我們生活中的磷污染.ppt

1、assessment of the effect of wide utilization of detergents containing phosphorus,presented by Sun Xiaoxu No. 200800180151,assess v.評價；評估assessment n.utilize v.使用；運用utilization n.phosphorus n.磷detergent n.清潔劑 de+terg(擦)+ent water eutrophication 水體富營養(yǎng)化,content,磷與湖泊富營養(yǎng)化,磷的來源,磷污染機理,防治措施,磷污染危害,主要造成水體污染-富

2、營養(yǎng)化definitioneutrophication is defined as an increase in the rate of supply of organic matter in an ecosystem,不會造成空氣污染,磷與湖泊富營養(yǎng)化定義,磷與湖泊富營養(yǎng)化現(xiàn)狀,赤潮 red tide,磷與湖泊富營養(yǎng)化現(xiàn)狀,water eutrophication,磷與湖泊富營養(yǎng)化渤海,water eutrophication,磷與湖泊富營養(yǎng)化太湖,water bloom,磷與湖泊富營養(yǎng)化太湖,2007/07/06 江蘇無錫,磷與湖泊富營養(yǎng)化現(xiàn)狀,2007/07/06 江蘇無錫,磷與湖泊富營

3、養(yǎng)化現(xiàn)狀,2007/07/06 江蘇無錫,磷與湖泊富營養(yǎng)化 現(xiàn)狀,water eutrophication,two types of water eutrophication natural eutrophication culture eutrophication,磷與湖泊富營養(yǎng)化富營養(yǎng)化類型,natural eutrophication,磷與湖泊富營養(yǎng)化富營養(yǎng)化類型,cultural eutrophication,P N,磷與湖泊富營養(yǎng)化富營養(yǎng)化類型,source of extra P,城市生活污水 農(nóng)業(yè)、畜牧業(yè)污水 工業(yè)污水 礦區(qū)地表徑流 大氣降沉,磷的來源,生活污水,表面活性劑 洗滌劑

4、 洗滌助劑：三聚磷酸鈉,Why P？,磷的來源城市,三聚磷酸鈉,Na5P3O10 Sodium Tripolyphosphate,磷的來源城市洗滌劑,agricultural runoff,磷的來源農(nóng)業(yè)化肥,磷的來源,進入地表水體的磷污染源比例構(gòu)成(歐洲12國平均)(Morse,1993),磷的來源,The ficticious Pinga Lake in Camelot has a surface area of 9.34107m2and depth of 10 m. The lake receives a yearly average of 107cm of precipitation（n

5、.降水）. The lake receives phosphorus from the following sources.,An example to tell us the relative contributions of various sources of phosphorus,磷的來源例題,1、 the wastewater treatment plant for the city of Astrid discharges into the lake. The average usage of the city is 350L/capitaday. There are 54,000

6、 residents(n.居民) of this city. The total phosphorus level in the sewage influent (下水道系統(tǒng)) is 10mgL-1(yearly average). The wastewater treatment plant removes 90% of the phosphorus.,磷的來源例題,2、 The city has recently renovated（v.改革） its sewage collection system, seperating the storm water from the sewage,

7、 installing a combined sewer system. The storm water is discharged into the lake after treatment through a sand filter（過濾器） that removes 50% of the phosphorus. The storm sewer serves an area that is 9.5 km2, having a runoff coeffieient of 0.40. The phosphorus concentration in the untreated storm wat

8、er is 0.75mgL-1.3 、The lake is fed by a pristine stream（干凈的河流）, having an average yearly flow rate of 0.65m3s-1. the stream has an average total phosphorus concentration of 0.05mgl-1.,磷的來源例題,4 、Farmland lies to the east of the lake. It has a drainage area of 150km2. manure is applied in early spring

9、 before the crops are sown. The phosphorus loading to the land is 0.42kgkm-2year-1. the crops removes 60% of the phosphorus applied. The runoff coefficient on this land is 0.3.(the loading to the lake can be averaged throughout tht year.)5 、the phosphorus settling rate（沉淀速率） from the lake is 2.810-8

10、s-1.,磷的來源例題,calculate the total concentration in the lake. Whats the trophic state of the lake? You may assume the rate of evaporation is equal to the rate of precipitation.,磷的來源例題,Qf,Qr,Qout,Qww,Qe,磷的來源例題,Q 質(zhì)量流率M=QC,河流 Mr=0.033g/s 廢水處理廠 Mww=0.219g/s 城市雨水 Me=0.048g/s 農(nóng)場 Mf=0.000799g/s 進入湖泊的總磷量 M=0.3

11、01g/s,一年： 9.258t,磷的來源例題,一袋洗衣粉350g，每人每年平均使用四袋，洗衣粉的磷酸鹽含量為5%。仍假設污水處理廠的處理效率為90%，那么一年對該湖泊含磷量的貢獻是：,350g45%10%13.5%54000 9.34107m210m =51g/L=0.051mg/L,磷的來源例題估算,0.02mg/L 0.1mg/L,mechanism of water eutrophication,vegetative-chain theory 食物鏈理論 life-period theory 生命周期理論,磷污染機理,life-period theory,Buckets effect

12、木桶效應 一只水桶能盛多少水，并不取決于最長的那塊木板，而是取決于最短的那塊木板 Liebigs law of the minimum 植物的生長取決于外界供給他們 養(yǎng)分最少的一種或兩種。,磷污染機理生命周期理論,藻類1kg,C358g,N63g,O 496g,P9g,H74g,磷污染機理生命周期理論,N、P過量排入破壞原有的水體平衡藻類大量繁殖耗氧魚類浮游動物缺氧死亡尸體腐爛水質(zhì)污染,磷污染機理生命周期理論,vegetative-chain theory,磷污染機理食物鏈理論,危害,透明度降低 生態(tài)紊亂 亞硝酸鹽、硝酸鹽和毒素,人類的生活質(zhì)量 美學價值和經(jīng)濟價值,磷污染危害,應對策略,技術上 法律上 道德上,防治措施,沉淀法,生物控制：利用植物凈化系統(tǒng)、污水灌溉,高效綜合除水工藝,工程措施: 滲濾溝、工程換水,技術措施,防治措施技術,化學法 鋁鹽除磷 鈣法除磷 鐵鹽除磷 磷酸氨鎂（MAP）除磷物理吸附法其他方法 結(jié)晶技術 離子交換法,防治措施技術沉淀,除磷滲濾溝示意圖,防