《International Business Culture》課件-第5章 美洲商務(wù)文化與禮儀

1.U.S.InternationalBusinessCultureandEtiquettePresenter:Date：2024-08-10U.S.InternationalTradeOverviewU.S.eCommerceMarketOverviewU.S.CultureandEtiquetteDevelopmentofCross-bordereCommerceU.S.InternationalTradeOverviewU.S.InternationalTradeOverviewLocatedinthecenterofNorthAmerica,thecapitaloftheU.S.isWashington,D.C.In2023,thepopulationwasapproximately330millionwithapercapitaGDPof$82,000,makingtheU.S.ahigh-incomecountrybyWorldBankstandards.Keyindustriesincludemanufacturing,informationtechnology,agriculture,andenergy.TheU.S.governmenthasbeenpromotinglegislationandexecutiveorderstoprovidesubsidiesandsupportforcertainindustries,boostingthedevelopmentofhigh-endmanufacturingsuchassemiconductors,cleanenergy,andelectricvehicles.U.S.InternationalTradeOverview-GoodsTradeTheU.S.hasbeenamajorplayerinworldtrade.Between2019-2020,therewasaslightdeclineinimport/exporttrade,butitincreasedannuallyfrom2021-2023.In2023,thetotalimport/exporttradeofgoodswas$519.2billion,a4.50%decreasefromthepreviousyear.Exportswere$201.95billion,a2.21%decrease,whileimportswere$317.25billion,a5.91%decrease.Thetradedeficitwas$115.297billion,$15.362billionlessthanin2022.U.S.InternationalTradeOverview-GoodsTradIn2023,thetopthreeimportedgoodsgloballywerecrudeoil,passengermotorvehicles,andtelephonesandotherequipmentforsendingorreceivingsound,images,orotherdata.ThesereflecttheU.S.'srelianceonexternalresourcesanddemandforhigh-qualityconsumergoods.Thetopthreeexportedgoodswererefinedpetroleum,crudeoil,andpetroleumgasesandotherhydrocarbongases.ThesereflecttheU.S.'spositionintheglobalindustrialchainandsupplychain,aswellasitsadvantagesinenergyandmanufacturingsectors.MajorcommoditiesimportedbytheUnitedStatesfromaroundtheworldinclude:CrudeoilMotorvehiclesforthetransportofpeopleTelephones;otherequipmentforthetransmissionorreceptionofsound,images,orotherdataAutomaticdataprocessingequipmentanditspartsMedicinaldrugsPartsandaccessoriesofmotorvehiclesRefinedoilproductsVaccinesandotherimmunologicalproductsIntegratedcircuitsFreightmotorvehiclesMajorcommoditiesexportedbytheUnitedStatestotheglobalmarketinclude:RefinedoilproductsCrudeoilPetroleumgasandotherhydrocarbongasesMotorvehiclesforthetransportofpeopleIntegratedcircuitsVaccinesandotherimmunologicalproductsPartsandaccessoriesofmotorvehiclesGold(non-monetaryuse)MedicinaldrugsSoybeansU.S.InternationalTradeOverview-ServicesTradeIn2023,thetotalimport/exportofserviceswas$177.479billion,a6.73%increasefromthepreviousyear.Exportswere$102.66billion,a8.17%increase,andimportswere$74.82billion,a4.81%increase.Themainimportedserviceswerecommercialservices,travelservices,andtransportationservices;exportedservicesweremainlycommercial,travel,andfinancialservices.U.S.InternationalTradeOverview-TradingPartnersTheU.S.'smaintradingpartnersincludetheEuropeanUnion,Mexico,China,Canada,andJapan.In2023,MexicosurpassedChinatobecometheU.S.'ssecond-largesttradingpartner,withimportsfromtheEU,Mexico,andChinaaccountingfor18.7%,15.3%,and13.7%,respectively.ThetopthreeimportedgoodsfromChinaweretelephonesandotherequipmentforsendingorreceivingsound,images,orotherdata,automaticdataprocessingequipmentanditsparts,andtoys.ThetopthreeexportedgoodstoChinaweresoybeans,integratedcircuits,andpassengermotorvehicles.ThetoptencommoditiesimportedbytheUnitedStatesfromChinaare:Telephones;otherequipmentforthetransmissionorreceptionofsound,images,orotherdata.Automaticdataprocessingequipmentanditsparts.Toys.Partsandaccessoriesofmotorvehicles.Lampsandlightingfixtures.Accumulators(batteries).Seatsandtheirparts.Furnitureanditsparts.Plasticproducts.Videogamecontrollersandequipment.ThetoptencommoditiesexportedbytheUnitedStatestoChinaare:Soybeans.Integratedcircuits.Motorvehiclesforthetransportofpeople.Petroleumgasandotherhydrocarbongases.Crudeoil.Machinesandapparatusforthemanufactureofsemiconductors.Corn(maize).Turbojetenginesandothergasturbines.Vaccinesandotherimmunologicalproducts.Medicalinstrumentsandapparatus.U.S.eCommerceMarketOverview02U.S.eCommerceMarketOverviewTheU.S.istheworld'ssecond-largeste-commercemarket,anditsgrowthratehasconsistentlyremainedattheforefrontglobally.In2023,theU.S.e-commerceindustryrevenuewas$1,065.68billion,a12.9%increaseyear-over-year.By2028,e-commercesalesareexpectedtoaccountformorethanafifth(20.4%)oftotalretailsalesintheU.S.,indicatingstrongmomentumforgrowthinthemarket.U.S.eCommerceMarketOverviewTheU.S.e-commercemarketischaracterizedbya"dominantplayer"situation,withAmazontakingasignificantmarketshare.However,otherplatformssuchasWalmart,eBay,andnewe-commerceplatformslikeTemu,Shein,andTikTokShoparealsovigorouslycapturingmarketshare.Afterthepandemic,U.S.consumersgraduallyestablishedanonlineshoppinghabit,andtheproportionofonlineretailsaleshascontinuedtoincrease.Inthefirstquarterof2019,onlineretailsalesaccountedforonly10%,whileby2023,thisproportionhadrisento15.6%.Consumers'demandforvalueformoneyisgrowing,andvalueretailersareexperiencingexceptionalgrowth.Atthesametime,theriseofsocialmediaandshortvideoplatformshasalsodriventheriseofsocialcommerce,withconsumersincreasinglyobtainingshoppinginspirationandcompletingtransactionsthroughsocialmedia.DevelopmentofCross-bordereCommerce03DevelopmentofCross-bordereCommerceIn2022,themostpopularcountriesforU.S.consumerstoshopcross-borderwereChina(49%),theUnitedKingdom(12%),andJapan(7%).By2022,33%ofpeopleusedcross-bordere-commercetopurchaseclothing,and14%usedittopurchasetoysorhobbyitems.Ononehand,locale-commerceplatformslikeAmazonhaveobviousadvantagesinlogistics,delivery,andafter-salesservice.Ontheotherhand,othercross-bordere-commerceplatformsarealsoactivelycapturingmarketsharebycompetingonpriceandquality.Meanwhile,influencedbyuncertainfactorssuchastariffsandtradepolicies,thefutureofU.S.cross-bordere-commercewillcontinuetomaintainrapidgrowth,andmarketcompetitionwillbecomeevenmorefierceanddiversified.TypicaleCommercePlatformsAmazon:AmazonisthelargestonlineretailcompanyintheUnitedStates,locatedinSeattle,Washington.Foundedin1995,Amazonhasbecometheworld'slargestonlineretailerwiththemostdiverseproductselectionandaleadingpositionintheAmericane-commerceindustry.TypicaleCommercePlatformseBay:eBayisanonlineauctionandshoppingwebsitethatallowspeopleworldwidetobuyandsellitems.Ithas37independentsitesandportalscovering190countriesandregionswithnearly300millionusers.TypicaleCommercePlatformsWish:Foundedin2011,WishinitiallypushedproductadstousersbasedonpreferencealgorithmsonFacebook.In2013,ittransformedintoe-commerce。UnliketraditionalU.S.e-commerceplatforms,Wishismorelikeageneralstore,sellingavarietyofinexpensivegoods,withmanyvendorsbeingsmallandmedium-sizedbrands,focusingonpriceandvalueformoney.TypicaleCommercePlatformsOtherPlatforms:Besideslocalcross-bordere-commerceplatformsintheUnitedStates,TikTokShop,Temu,AliExpressandothere-commerceplatformsarealsopopularintheU.S.U.S.CultureandEtiquette04BusinessSocialCultureAmericancompaniestypicallyuseFacebookandTwitterforsocialinteractions,whileindividualsmainlyuseFacebook,Instagram,andTikTok.Generally,Americansenjoyconversingwithpeoplewhohaveasenseofhumor,andpopulartopicsforchattingcanincludesports,travel,food,music,movies,andbooks.MostAmericanshavetheirnamesintheorderoffirstname,middlename,andlastname.StandardworkinghoursintheU.S.arefrom8amto4:30pm,withan8-hourworkday.Peopleusuallystartworkaround8amandfinishat4:30pm,withanadditional30minutesforlunch.Sundaysaretypicallyreservedforattendingreligiousservices.BusinessSocialEtiquetteUponmeetingsomeoneforthefirsttime,itiscommontousetheirlastname,usuallyaccompaniedbytitlessuchas"Dr."(Doctor),"Ms."(Miss),"Miss"(Miss),"Mrs."(Mrs.),or"Mr."(Mr.)followedbythelastname.Ifunsureaboutawoman'smaritalstatus,"Ms."(Miss)canbeusedtoaddressher.WhenmeetingAmericans,youcantalkabouthobbies,localleisureactivities,art,entertainment,andpopularU.S.sportsteams.Itisokaytoaskaboutspousesorchildrenonceyougettoknowsomeonebetter.However,ifyouarenotveryfamiliarwiththeperson,avoiddiscussingreligion,politics,orothercontroversialtopics.Whenwishingtomaintainfurthercontact,businesscardsareexchanged.Whenreceivingsomeone'sbusinesscard,Americansoftenputitintheirwallet,andsomemenmayputtheirwalletinthebackpocketoftheirpants.BusinessSocialEtiquette030201GiftsareoftenexchangedduringtheChristmasseason(fromlateNovembertothefirstweekofJanuary).Forbusinesspartners,officedecor,spirits,orwinecanbesuitablegifts.Becarefulnottochoosegiftswithreligiousconnotations.ThereareAmericanandEuropeanstylesforusingcutlery,butmanyAmericansarequitecasualabouttheirknifeandforkusageandfollowtheleadofothers.Whenthehostoffersteaorcoffee,itmeansthedinnerisover,andguestsmayleaveatthispoint.Afteraformaldinner,guestsshouldwriteanemailorcalltothankthehostess.Businessbreakfastsarecommonandcanstartasearlyas7am.Onweekends,manypeoplehavebrunch,usuallyfrom11amto2pm.Lunchiseatenlessoften,anddinneristhemostimportantmealoftheday,oftenstartingfrom5pmto8pm.GesturesandTaboosItisconsideredimpolitetoplaceyourlefthand,forearm,orelbowonthetable.Youcanpointwithyourindexfinger,butpointingdirectlyatsomeonewithanindexfingerisimpolite.Tosummonsomeone,waveallfingersorjusttheindexfingerwiththepalmfacingup.Therearetwocommongesturestoshowagreement:the"OK"sign,formedbytouchingthethumbandindexfingertogethertomakeacircle,withtheotherthreefingersextended;andthe"thumbup"gesture,whichinvolvesextendingthefistwhilethethumbpointsup.Raisingthemiddlefingerisavulgarbehaviorandimpliesaninsulttotheotherperson.2.CanadianInternationalBusinessCultureandEtiquettePresenter:Date：2024-08-10OverviewofCanadianInternationalTradeCanadianE-commerceMarketOverviewCanadianCultureandEtiquetteDevelopmentofCross-borderE-commerceOverviewofCanadianInternationalTradeOverviewofCanadianInternationalTradeCanadaislocatedinnorthernNorthAmericawithOttawaasitscapital.Asof2023,thepopulationisapproximately40million,withapercapitaGDPof$53,400,andamobilephonepenetrationrateranked8thintheworld.Keyindustriesincludeenergyresources,manufacturing,agriculture,financialinsurance,andprofessionalservices,withastrongpresenceinhigh-techindustries.OverviewofCanadianInternationalTrade-GoodsTradeAsanimportantplayerintheglobaleconomy,Canada'sinternationaltradestatushasmaintainedsteadygrowthinrecentyears.In2023,thetotalimport/exportvalueofgoodstradewas$1,139.68billion,down3.63%fromthepreviousyear,withexportsat$569.26billion,down4.97%,andimportsat$570.42billion,down2.25%.Thetradedeficitwas$1.162billion.CanadianInternationalTradeOverview-GoodsTradeIn2023,Canadaimportedthetopfivegoodsworldwide:passengermotorvehicles,refinedpetroleum,freightmotorvehicles,motorvehiclepartsandaccessories,andcrudeoil,reflectingCanada'sneedforenergyandmanufacturing;thetopfiveexportedgoodsgloballyarecrudeoil,passengermotorvehicles,petroleumgasesandotherhydrocarbongases,refinedpetroleum,andgold(non-monetaryuse),reflectingCanada'sadvantagesinenergyandmineralresources.

|TopGoodsImportedbyCanada||PassengerMotorVehicles||RefinedPetroleum||FreightMotorVehicles||MotorVehiclePartsandAccessories||CrudeOil||Telephones;OtherEquipmentforSendingorReceivingSound,Images,orOtherData||AutomaticDataProcessingEquipmentandItsParts||Pharmaceuticals||VaccinesandOtherImmunologicalProducts||Gold(Non-MonetaryUse)||TopGoodsExportedbyCanada||CrudeOil||PassengerMotorVehicles||PetroleumGasesandOtherHydrocarbonGases||RefinedPetroleum||Gold(Non-MonetaryUse)||MotorVehiclePartsandAccessories||MineralPotashandChemicalPotash||Wood||CoalandSolidFuelsManufacturedfromCoal||Pharmaceuticals|CanadianInternationalTradeOverview-ServiceTradeIn2023,Canada'stotalimportsandexportsofservicesamountedto$235.33billion,anincreaseof7.91%.Exportswere$136.71billion,anincreaseof9.83%,andimportswere$148.62billion,anincreaseof7.91%.CanadianInternationalTradeOverview-ServiceTradeTourismServicesBusinessServicesGovernmentServicesTransportationServicesCanadianInternationalTradeOverview-TradingPartnersCanada'smaintradingpartnersincludetheUnitedStates,China,theEuropeanUnion,andJapan.TheUnitedStatesisCanada'slargesttradingpartner,followedbyChina.In2023,thetopfivegoodsimportedfromChinaweretelephonesandotherequipmentforsendingorreceivingsound,images,orotherdata,automaticdataprocessingequipmentanditsparts,motorvehiclepartsandaccessories,lightingequipmentandlamps,andseatinganditsparts.|TopGoodsImportedbyCanadafromChina||Telephones;OtherEquipmentforSendingorReceivingSound,Images,orOtherData||AutomaticDataProcessingEquipmentandItsParts||MotorVehiclePartsandAccessories||LightingEquipmentandLamps||SeatingandItsParts||FurnitureandParts||Reagents||Toys||PlasticProducts||HouseholdElectricHeatingAppliances||TopGoodsExportedbyCanadatoChina||Gold(Non-MonetaryUse)||CoalandSolidFuelsManufacturedfromCoal||CrudeOil||IronOreandConcentrates||CausticSodaWoodPulporSulphateWoodPulp||Rapeseed||MineralPotashandChemicalPotash||CopperOreandConcentrates||Crustaceans||ResidueandSolidWasteObtainedfromRefiningVegetableorMicrobialOils|CanadianE-commerceMarketOverview02CanadianE-commerceMarketOverviewCanadianretaile-commercegeneratedover$52billioninrevenue,anincreaseof10.4%.By2028,e-commercesalesareexpectedtoreach$81.47billion.e-commercesales01Thelargeste-commerceplatforminCanadaisAmazonCanada,whichholdsaleadingpositionintheCanadianmarket.OtherplatformslikeeBayCanada,Shopify,andWalmartCanadaalsohaveasignificantmarketshareanduserbase.e-commerceplatform02Canadahasseveralwell-knownlogisticsserviceproviderslogisticsservice03CanadianE-commerceMarketOverviewCanadahasseveralwell-knownlogisticsserviceproviders,suchasCanadaPost,UPS,andFedEx,whichoffernationwideexpressdeliveryservices.DuetoCanada'svastandsparselypopulatedareas,logisticsremainachallengeforremotesuburbs.DevelopmentofCross-borderE-commerce03DevelopmentofCross-borderE-commerceIn2023,thetopcountrieswhereCanadiansshoppedcross-borderweretheUnitedStates(49%),China(32%),andtheUnitedKingdom(4%).35%ofpeopleusedcross-bordere-commercetopurchaseclothing,16%topurchasetoysorhobbyitems,and13%topurchaseconsumerelectronics.TheCanadiancross-bordere-commercemarketisbecomingincreasinglycompetitive,withmajorplatformslaunchinginnovativemodelsandoptimizingservicestoattractconsumersandsellers.TypicalE-commercePlatforms1.Amazon.caisawell-knownglobale-commerceplatformwithawiderangeofproducts,includingbooks,music,movies,mobiledevices,homeappliances,home,toys,healthandbeauty,watchesandjewelry,clothing,shoes,sports,food,maternityandbaby,outdoor,andleisureproducts.2.eBayCAisanonlineauctionandshoppingwebsitethatallowspeopleworldwidetobuyandsellitems.eBayCanadaallowsuserstotradeinvariousgoods,includingsecond-handitemsandnewproducts.TypicalE-commercePlatforms3.ShopifyisaCanadiane-commercegiantthatprovidescomprehensivee-commercesolutionsforbusinesses.MerchantscanbuildtheironlinestoresonShopifyandenjoyarangeofservicesprovidedbyShopify,suchaspaymentprocessingandlogisticsmanagement.TypicalE-commercePlatformsWalmartCanada(consumergoodsretailer),NeweggCanada(focusedonelectronicsandITproducts),BestBuy(electronicsretailer),andEtsyCanada(marketplaceforhandmadeandcreativegoods)alsohaveasignificantmarketshareanduserbaseintheirrespectivefields.TypicalE-commercePlatformsCanadianCultureandEtiquette04CanadianMulticulturalismCanadaisthefirstcountryintheworldtoadopt"multiculturalism"asanationalpolicy.Thegovernmentencouragesthecoexistenceanddevelopmentofmulticulturalism.Differentethnicgroupsretaintheirculturaltraditionswhilerespectingthetraditionsofotherethnicities.OpennessandinclusivenessareessentialcharacteristicsofCanadianlife.CanadianMulticulturalismCanadianshaveastrongenvironmentalawarenessandcanconsciouslydogarbagesorting.Thegovernmentdistributesaguideforgarbagesortingtoeveryhouseholdeachyear,detailingwhateachtypeis,size,andweightrequirements.Whetherit'sthebustlingstreetsofdowntown,thetranquilandbeautifulresidentialareas,orthefreshandpicturesquescenicspots,theyareallverycleanandtidy.BusinessSocialEtiquette1、SocialEtiquetteWhenmeetingguestsinsocialsettings,Canadiansgenerallyshakehands.Kissingandhuggingaresuitableonlyforacquaintances,friends,andlovedones.Generally,womenshouldextendtheirhandsfirstwhenmeetingmen.Ifawomandoesnotwishtoshakehands,shecansimplybowslightly.Ifamaniswearinggloves,heshouldtakethemoffwithhisrighthandbeforeshakinghands.Womendonotneedtoremovetheirgloveswhenshakinghands.InmanyplacesinCanada,punctualityisrequired,andmanythingsneedtobescheduledinadvance.Ifyouarehostedinaprivatehome,itispolitetobringflowerstothehostessorsendherflowers(excludingwhitelilies).2、DiningEtiquetteCanadianeatinghabitsaresimilartothoseoftheUK,France,andtheUSA.Theyparticularlyenjoytheflavorofhome-stylegrilledsteak,especiallyraretendersteak.Theyavoidfoodswithstrangeorfishysmellssuchasshrimppaste,fishsauce,fermentedbeancurd,andstinkytofu.Theyalsodonotlikespicydishes.Whendiningatsomeoneelse'shome,donotsitdownatthetablebyyourself;waitforthehosttositfirstorletthehostinstructyoutosit.Inaddition,donotgotothekitchentohelpthehost.BusinessSocialEtiquetteBusinessSocialEtiquetteAvoidexaggeratingorbelittlingproductpromotionanddonotinflatetheinitialpriceofproductstoomuch.ManyCanadianbusinessmenwillbeannoyedbyhigh-lowstrategies.AccordingtoCanadianbusinessetiquette,businessattireshouldbeconservativesuits.Generallyspeaking,Canadianbusinessmenarequiteconservative,andyoursalesshouldbeproposedduringworkinghoursinaformalmanner,withacautiousattitude.Canadianbusinessmenaremostlyconservative,donotlikepricesthatfrequentlyfluctuate,nordotheylikedoingbusinesswiththinprofitmargins,preferringasteadyapproach,andtheydonotlikeoverlyaggressive,rushedsalesmethods.030102Canadianbusinessmenadvocateforquickresults.Therefore,whennegotiatingwiththem,avoidbeatingaroundthebushandspeakingincircles.04CustomsandTaboosInconversation,donotdivideCanadaintoFrench-speakingandEnglish-speakingcountries.ThemajorityofCanadiansareProtestantsandRomanCatholics,withaminoritybelievinginJudaismandEasternOrthodoxy.Theydislikethenumber13andFriday.Theyalsodislikethewhitelily.Avoidsayingtheword"old,"nursinghomesarecalled"nurseryhomes,"andtheelderlyarereferredtoas"seniorcitizens."Avoidbreakingglassware,andavoidknockingoverthesaltshaker.3.BrazilInternationalBusinessCultureandEtiquettePresenter:Date：2024-08-10BrazilInternationalTradeOverviewBrazilE-commerceMarketOverviewBrazilianCultureandEtiquetteDevelopmentofCross-borderE-commerceBrazilInternationalTradeOverviewBrazilInternationalTradeOverviewLocation:SoutheasternSouthAmerica,withthecapitalcityofBrasília.S?oPauloisBrazil'slargestcity,thehubfornationalbusiness,finance,andtransportation,whileRiodeJaneiroisthecountry'ssecond-largestcity,aworld-renownedtouristdestinationandthesecond-largestportinBrazil.BrazilisthelargesteconomyinLatinAmerica,amemberoftheG20andBRICScountries,withasignificantregionalandinternationalinfluence.Keyindustriesincludeagriculture,industrialmanufacturing,andservices.BrazilInternationalTradeOverview-GoodsTradeAsthelargestcountryinSouthAmerica,Brazilistheeighth-largesteconomygloballyandpresentsactiveanddiverseinternationaltrade.In2023,thetotaltradeofgoodsimportsandexportswas$592.41billion,adecreaseof5.42%comparedtothepreviousyear.Exportswere$339.70billion,anincreaseof1.66%,whileimportswere$252.71billion,adecreaseof13.53%,resultinginatradesurplusof$96.98billion.BrazilInternationalTradeOverview-GoodsTradeThemaingoodsimportedfromaroundtheworld:Includemachinery,electronicequipment,pharmaceuticals,oil,cars,andautoparts.TheseimportedproductshelpmeetBrazil'sdomesticproductionandconsumptionneeds.NO.2Theprimarygoodsexportedglobally:Primarilyincludeagriculturalproducts(suchassoybeans,corn,sugar),minerals,andenergyproducts(likecrudeoil).Theseproductsarehighlycompetitiveintheinternationalmarket.NO.1BrazilInternationalTradeOverview-ServiceTradeInrecentyears,Brazil'sservicetradehassustainedgrowthandhasbecomeanessentialfactordrivingitseconomicdevelopment.In2023,thetotaltradeofserviceswas$127.98billion,anincreaseof6.48%comparedtothepreviousyear,withexportsat$45.19billion,anincreaseof12.17%,andimportsat$82.79billion,anincreaseof3.61%.Brazil'sserviceexportsareprimarilyfocusedontourism,transportation,telecommunications,computerandinformationservices,andotherbusinessservices.Tourismserviceexportshavegrownsignificantlyandhavebecomeavitalforceindrivingserviceexportgrowth.Transportationservices,telecommunications,computer,andinformationserviceshavealsoshownrobustgrowth.BrazilInternationalTradeOverview-TradingPartnersBrazil'smaintradingpartnersincludeChina,theUnitedStates,theEuropeanUnion,andArgentina.ChinaisBrazil'slargesttradingpartner,withextensivecooperationinmultiplesectors.In2023,Brazil'sexportstoChinareached$105.75billion,makingChinathefirstcountryinBrazil'sforeigntradehistorytoexceed$100billioninexports.ThemaingoodsexportedbyBraziltoChinaincludesoybeans,crudeoil,ironore,andbeef.TheseproductshaveasignificantdemandintheChinesemarket,drivingthecontinuousgrowthofSino-Braziliantrade.BrazilE-commerceMarketOverview02BrazilE-commerceMarketOverviewTheBraziliane-commercemarketisoneofthelargestintheLatinAmericanregion,sustainingrobustgrowth.In2023,theBrazilianretaile-commercemarketsawsignificantgrowth,jumpingfrom$12.4billionin2018to$34.5billion.BrazilE-commerceMarketOverviewBrazil'se-commerceplatformsareprimarilylocal,suchasMercadoLibre,Americanas,andMagazineLuiza,whichholdsignificantpositionsintheBrazilianmarket.Atthesametime,Chinesee-commerceplatformssuchasAliExpressandShopeehaveenteredtheBrazilianmarketandholdacertainshare,showingstronggrowthmomentum.BrazilE-commerceMarketOverviewElectronicsarethelargestproductcategoryintheBraziliane-commercemarket,accountingfor39.6%ofe-commercerevenue.Otherpopularproductcategoriesincludefashion,hobbiesandleisure,furnitureandhomefurnishings,etc.DevelopmentofCross-borderE-commerce03DevelopmentofCross-borderE-commerceInrecentyears,anincreasingnumberofChinesee-commerceplatformshaveenteredtheBrazilianmarket,suchasAliExpress,Shopee,etc.TheseplatformsattractalargenumberofBrazilianconsumersbyofferingawiderangeofproductsandconvenientshoppingexperiences.In2024,theChinesecross-bordere-commerceplatformTemuofficiallylaunchedinBrazil,usingafullconsignmentmodeltodeliverdirectlyfromChinatoBrazil,offeringhighlyattractivelow-pricedgoods.TheBraziliancross-bordere-commercemarkethassustainedgrowth,anditisexpectedtomaintainahigh-speeddevelopmenttrendinthecomingyears.Withthepopularizationofdigitalpaymentsandthecontinuousimprovementofthelogisticsanddistributionsystem,thepenetrationrateofcross-bordere-commerceintheBrazilianmarketwillfurtherincrease.TypicalE-commercePlatforms1.MercadoLivre,Brazil'slargeste-commerceplatform,offersawiderangeofproductsandservices,includingelectronics,homegoods,clothing,andbeautyproducts.TypicalE-commercePlatforms2.Amazon，oneofBrazil'slargeste-commerceplatforms,withnearly100millionmonthlyuserclicks,offersavarietyofproducts,includingbooks,electronics,andfashion.3.Shopee:Withover3millionsellersinBrazil,itcoversvariouscategories,includingclothing,shoes,beauty,home,anddigitalproducts.TypicalE-commercePlatforms4.B2WMarketplace(B2WDigital):Thelargeste-commercecompanyinBrazilandthemostvisitedlocalplatform,operatingAmericanas,Submarino,andShoptime.TypicalE-commercePlatformsBrazilianCultureandEtique