北京市通州區(qū)2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期末英語試題（解析版）

第1頁/共1頁2025北京通州高三（上）期末英語第一部分:知識運用(共兩節(jié),30分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分,共15分)ZhangYupeng,oncea“troubled”youth,wonthegoldmedalatthe47thWorldSkillsCompetitioninFrance.In2018,things____1____whenhesawolderstudentscraftingdelicate,sparklingjewelry.Theprocessofdesigningandcraftingjewelrywithpreciousmetalsgrabbedhisinterest,____2____himtochoosejewelrydesignashispath.However,becauseZhanghadbeeninattentivetohisstudiesbefore,hehadtostartfromthebeginning.Hespent____3____hoursbuildinghisskills,practicingeverythingfromdrawingandcuttingtowelding(焊接)andpolishing.“Idon’tevenrememberhowmanysheetsofpaperIused,howmanypensIworeout,orhowmanyfailedpiecesImade,”hesaid.His____4____finallywokehisinborntalent,enablinghimtoquicklymasterimportantskillsandgetthemdowntoafineart.“EverytimeIcreateapiece,IfeellikeI’mhavingaconversation.Thatconnectionwithartbringsmeimmensejoy,Thesenseofhappinessisindescribable,especiallywheninspirationstrikes,orwhenapieceis____5____polished,”hesays,Hisworkbegantogainrecognitionatvariousevents.Zhang___6___hisprogresstoallthesetbacksheencountered,andtoweaknesseshediscoveredduringeachcompetition.He____7____remembershisinstructortellinghimthatresultsweresecondary,andwhatwasimportantwastoobservethedifferencesbetweenhimselfandothers,identifyanyissues,andthinkabouthowtoimprove.Tohim,there’snoshortcut____8____hardworktomakeitintothetoparena(競技舞臺).Zhangisnowpassingonhisexperiencetoyoungerstudentsasatutor“Ifmyexperienceisany____9____,youngpeopleshouldfindwhattheyarepassionateaboutandunderstandthatonlywithhardworkcantheyrealizetheir____10____intheirchosenfield,”hesaid.1.A.occurred B.passed C.appeared D.changed2.A.forcing B.guiding C.inspiring D.convincing3.A.happy B.limited C.countless D.precious4.A.effort B.confidence C.ambition D.courage5.A.quickly B.perfectly C.carefully D.immediately6.A.matches B.relates C.compares D.owes7.A.clearly B.suddenly C.proudly D.occasionally8.A.inspiteof B.apartfrom C.dueto D.intermsof9.A.reference B.evidence C.influence D.convenience10.A.vision B.feature C.value D.impact【答案】1.D2.C3.C4.A5.B6.D7.A8.B9.A10.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是記敘文。文章講述了張玉鵬從一個“問題少年”到在世界技能大賽上獲得金牌的轉(zhuǎn)變過程?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：2018年，當(dāng)他看到年長的學(xué)生制作精致、閃閃發(fā)光的珠寶時，情況發(fā)生了變化。A.occurred發(fā)生；B.passed通過；C.appeared出現(xiàn)；D.changed改變。根據(jù)前文“ZhangYupeng,oncea“troubled”youth”以及后文“choosejewelrydesignashispath.”可知，張玉鵬原來是問題少年，但是當(dāng)他看到年長的學(xué)生制作精致、閃閃發(fā)光的珠寶時，他選擇了珠寶設(shè)計作為自己的道路，所以是情況發(fā)生了變化。故選D項。【2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：用貴金屬設(shè)計和制作珠寶的過程引起了他的興趣，激勵他選擇珠寶設(shè)計作為自己的道路。A.forcing強迫；B.guiding引導(dǎo)；C.inspiring激勵；D.convincing說服。根據(jù)前文“Theprocessofdesigningandcraftingjewelrywithpreciousmetalsgrabbedhisinterest”可知，用貴金屬設(shè)計和制作珠寶的過程引起了他的興趣，所以是激勵他選擇珠寶設(shè)計作為自己的道路。故選C項?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他花了無數(shù)個小時來培養(yǎng)自己的技能，從繪畫、切割到焊接和拋光，他都在練習(xí)。A.happy快樂的；B.limited有限的；C.countless無數(shù)的；D.precious珍貴的。根據(jù)后文“Idon’tevenrememberhowmanysheetsofpaperIused,howmanypensIworeout,orhowmanyfailedpiecesImade”可知，他自己都不記得練習(xí)了多久，所以是他花了無數(shù)個小時來培養(yǎng)自己的技能。故選C項。【4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他的努力終于喚醒了他天生的才能，使他能夠迅速掌握重要的技能，并將其轉(zhuǎn)化為一門精美的藝術(shù)。A.effort努力；B.confidence信心；C.ambition野心；D.courage勇氣。根據(jù)前文“Idon’tevenrememberhowmanysheetsofpaperIused,howmanypensIworeout,orhowmanyfailedpiecesImade”可知，張玉鵬付出了巨大努力。故選A項?！?題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：“每次創(chuàng)作一件作品時，我都感覺自己像是在與人對話。那種與藝術(shù)之間的聯(lián)結(jié)給我?guī)砹藷o比的快樂。這種幸福感難以言表，尤其是在靈感迸發(fā)，或者一件作品被打磨得盡善盡美的時候，”他說道。他的作品開始在各種活動中獲得認(rèn)可。A.quickly快速地；B.perfectly完美地；C.carefully仔細(xì)地；D.immediately立即。根據(jù)前文“Thesenseofhappinessisindescribable”可知，應(yīng)是一件作品被打磨得盡善盡美的時候，才會讓人感到幸福。故選B項?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：張把他的進步歸功于他遇到的所有挫折，以及他在每次比賽中發(fā)現(xiàn)的弱點。A.matches匹配；B.relates關(guān)聯(lián)；C.compares比較；D.owes歸功于。根據(jù)后文“hisprogresstoallthesetbacksheencountered,andtoweaknesseshediscoveredduringeachcompetition.”可知，此處應(yīng)是“把他的進步歸功于他遇到的所有挫折，以及他在每次比賽中發(fā)現(xiàn)的弱點”之意，符合語境。故選D項?！?題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：他清楚地記得他的老師告訴他，結(jié)果是次要的，重要的是觀察自己和他人之間的差異，找出任何問題，并考慮如何改進。A.clearly清晰地；B.suddenly突然地；C.proudly自豪地；D.occasionally偶爾。根據(jù)后文“remembershisinstructortellinghimthatresultsweresecondary,andwhatwasimportantwastoobservethedifferencesbetweenhimselfandothers,identifyanyissues,andthinkabouthowtoimprove.”結(jié)合選項可知，應(yīng)是清楚地記得老師的話，符合語境。故選A項?！?題詳解】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：對他來說，要想登上頂級舞臺，除了努力，沒有捷徑可走。A.inspiteof盡管；B.apartfrom除了；C.dueto由于；D.intermsof就……而言。根據(jù)前文“there’snoshortcut”可知，此處表達“除了努力，沒有捷徑可走”之意。故選B項。【9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他說：“如果我的經(jīng)歷有什么參考價值的話，年輕人應(yīng)該找到自己的激情所在，并且明白只有努力工作才能在自己選擇的領(lǐng)域?qū)崿F(xiàn)自己的價值?！盇.reference參考；B.evidence證據(jù)；C.influence影響；D.convenience便利。根據(jù)后文“youngpeopleshouldfindwhattheyarepassionateaboutandunderstandthatonlywithhardworkcantheyrealizetheir10intheirchosenfield”可知，這是張的人生經(jīng)驗，是給其他年輕人的參考。故選A項?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他說：“如果我的經(jīng)歷有什么參考價值的話，年輕人應(yīng)該找到自己的激情所在，并且明白只有努力工作才能在自己選擇的領(lǐng)域?qū)崿F(xiàn)自己的價值?！盇.vision愿景；B.feature特征；C.value價值；D.impact影響。結(jié)合前文內(nèi)容可知，張玉鵬本來是一個問題青年，但是在找到自己的激情所后，他通過努力練習(xí)自己的技能，獲得了法國第47屆世界技能大賽上獲得金牌，實現(xiàn)了自己的價值。故選C項。第二節(jié)語法填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分,共15分)A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容或括號內(nèi)所給詞的恰當(dāng)形式填空。TheSpringFestivalwasinscribedontheUNESCORepresentativeListoftheIntangibleCulturalHeritageofHumanity.ChinawilltakethisopportunitytoholdvariousformsofSpringFestivalcelebrationactivitiesglobally.Theseactivities,___11___areexpectedtobeparticipatedinbypeoplefromdifferentcountries,willmaketheSpringFestivalahappytimeforpeopleallovertheworldtoenjoyandsharetogether.Sofar,nearly20countriesintheworld___12___(set)theLunarNewYearasanofficialholiday,andaboutonefifthoftheglobalpopulationcelebrateitindifferentforms.Thisshows___13___populartheSpringFestivalisaroundtheworld.【答案】11.which12.haveset13.how【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了春節(jié)被列入聯(lián)合國教科文組織《人類非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)代表名錄》。中國將借此機會在全球舉辦形式多樣的春節(jié)慶祝活動?！?1題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：這些活動預(yù)計將有來自不同國家人們參加，將使春節(jié)成為全世界人民共同享受和分享的快樂時光。分析句子可知，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞“Theseactivities”指物，在從句中作主語，所以用關(guān)系代詞which。故填which?！?2題詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：到目前為止，世界上已有近20個國家將農(nóng)歷新年定為法定假日，全球約五分之一人口以不同的方式慶祝農(nóng)歷新年，可見春節(jié)在世界各地是多么受歡迎?！癝ofar”表示“到目前為止”，是現(xiàn)在完成時的標(biāo)志詞?，F(xiàn)在完成時的結(jié)構(gòu)為“have/has+過去分詞”，句子主語“nearly20countries”是復(fù)數(shù)，助動詞用have，“set”的過去分詞是“set”。故填haveset。【13題詳解】考查賓語從句。句意：到目前為止，世界上已有近20個國家將農(nóng)歷新年定為法定假日，全球約五分之一的人口以不同的方式慶祝農(nóng)歷新年，可見春節(jié)在世界各地是多么受歡迎。分析句子可，此句中“shows”后是一個賓語從句，根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思，這里應(yīng)該用how引導(dǎo)，構(gòu)成“how+形容詞+主語+謂語”的結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“多么……”。故填how。B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容或括號內(nèi)所給詞的恰當(dāng)形式填空。Atthe13th“TaoliCup”NationalDancingEducationShowcaseofChina,heldonDecember19to20,2023,youngperformersfromXizang___14___(leave)theaudienceinawe.Dressedintraditionalclothing,theyskillfullydanced___15___therhythmofthedramyin,atraditionalmusicalinstrument.TheirversionoftheGuozhuangandtheXianzidanceswasseamlessly(無縫地)integratedwithelementsofmodernstreetdancestyles.Thisintegrationcreateda___16___(surprising)harmoniousblendthatappealedtotheaudience.【答案】14.left15.to16.surprisingly【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是新聞報道。報道了在2023年12月19日至20日舉辦的第十三屆“桃李杯”全國舞蹈教育教學(xué)成果展示活動中，來自西藏的年輕表演者的精彩表現(xiàn)?！?4題詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：在2023年12月19日至20日舉辦的第十三屆“桃李杯”全國舞蹈教育教學(xué)成果展示活動中，來自西藏的年輕表演者令觀眾驚嘆不已。leave作本句謂語，根據(jù)時間狀語December19to20,2023可知，用一般過去時。故填left?！?5題詳解】考查介詞。句意：身著傳統(tǒng)服飾的他們，隨著扎念琴（一種傳統(tǒng)樂器）的節(jié)奏嫻熟起舞。此處是固定搭配：dancetotherhythm意為“隨著節(jié)奏跳舞”。故填to?！?6題詳解】考查副詞。句意：這種融合創(chuàng)造了一種令人驚訝的和諧融合，吸引了觀眾?？仗幮揎椏蘸蟮男稳菰~，用副詞。故填surprisingly。C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容或括號內(nèi)所給詞的恰當(dāng)形式填空。Acitywalkisaformofurbantourism____17____(originate)intheU.K.,withastrongemphasisondiggingdeepintothecity’shistory,cultureandlandscapes.Theappealofacitywalk____18____(lie)inmanyaspects.Mostobviously,theyounggenerationgraduallychangetheirattitudetowardlife,pursuingqualityleisuretimewhilebeingoccupiedwithdemandingworkloads,with____19____(limit)timeforexploration.Citywalkswillbecomeahugetrendbecausetheyhavepeopleabandonthetensetick-off-spotsstyleoftravel____20____(pursue)adeeptheme-orientedtourthatintegratespersonalthinkingandaesthetic(美學(xué))preferences,【答案】17.originating18.lies19.limited20.topursue【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。文章主要介紹了“城市漫步”（citywalk）這一城市旅游形式，包括其起源、特點以及吸引力所在?！?7題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：城市漫步（citywalk）是一種起源于英國的城市旅游形式，強調(diào)深入挖掘城市的歷史、文化和景觀。本句已有謂語動詞is，所以originate用非謂語形式，和邏輯主語urbantourism之間是主動關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語。故填originating。【18題詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：城市漫步的吸引力體現(xiàn)在很多方面。lie作本句謂語，描述客觀事實，用一般現(xiàn)在時，主語Theappeal為第三人稱單數(shù)。故填lies。【19題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：最明顯的是，年輕一代逐漸改變了他們的生活態(tài)度，在被繁重的工作所占據(jù)的同時，追求高質(zhì)量的休閑時間，只有有限的時間去探索?？蘸笫敲~，所以空處應(yīng)填形容詞作定語，limit和time之間是被動關(guān)系，用-ed形式。故填limited。【20題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：城市漫步將成為一種巨大的趨勢，因為它讓人們放棄緊張的定點旅行方式，轉(zhuǎn)而追求一種融合了個人思維和審美偏好的深度主題游。本句已有謂語動詞have，所以pursue用非謂語形式，根據(jù)句意，此處表目的，用不定式作目的狀語。故填topursue。第二部分:閱讀理解(共兩節(jié),38分)第一節(jié)語法填空(共14小題;每小題2分,共28分)AWiththearrivalofdigitaltechnology,digitallibrariesnowhaveawealthoffreeresources,makinginformationeasilyaccessibleatnocost.Knowingwheretosearchhelpsyoutouncoveradiversearrangementoffreee-books,audio-booksandotheronlinematerials.InternetArchiveTheInternetArchive,possiblythelargestdigitallibrary,housesatreasureofover36millionebooks,alongside778billionwebpagesandmillionsofvideos,concerts,audiofilesandsoftwareprograms.Actingasadigitaltimemachine,itpreservesuniqueitemsfromthe1990sandearlier,E-booksarecarefullyorganizedbycategory,collection,author,topic,oryear.Userscanrateandreviewbooksandevenuploadtheirownmediaafterregistration.OpenLibrarySignupforOpenLibrarytoborrowandreadmillionsoffreee-books.Browsemultiplegenres(文體),filterresultsbysubjectorauthor,andsearchforspecifictitles.Youcanalsopreviewand“borrow”randome-books.Registereduserscancreatecustomreadinglistsandaddnewbooks.Theplatformoffersbothe-booksandaudio-books,satisfyingallpreferences.SmashwordsUnlikeotherdigitallibrariesfeaturingtimelessclassics,Smashwordsstandsoutbyhighlightingindependentauthorsandnewreleases.Youcanreade-booksonlineordownloadtheminPDFandEPUB.Personalizeyoursearchbyselectingfreebooksandchoosinglengthsfromunder20,000toover100,000words.ManyBooksManybooksholdsover50,000e-booksacrossdiversitiesofgenresandcategories.Youcannarrowdownyoursearchesbygenre,languageandrating.Eachebookpageindicatesitsavailabilityforfreedownloadoronlinereading.Detaileddescriptions,authorinformationandsummarieshelpyoumakesoundselections.Eache-bookcomeswithanextensivedescriptionofthestoryandtheauthor,aswellasabooksummarytounderstandthebookyouareconsidering.21.Whichlibraryallowsreaderstouploadtheirowndigitalmaterials?A.OpenLibrary. B.Smashwords. C.ManyBooks. D.InternetArchive.22.BothOpenLibraryandManyBooksoffer_______.A.freesoftwareprograms B.multiplee-bookgenresC.individualizedreadinglists D.detailedauthors’information23.Whereisthepassagemostlikelychosenfrom?A.Aguideonhowtoborrowe-books.B.Anintroductionofthebenefitsofdigitallibraries.C.Areviewofvariousdigitalplatformsforfreeresources.D.Aninstructiononhowtouploadcontentstoonlinelibraries【答案】21.D22.B23.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了幾個免費的數(shù)字圖書館?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“InternetArchive”部分中的“Userscanrateandreviewbooksandevenuploadtheirownmediaafterregistration.(用戶可以對書籍進行評分和評論，甚至在注冊后上傳自己的媒體。)”可知，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)檔案館允許讀者上傳自己的數(shù)字資料。故選D項?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“OpenLibrary”部分提到“Browsemultiplegenres(文體),filterresultsbysubjectorauthor,andsearchforspecifictitles.(瀏覽多種類型，按主題或作者過濾結(jié)果，并搜索特定的標(biāo)題。)”以及“ManyBooks”部分提到“Manybooksholdsover50,000e-booksacrossdiversitiesofgenresandcategories.(Manybooks擁有超過5萬本不同類型和類別的電子書。)”可知，這兩個圖書館都提供多種電子書類型。故選B項。【23題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Withthearrivalofdigitaltechnology,digitallibrariesnowhaveawealthoffreeresources,makinginformationeasilyaccessibleatnocost.Knowingwheretosearchhelpsyoutouncoveradiversearrangementoffreee-books,audio-booksandotheronlinematerials.(隨著數(shù)字技術(shù)的到來，數(shù)字圖書館現(xiàn)在擁有豐富的免費資源，使信息易于免費獲取。知道在哪里搜索可以幫助你找到各種各樣的免費電子書、有聲書和其他在線材料)”文章主要介紹了幾個提供免費資源的數(shù)字圖書館，包括它們的特色、資源種類等，屬于對各種免費資源數(shù)字平臺的介紹和評論，由此可推知，這篇文章最有可能選自各種免費資源的數(shù)字平臺綜述。故選C項。BTaragrewupinaremotemountainregionofIdaho,whereherfamilyledanunconventionallifestyle,avoidingmodernsociety.Formaleducationwasfrownedupon,andTaraspentherchildhoodworkingalongsideherparentsmixingherbswithhermotherandhelpingherfatherinhisscrapyard(廢料場).Bookswererareintheirhome,andTara'slearningwaslimitedtowhatherparentschosetoteach.AsTaragrewolder,shebecameawareoftheworldbeyondherfamily'sisolatedhome.Hercuriosityabouteducationdeepened.Attheageof16,shedecidedtochangeherlifeandpursueformallearning,adecisionthatcreatedtensionwithinherfamily.Withnoformalschooling,Tarataughtherselfbasicsubjects,oftenstudyinglateintothenight.Whenshefinallygainedadmissiontocollege,shefacedenormouschallenges:shestruggledtokeepupwithclassmatesandoftendoubtedherabilitytosucceed.Collegelifewasnoteasy.Withnoformalschoolingbackground,shehadtoteachherselfeverythingfrombasicmathtohistory,itwasajourneyfilledwithobstaclesandmomentsofself-doubt,Theideaofsittinginacollegeclassroomseemedalmostimpossible.Yet,shepersevered,drivenbyadesiretounderstandandgrow.Enteringcollege,Tarafacednotonlyacademicchallengesbutdeep-seatedfearsfromherupbringing.Everyclassroomdiscussionseemedoverwhelming,everyhistoricalfactshehadn’tlearnedmadeherfeeloutofplace.ButTarafoundteacherswhobelievedinherpotential.Theyguidedher,andshestartedtoseeherselfasmorethanherpast.Overtime,Tara'sendurancepaidoff.SheearnedadoctorateatCambridge,transformingherlifeandredefiningwhatwaspossible.Lookingback,Tararealizedherjourneywasnotjustaboutgainingknowledgeitwasaboutfacingchallengesbravelyandhavingthecouragetoredefinewhoshereallywas.24.WhatpreventedTarafromformaleducationduringherchildhood?A.Heryoungage. B.Herlackofinterest. C.Herparents’attitude. D.Herheavyworkload.25.WhatmotivatedTaratoseekaneducation?A.Pressurefromherlife. B.Desireforknowledge.C.Tensionwithinherfamily. D.Encouragementfromherparents.26.WhatchallengedidTarafacewhenshestartedcollege?A.Shestruggledwithmakingfriends.B.Shehadneverattendedschoolbefore.C.Shehaddifficultyadjustingtotheurbanenvironment.D.Shefacedfinancialdifficultiesinpayingforcollegetuition.27.WhatcanbelearnedfromTara'sstory?A.Familysupportguaranteessuccess.B.PursuingeducationiseasyforeveryoneC.Isolationhelpsindividualsachievetheirgoals.D.Overcomingdifficultiesleadstopersonalgrowth.【答案】24.C25.B26.B27.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了Tara成長于愛達荷州偏遠(yuǎn)山區(qū)，在父母反對正規(guī)教育的環(huán)境下度過童年。長大后她出于對知識的渴望決定追求教育，憑借自學(xué)進入大學(xué)，克服了沒有正規(guī)學(xué)校教育背景等諸多困難，最終在劍橋獲得博士學(xué)位，實現(xiàn)了自我成長和蛻變的故事?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Formaleducationwasfrownedupon,andTaraspentherchildhoodworkingalongsideherparentsmixingherbswithhermotherandhelpingherfatherinhisscrapyard(廢料場).Bookswererareintheirhome,andTara'slearningwaslimitedtowhatherparentschosetoteach.(正規(guī)教育不被認(rèn)可，塔拉童年時期和父母一起勞作，和母親一起調(diào)配草藥，在父親的廢料場幫忙。他們家很少有書，塔拉的學(xué)習(xí)僅限于父母選擇教給她的東西)”可推知，她父母對正規(guī)教育的態(tài)度阻礙了塔拉在童年時期接受正規(guī)教育。故選C。【25題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“AsTaragrewolder,shebecameawareoftheworldbeyondherfamily'sisolatedhome.Hercuriosityabouteducationdeepened.Attheageof16,shedecidedtochangeherlifeandpursueformallearning(隨著塔拉逐漸長大，她意識到了自家與世隔絕的家之外的世界。她對教育的好奇心愈發(fā)強烈。16歲時，她決定改變自己的生活，追求正規(guī)教育)”可知，對知識的渴望促使塔拉去尋求教育。故選B?！?6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Withnoformalschoolingbackground,shehadtoteachherselfeverythingfrombasicmathtohistory,itwasajourneyfilledwithobstaclesandmomentsofself-doubt,Theideaofsittinginacollegeclassroomseemedalmostimpossible.(由于沒有正規(guī)的學(xué)校教育背景，她不得不自學(xué)從基礎(chǔ)數(shù)學(xué)到歷史的所有知識，這是一段充滿障礙和自我懷疑的歷程，坐在大學(xué)教室里的想法似乎幾乎是不可能的)”可知，塔拉剛上大學(xué)時面臨的挑戰(zhàn)是她以前從未接受過學(xué)校教育。故選B?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。文章講述了塔拉克服重重困難，包括父母不支持正規(guī)教育、自身沒有學(xué)校教育背景等，最終取得成功的故事。根據(jù)最后一段“Lookingback,Tararealizedherjourneywasnotjustaboutgainingknowledgeitwasaboutfacingchallengesbravelyandhavingthecouragetoredefinewhoshereallywas.(回首往事，塔拉意識到她的這段經(jīng)歷不僅僅是關(guān)于獲取知識，更是關(guān)于勇敢面對挑戰(zhàn)，并有勇氣重新定義真正的自己)”可推知，從塔拉的故事中我們能學(xué)到克服困難會帶來個人成長。故選D。CGenerativeAlIsLikelytoWorsentheE-WasteCrisisEverytimegenerativeartificialintelligencedraftsane-mailorcreatesanimagetheplanetpaysforit.Makingtwoimagescanconsumeasmuchenergyaschargingasmartphone,asingleexchangewithChatGPTcanheatupaserversomuchthatitrequiresabottle'sworthofwatertocool.By2027,theglobalAIsectorcouldannuallyconsumeasmuchelectricityastheNetherlands.AstudyinNatureComputationalScienceidentifiesanotherconcern?AI'scontributiontothemountingheapofelectronicwaste.GenerativeAlapplicationsalonecouldadd1.2millionto5millionmetrictonsofe-wasteby2030.Thiswouldaddtothemillionsoftonsofelectronicproducts:theglobegetsridofannually.Cellphones,computers,andotherdigitalproductsoftencontainmercury(汞)lead,orothertoxins.Ifthrownawayimproperly,theycancontaminateair,water,andsoil.In2022,theUNfoundthatabout78%oftheworld'se-wasteendedupinlandfillsorunofficialrecyclingsites,wherelaborersrisktheirhealthtocollectraremetals.AIrapidlyconsumesphysicaldatastoragedevicesandhigh-performancecomponentswhichlastonlytwotofiveyearsbutarereplacedquicklyasnewerversionsemerge.AsafTzachor,aresearcheratReichmanUniversity,emphasizestheimportanceofmonitoringandreducingAI'senvironmentalimpacts.Tzachor'sstudyexaminedthevolumeofhardwareusedforlargelanguagemodelsanditslifespan.ItpredictsthattheadoptionofgenerativeAlcouldincreasee-waste,althoughhardwareinnovationsmighthelpreducethis.Meanwhile,technologicaladvancescouldmakeAlsystemmoreaccessible,increasingtheiruse.Thisstudy'smaincontributionishighlightingAI'senvironmentalconsequences.ResearcherslikeShaoleiRenfromUCRiversidesuggestthatAlcompaniesshouldslowtheirpacetominimizetheseeffects.Currently,fewcountrieshavestricte-wastedisposallaws.IntheU.S.,there'snofederalrequirementforrecyclingelectronics,althoughsomestateshavepolicies.Anewbill,theArtificialIntelligenceEnvironmentalImpactsActof2024,aimstoaddressAI'senvironmentalimpactbutlackscompulsoryreportingfromcompanies.MicrosoftandGoogle,however,havecommittedtoreachingnet-zerowasteandemissionsby2030.Tolimite-waste,companiescanextendthelifeoftheirserversthrough"regularmaintenanceorrepurposeoldhardware,whichcanreducewasteby42%.Moreefficientdesigncouldcutthedemandforhardwareandenergy,potentiallyreducinge-wasteby86%.28.Thephrase“themountingheap”underlinedinParagraph1probablymeans_______？A.growingamount. B.effectiverecycling. C.fastconsumption. D.practicalapplication.29.AccordingtoAsafTzachor,_______islikelytocontributetothegrowthofAI-relatede-waste.A.theuseoftheraremetals.B.theimprovementinlanguagemodels.C.theincreasingaccessibilityofAltechnology.D.thereductioninthenumberofhardwarecomponents.30.WhatisimpliedabouttheU.S,federallawone-wastemanagement?AItisinadequateduetothelackofenforcement.B.Itiseffectiveinensuringproperdisposalofe-waste.C.IthasrecentlybeenupdatedtoincludeAlregulations.D.Itforcescompaniestoreporttheire-wastedisposalpractices.31.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthisarticle?A.ToshowcaseAI'spotentialforreducinge-waste.B.ToexplainthemechanismsbehindAltechnology.C.TohighlighttheurgencyofreducingAI'senvironmentalimpact.D.ToanalyzethepossibilitiesoflesseningAI'senvironmentalfootprint.【答案】28.A29.C30.A31.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要講述了生成式人工智能在運行過程中會消耗大量能源，其應(yīng)用可能會在2030年前增加120萬到500萬噸的電子垃圾，從而加劇電子垃圾危機。文章還提到電子垃圾若處理不當(dāng)會污染環(huán)境，以及目前各國在電子垃圾處理方面的法律現(xiàn)狀和減少電子垃圾的一些措施?！?8題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第一段“By2027,theglobalAIsectorcouldannuallyconsumeasmuchelectricityastheNetherlands.AstudyinNatureComputationalScienceidentifiesanotherconcern?AI'scontributiontothemountingheapofelectronicwaste.GenerativeAlapplicationsalonecouldadd1.2millionto5millionmetrictonsofe-wasteby2030.(到2027年，全球人工智能行業(yè)每年消耗的電量可能會與荷蘭每年的耗電量相當(dāng)。《自然?計算科學(xué)》的一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)了另一個問題：人工智能對themountingheap的電子垃圾的“貢獻”。僅生成式人工智能應(yīng)用一項，到2030年就可能增加120萬至500萬噸電子垃圾。)”可知，隨著人工智能的發(fā)展，其產(chǎn)生的電子垃圾數(shù)量在不斷增長，“themountingheap”意思是“不斷增加的數(shù)量”。故選A?！?9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“AsafTzachor,aresearcheratReichmanUniversity,emphasizestheimportanceofmonitoringandreducingAI'senvironmentalimpacts.(雷希曼大學(xué)的研究員阿薩夫?察喬爾強調(diào)了監(jiān)測和減少人工智能對環(huán)境影響的重要性。)”以及根據(jù)第四段“Meanwhile,technologicaladvancescouldmakeAlsystemmoreaccessible,increasingtheiruse.(與此同時，技術(shù)進步可能會使人工智能系統(tǒng)更易于使用，從而增加其使用量。)”可推知，察喬爾認(rèn)為人工智能技術(shù)更易于使用會導(dǎo)致其使用量增加，進而可能會增加與人工智能相關(guān)的電子垃圾。故選C。【30題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Currently,fewcountrieshavestricte-wastedisposallaws.IntheU.S.,there'snofederalrequirementforrecyclingelectronics,althoughsomestateshavepolicies.Anewbill,theArtificialIntelligenceEnvironmentalImpactsActof2024,aimstoaddressAI'senvironmentalimpactbutlackscompulsoryreportingfromcompanies.(目前，很少有國家有嚴(yán)格的電子垃圾處理法律。在美國，沒有聯(lián)邦層面關(guān)于回收電子產(chǎn)品的要求，盡管一些州有相關(guān)政策。一項新的法案，即2024年的《人工智能環(huán)境影響法案》，旨在解決人工智能對環(huán)境的影響，但缺乏對公司的強制報告要求。)”可推知，美國聯(lián)邦在電子垃圾管理方面的法律存在不足，因為缺乏強制執(zhí)行力。故選A。【31題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章整體內(nèi)容，尤其是最后一段“Tolimite-waste,companiescanextendthelifeoftheirserversthrough"regularmaintenanceorrepurposeoldhardware,whichcanreducewasteby42%.Moreefficientdesigncouldcutthedemandforhardwareandenergy,potentiallyreducinge-wasteby86%.(為了限制電子垃圾，公司可以通過定期維護來延長服務(wù)器的使用壽命，或者對舊硬件進行重新利用，這可以減少42%的垃圾。更高效的設(shè)計可以減少對硬件和能源的需求，有可能減少86%的電子垃圾。)”可知，文章開篇指出生成式人工智能每次運行都會消耗能源并產(chǎn)生電子垃圾，接著闡述了電子垃圾處理不當(dāng)?shù)奈：Α⑷斯ぶ悄芟嚓P(guān)電子垃圾增加的原因，還提到了目前電子垃圾管理法律的不足以及減少電子垃圾的方法等內(nèi)容。所以作者寫這篇文章的目的是強調(diào)減少人工智能對環(huán)境影響的緊迫性。故選C。DWehumanshaveanaturaltendencytoexaggerateourpositivequalities,andcompareourselvesfavorablywithothers,whichiscalled“self-enhancementeffect”.Famously,backinthe1980s,researchersshowedthatupto80percentofmotoristsconsideredthemselvestohaveabove-averagedrivingskills.Ifyou’rearegulardriver,youhavetoknowthatthiscannotbetrueevenifyoupersistinbelievingitaboutyourself.Onereasonforthistendencyisthatitactsasprotectionagainstthementalpainthatcomesfromnegativecomparisonswithothers.NeuroscientistswritingintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesin2013usedfMRIandPETscanstoshowthatfeelingsuperiortoothersboostsdopamine(多巴胺)release,whichinturnsuppresses(抑制)activityinpartsofthebrainassociatedwithpsychologicaldiscomfort.However,althoughself-enhancementfeelsgoodintheshortterm,itisnotalong-termsolutiontolife’sproblems,Soonerorlater,you’reboundtobeconfrontedwithapainfuladjustmenttothetruth.Forinstance,researcherswritingintheJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychologyshowedthatwhencollege,studentsheldanoverestimatedviewoftheirownacademicability,itenhancedtheirmoodandpositiveeffect—thatis,theyenjoyedhappierfeelings.Buttheillusion(幻覺)ofsuperioritydidnottranslateintobetteracademicperformance.Infact,thestudentstendedtofailattheiracademicexpectations,andthatinpartledtolowerself-esteemoverthelongterm.Onesuggestion:Reframeyourimperfections,notasfailingsbutasinterestingpuzzlestosolve.Ifyoulikepuzzles,youmayhavenoticedthatyouinitiallyenjoytheonesthataresimpletocrack,butquicklygetboredandlookfortrickieralternatives.Butifthey’retoohard,yousimplygrowfrustrated.Thezoneofenjoymentmovesupasyouincreaseinskillandcantacklemoredifficulty.Life’schallengesarelikepuzzles:Agreatdealofthepresent-dayincreaseinunhappinesscomesfromthefactthatwhenweuseself-enhancementtoavoidthediscomfortofstruggle,weunintentionallygetstuckbelowthezoneofenjoymentinthefascinatinggameofself-improvement.Youdon’tneedtomakeanyimprovements,becauseyou’reperfectalready?Howboring!32.Whatdoesthe“self-enhancementeffect”referto?A.Theabilitytoignorenegativetraits. B.Thetendencytocomparewithothers.C.Thebeliefinone’ssuperiorityoverothers. D.Themotivationtoenhanceinnerqualities.33.Thepotentialconsequenceofholdingaself-enhancementviewis______.A.temporarysatisfaction B.objectiveself-assessmentC.improvedsocialconnections D.long-lastingacademicsuccess34.Whatcanwelearnfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Playinggamesleadstolongtermenjoyment.B.Pursuingsimplesolutionsalwayskeepspeoplehappy.C.Regardingweaknessesaschallengescanpromotepersonalimprovement.D.Comparingoneselffavorablywithothersboostsself-esteempermanently,【答案】32.C33.A34.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了“自我增強效應(yīng)”現(xiàn)象，指出人們?？浯笞陨矸e極品質(zhì)、自認(rèn)優(yōu)于他人，如多數(shù)司機高估自己駕駛技術(shù)?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Wehumanshaveanaturaltendencytoexaggerateourpositivequalities,andcompareourselvesfavorablywithothers,whichiscalled“self-enhancementeffect”.(我們?nèi)祟愑幸环N天生的傾向，就是夸大自己的積極品質(zhì)，把自己和別人比較，這就是所謂的“自我增強效應(yīng)”。)”以及后面提到“upto80percentofmotoristsconsideredthemselvestohaveabove-averagedrivingskills(多達80%的駕車者認(rèn)為自己的駕駛技術(shù)高于平均水平)”可知，“自我增強效應(yīng)”指的是人們傾向于夸大自己的積極品質(zhì)，認(rèn)為自己比別人更優(yōu)秀，也就是相信自己優(yōu)于他人。故選C項。33題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“However,althoughself-enhancementfeelsgoodintheshortterm,itisnotalong-termsolutiontolife’sproblems,Soonerorlater,you’reboundtobeconfrontedwithapainfuladjustmenttothetruth.Forinstance,researcherswritingintheJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychologyshowedthatwhencollege,studentsheldanoverestimatedviewoftheirownacademicability,itenhancedtheirmoodandpositiveeffect—thatis,theyenjoyedhappierfeelings.Buttheillusion(幻覺)ofsuperioritydidnottranslateintobetteracademicperformance.Infact,thestudentstendedtofailattheiracademicexpectations,andthatinpartledtolowerself-esteemoverthelongterm.(然而，雖然自我提升在短期內(nèi)感覺很好，但它并不是解決生活問題的長久之計，遲早，你一定要面對一個痛苦的適應(yīng)事實的過程。例如，在《人格與社會心理學(xué)雜志》上發(fā)表的研究表明，當(dāng)大學(xué)生對自己的學(xué)術(shù)能力持有過高的看法時，這會增強他們的情緒和積極影響——也就是說，他們享受到更快樂的感覺。但是優(yōu)越感的幻覺并沒有轉(zhuǎn)化為更好的學(xué)習(xí)成績。事實上，這些學(xué)生往往無法達到他們的學(xué)業(yè)期望，這在一定程度上導(dǎo)致了長期自卑。)”可知，持有自我增強觀點的潛在后果是能帶來暫時的滿足感，但從長遠(yuǎn)來看并非是好的解決辦法，會導(dǎo)致與現(xiàn)實的痛苦調(diào)整，甚至降低自尊。故選A項。【34題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Reframeyourimperfections,notasfailingsbutasinterestingpuzzlestosolve.(重新定義你的不完美，不是失敗，而是有趣的謎題。)”以及“Life’schallengesarelikepuzzles:Agreatdealofthepr