清原句結(jié)構(gòu)后就要善于選擇和確定原句中關(guān)鍵詞的詞義。選擇和確定詞義通常從以下幾個方面著手：,4,總體說來，在英漢翻譯中要真正準確地理解英語詞語的意義，往往要從以下四個方面入手： （1）Distinguish the original meaning of an English word by means of its part of speech （2）Distinguish the original meaning of an English word by means of context （3）Distinguish the original meaning of an English word by means of collocation （4）Distinguish the original meaning of an English word by means of syntax (5) Distinguish the original meaning of an English word by means of field of speciality,5,1. Distinguish the original meaning of an English word by means of its part of speech Eg. Like 1) He likes mathematics more than physics. 他喜歡數(shù)學(xué)甚于喜歡物理學(xué)。（動詞） 2) In the sunbeam passing through the window there are fine grains of dust shining like gold. 在射入窗內(nèi)的陽光里，細微的塵埃象金子一般在閃閃發(fā)光。（前置詞） 3）He has so many likes and dislikes that its impossible to please him. 他好惡愛憎這么多，要討他歡心是不可能的。（名詞） 4）Like charges repel; unlike charges attract 相同的電荷相斥，不同的電荷相吸。(形容詞） 5）No one sings the blues like she did . 常布魯斯歌誰也比不上她。（連詞）,6,1) Its my right of way, so that lorry must stop or slow down until Ive passed it. 我有優(yōu)先通行權(quán)，所以那貨車必須停駛或 減慢 車速直 到我走過去為止。 2） The fault will right itself if you give it time. 只要過一些時候，這個毛病就能自行更正了。 3） Your account of what happened is not quite right. 你對于發(fā)生的事情的敘述不太正確。 4) I fell right to the bottom of the stairs. 我從樓梯上一直摔倒樓梯下面。,7,2. Distinguish the original meaning of an English word by means of context,12345, ,8,This war is becoming the most important story of his generation. 這場戰(zhàn)爭將成為這一代人的最重大的事件。 It is quite another story now. 現(xiàn)在的情況完全不同了。 Some reporters who were not included in the sessions broke the story. 有些沒有參加那次會議的記者把內(nèi)情捅出去了。 Hell be very happy if that story holds up. 如果這一說法當真，那他就太高興了。 The Rita Haywoth story is one of the saddest. 麗泰海華絲的遭遇算最慘的了。,9,A young man came to the polices office with a story. 一個年輕人來到警察辦公室報案。 The story about him became smaller and by and by faded out from the American TV. 對他的報道越來越少了，不久他就從美國電視上銷聲匿跡了。 Tell me the story of what happened to you. 告訴我發(fā)生在你身上的一切事情。 The story of the opera was printed in the program. 這曲戲的故事情節(jié)印在了節(jié)目單上。 Last December, the Post first reported that probes were being made in each of those cities, but officials refused to confirm the story. 去年12月，郵報首先報道偵察工作已在那些城市里進行，但官員們拒絕證實這條消息。,10,George passed. We passed another town before daylight. 我們在天亮前經(jīng)過了另一個鎮(zhèn)。 I used to pass the whole evening that way. 以前我總是這樣消磨整個黃昏。 Now the opportunity has passed. 現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)錯過機會了。 If I kept on reading, that feeling would pass. 如果我繼續(xù)這樣讀下去，這種感覺就會消失。 That vessel will soon be passing us. 那只船就要和我們相遇了。 We know what was passing in his mind. 我們知道他心理在想什么。,12345, ,11,3. Distinguish the original meaning of an English word by means of collocation,12,a fast car the fast growth fast music a fast journey fast color a fast film a fast oven fast asleep break ones fast by drinking some milk stick fast in the mud,速度很快的車 迅速發(fā)展 節(jié)奏快的音樂 行程緊湊的一次旅行 不易褪掉的顏色 快速感光膠卷 烤箱 熟睡的 開齋喝了點牛奶 牢牢地陷在泥巴里,13,raise fears 引起恐懼 raise vegetables 種植蔬菜 raise a family 養(yǎng)家糊口 raise the dead 使死者回生 raise a fleet 集結(jié)一支艦隊 raise a monument 樹一座豐碑 raise an embargo 解除禁運,14,4Distinguish the original meaning of an English word by means of syntax agreement 同意 an agreement 協(xié)定 people 人民 a people 民族 hostility 敵意 hostilities 戰(zhàn)爭 use 使用 uses 用途,15,work 工作 works 工廠、著作 time 時間 times 時代 letter 字母、信 letters 文學(xué) force 力量 forces 軍隊 paper 紙 papers 文件、證件,16,5. Distinguish the original meaning of an English word by means of field of speciality 同一個名詞在不同的專業(yè)中往外具有不同的詞義。 Carrier: 在日常用語中意為“搬運者” 在醫(yī)學(xué)上指“帶菌者”，或“傳播者” 在化學(xué)上指“載體” 在交通運輸上指飛機、公共汽車等“交通工具” 在機械方面指“承載器”或“托架” 在海軍中指“航空母艦” 在通信技術(shù)上指“載波” 在半導(dǎo)體技術(shù)上指“載流子”,17,II. Meaning extension (詞義的引伸),翻譯時,有時會遇到某些詞在辭典上找不到合適的詞義.這時就要根據(jù)上下文和邏輯關(guān)系,從該詞的基本含義出發(fā),進一步加以引伸,選擇恰當?shù)脑~來表達.詞義引伸時,往往從以下四個方面來考慮.,12345, ,18,1抽象詞義具體化 A sofa is a compromise between a chair and a bed. 沙發(fā)是介于椅子和床之間的東西。,19,Vietnam was his entree to the new Administration, his third incarnation as a foreign policy consultant. 越南戰(zhàn)爭成了他進入新政府的敲門磚.他擔任政府的對外政策顧問,那是第三次了. The car in front of me stalled and I missed the green. 我前頭的那輛車停住了,我錯過了綠燈.,20,2具體詞義抽象化 Every life has its roses and thorns 每個人的生活都有苦有甜。 There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of the imperialists. 帝國主義者的性格既殘暴，又狡猾。,21,See-sawing between partly good and faintly ominous ,the news for the next four weeks was never distinct. 在那以后的四個星期內(nèi)，消息時而部分有所好轉(zhuǎn)，時而又有點不妙，兩種情況不斷地交替出現(xiàn)，一直沒有明朗化。,22,3 詞義轉(zhuǎn)譯 The energy of the sun comes to the earth mainly as light and heat. 太陽能主要以光和熱的形式傳到地球 . The theory doesnt under analysis. 通過分析,這種理論不能成立 . The golden sunlight falls on the ground. 金色的陽光照在大地上.,23,4 詞的搭配 Fishes were caught not only with nets, but with baskets. 那時,魚不但用網(wǎng)捕獲,而且用筐提撈. In every Chinese city, we got into the streets, shops, parks, theatres, and restaurants. 在中國,我們每到一個城市,就逛大街,逛商店,逛公園,上劇場,下飯館.,24,III. Commendatory or Derogatory Sense of Words (詞義的褒貶） 翻譯時必須正確理解原作者的基本立場和觀點,然后是用適當?shù)恼Z言手段來加以表達.,25,1. 英語中有些詞本身就有褒貶意義，漢譯時就應(yīng)相應(yīng)地表達出來,e.g. 1)He was a man of high renown (fame). 他是位有名望的人。（褒） 2) His notoriety as a rake did not come until his death . 他作為流氓的惡名是他死后才傳開的。（貶） 3) The tasks carried out by them are praiseworthy. 他們進行的事業(yè)是值得贊揚的。（褒） 4) Henry keeps boasting that he has talked to the President. 亨利總是吹噓說他曾同總統(tǒng)談過話。（貶） 5) “He was polite and always gave advice willingly,“ she recalled. 她回憶說，“他彬彬有禮，總是誨人不倦。”（褒） 6) We were shocked by his coarse manners. 我們對他的粗暴態(tài)度感到震驚。（貶）,26,2. 英語中有些詞義是中立的，本身不表示褒義或貶義，但在一定的上下文中可能有褒貶的意味，漢譯時就應(yīng)該用具有褒貶意味的相應(yīng)的詞來表達 The enem