非謂語動(dòng)詞使用時(shí)需要注意的一些特殊情況.doc

非謂語動(dòng)詞使用時(shí)需要注意的一些特殊情況除了前表中所列的普通情況外，非謂語動(dòng)詞中還有一些很重要的特殊的注意點(diǎn)，在考試中更為常見，下面就是這些注意點(diǎn)以及上表的補(bǔ)充，請(qǐng)同學(xué)們注意掌握。1、專用doing作賓語的詞語和句式：常用doing作賓語的詞有：keep doing，enjoy doing，escape doing，excuse doing，practice doing，mind doing，miss doing，advice doing，avoid doing，admit doing，allow doing，risk doing，consider doing，give up doing，imagine doing，finish doing，tolerate doing，suggest doing。利用每個(gè)單詞的首字母，我們可以記憶為：keeep mmaaaarch gifts 另加一個(gè)詞：deny常用doing的句式有：Its no use doing Its no good doing have difficulty (in)doing have trouble(in)doing, have fun (in)doing, have problem (in)doing等 spend(in)doing waste time (in)doing feel like doing cant help doing，cant stand doing be busy doing be worth doing/ be worthy of being done=be worthy to be done stop(from)doing/prevent(from)doing go doing2、專用to do作賓語的詞語和句式：常用to do作賓語的詞有：happen to do，offer to do，promise to do，agree to do，refuse to do，decide to do，determine to do，pretend to do，learn to do，wish to do，hope to do，expect to do，afford to do，ask to do，plan to do，need to do， want to do, fail to do，ask to do，require to do，常用doing作賓語的句式有：would like to do，It takesto do, tooto, 3、專用do作賓語補(bǔ)足語的詞語和專用do的句式：makedo letdo havedo why do why not dowould rather dothan docant but dodo nothing but dohad better dowill you please do4、既能用to do作賓語又能用doing作賓語，但意義不同的詞：stop to do，stop doing forget to do, forget doing remember to do, remember doing regret to do, regret doing try to do, try doing go on to do, go on doingmean to do, mean doing 5、既能用to do作賓語又能用doing作賓語，意義大致相同的詞：hate to do/hate doing like to do/ like doing love to do/love doing continue to do/ continue doing prefer to do/prefer doing begin to do/begin doing start to do/start doing6、專用to do作賓語補(bǔ)足語的詞：permitto do, teachto do, begto do, allowto do, warnto do, encourageto do, forbidto do, getto do, forceto do, inviteto do, askto do, wantto do, orderto do, liketo do, tellto do, knowto do, persuadeto do, adviceto do, causeto do, requireto do, wishto do, wait forto do7、在makedo, letdo, seedo, hear do, watchdo, noticedo, feel do 等用do形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的結(jié)構(gòu)中，用作被動(dòng)式時(shí)，to要帶上，切記！如：I saw him go to hospital yesterday. (我昨天看見他去醫(yī)院了)。如果變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)式，則為：He was seen to go to hospital yesterday. 再如：He made me clean the room. (他讓我打掃了教室) 變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)式，則應(yīng)為：I was made to clean the room.8、注意下列的doing，do，done作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)的意義區(qū)別：seedoing seedoheardoingheardonoticedoingnoticedofeeldoingfeeldohavedoinghavedohavedonegetdoinggetto dogetdone find doing find done I saw him reading a book at this time yesterday. I often see him play basketball on the playground.I hear him speaking English.I often hear him speaking English.We notice her wearing a red dress.We notice her wear a red dress.I feel someone following me.I often feel someone laugh at me. The teacher has me standing.The teacher has me go to his office.We must have our TV repairedThe teacher gets me standing.The teacher gets me to go to his office.We must get our TV repaired.I find him watching TV.I find my wallet stolen.9、“疑問詞+to do”相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞的作用，在句中可以作主語、賓語、表語，可以代替主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句，如：How we can stop polluting is a big problem（主語從句）= How to stop polluting is a big problem.（主語）I dont know what I should say before you（賓語從句）= I dont know what to say before you. （賓語）The question is how we should start work（表語從句）= The question is how to start work. （表語）10、注意：有時(shí)候短語中的to是介詞而非動(dòng)詞不定式，在下列短語中to均為介詞：admit to, object to, pay attention to, stick to, look forward to, lead to, get/ be/become used to, be equal to, devoteto,get down to, preferto,fromto11、用doing和done作狀語時(shí)，根據(jù)需要可以在前面加上when, while, before, after, since, until, though, although, as long as, unless, as if, even though等詞。如：When asked about his family, he made no answer. Once going into the reading room, you should keep quiet.12、注意下列三句話中的定語及其意義：The meeting to be held in the office is very important. (即將在辦公室召開的會(huì)議很重要。表示將來意義)The meeting being held in the office is very important. (正在辦公室召開的會(huì)議很重要。表示現(xiàn)在意義)The meeting held in the office is very important. (以前在辦公室召開的會(huì)議很重要。表示過去意義)13、通常省略動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to的詞（也就是之后用動(dòng)詞原形的詞）有下列幾種：在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞shall，will，can，may， must，should，would，could，might之后 feel，smell，hear，listen to，make，let，have，see，watch，look at，notice，observe 可以用這種方法記憶：一感一聞二聽三讓四看14、在英語中，只有help之后的動(dòng)詞可以加to也可以不加，加與不加意義相同，如：Lets help him to finish the work = Lets help him finish the work.15、非謂語完成時(shí)的用法。它表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語的動(dòng)作之前，如：Having lived in Beijing for years, I know it very well. 16、不定式動(dòng)詞為不及物時(shí)，后面的介詞不可省略。如：They have a big room to live in. （他們有大房子?。?He has a sofa to sit on. (他有沙發(fā)坐)在非謂語一覽表中已經(jīng)提到過，此處的in，on等介詞都是不可省略的。17、主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)式的情況。be+adj+to do的結(jié)構(gòu)中，如：The question is hard to answer.（這個(gè)問題很難回答）在含有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系的不定式后置定語中,I have something to say.（我有話要說）在這兩種情況下，因?yàn)樗旧戆粍?dòng)意義因而不應(yīng)該再用被動(dòng)形式，如果寫成：The question is hard to be answered和I have something to be said就是錯(cuò)句子。want doing/need doing/require doing/be worth doing這幾個(gè)短語中同樣因?yàn)楸旧砗斜粍?dòng)意義而不再使用被動(dòng)形式，如：The chair needs repairing. 椅子需要被修理一下。 The flowers want watering. 花需要澆澆了。The room requires cleaning. 房子該被掃一下了。 The book is worth reading. 這本書值得一讀。這些短語可以用to do形式代替，但必須使用被動(dòng)式，比如以上的幾個(gè)句子分別可以變?yōu)椋篢he chair needs to be repaired. The flowers want to be watered. The room requires to be cleaned. The book is worthy to be read 18、與used to形式相關(guān)的各種形式。 used to do 表示“過去.”,其中to為動(dòng)詞不定式，所以后面所接的一定是動(dòng)詞原形do的形式，如：He used to eat junk food. 他以前經(jīng)常吃垃圾食品。 I used to be afraid of dark.我以前害怕黑暗。be used to 表示“習(xí)慣于”,其中to為介詞，所以后面所接的一定是名詞代詞或動(dòng)詞的doing的形式如：I am used to the rules. 我習(xí)慣于這種規(guī)矩了。 I am used to getting up early. 我習(xí)慣于早起了。 在該短語中，be還可以用get或become來代替，意義相同。useto do表示“用來做”,其中to為動(dòng)詞不定式，所以后面所接的一定是動(dòng)詞原形do的形式，如：We use this cup to drink water. 我們用這個(gè)杯子來喝水。usefor doing 的含義和useto do相同，也表示“用來做”,只是應(yīng)注意此處for為介詞，如：We use this cup for drinking water. 我們用這個(gè)杯子來喝水?，F(xiàn)在，我們來把