2025鋁合金焊縫 超聲波檢測

鋁合金焊縫UltrasonicTestingWeldsofAluminum目錄TOC\o"1-3"\h\u15448鋁合金焊縫 1236191. 3122202.適用范圍/Applicable 382773.引用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)/Normative 3162404. 4147515.檢測人員/Personnel 415326. 5276056.1儀器 598396.2探頭 529157. 7211688. 8156139.檢測面/Detection 8548010.儀器的調(diào)整/Instrument 93235610.1測量探頭前沿/Measuringprobeleading 9106010.3K值/MeasuringprobeK 101087410.4時(shí)基線調(diào)節(jié)/Timebaseline 102550511.檢測技術(shù)/Detection 113146211.1檢測技術(shù)等級/Inspectiontechnology 112236711.2母材檢測/Basemetal 122349911.3掃查面/Scanning 121611311.4探頭掃查方式/Probescanning 141905212.缺欠的定量/Deficiency 141398813.質(zhì)量分級、Quality 163217414.不合格部位的處理/Disposalofnonconforming 18778815.檢測記錄及報(bào)告/Testrecordsand 182043115.1 182489515.2報(bào)告 18司MOSS項(xiàng)目鋁合金焊縫超聲波檢測的相關(guān)技術(shù)要求。本程序規(guī)定了鋁和鋁合金材料熔化焊焊接接頭的超聲波檢測方法，檢測技術(shù)和驗(yàn)收標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。/ThisprocedureisestablishedandimplementedbyJiangsuScienceTestTechnologyServiceCo.,Ltd.tocontroltherelevanttechnicalrequirementsforultrasonictestingofaluminumalloyweldsinMOSSprojectofShanghaiBluesoulEnvironmentalTech.Co.,Ltd.Thisprocedurespecifiestheultrasonictestingmethod,testingtechnologyandacceptancestandardforfusionweldedjointsofaluminumandaluminumalloy適用范圍/Applicable8~40mm的鋁合金角接接頭A/ThisprocedureisapplicabletoA-typepulsereflectionmanualultrasonictestingtechnologyforaluminumalloycornerjointwithbasemetalthicknessof8~40mm.引用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)/Normative《LR20227月版/LRRulesfortheManufactureTestingandCertificationofMaterialsJuly2022NB/T47013.3-2015承壓設(shè)備無損檢測第3部分：超聲檢測/Nondestructivetestingofpressureequipment-Part3:Ultrasonictesting超聲探傷用探頭性能測試方法/JB/T10062-1999Testingmethodsforperformanceofprobesusedinultrasonicflawdetection3.4無損檢測A型脈沖反射式超聲檢測系統(tǒng)工作性能測試方法/JB/T9214-2010Non-destructivetesting-TestmethodsforevaluatingperformancecharacteristicsofA-scanpulse-echoultrasonictestingsystemsISO17640-2018/Non-destructivetestingofwelds-Ultrasonictesting-Techniques,testinglevels,andassessmentISO11666-2018Non-destructivetestingofwelds-焊接接頭超聲波檢測一般在焊接完成后進(jìn)行，需要熱處理的焊縫應(yīng)在熱處理完成后進(jìn)行。/Ultrasonictestingofweldedjointsisgenerallycarriedoutafterweldingandweldsrequiringheattreatmentshallbecarriedoutafterheattreatment./ForproductsclassifiedasLloyd'sRegisterGroup,theultrasonictestingtimeshallmeetthe檢測人員/Personnel從事焊縫檢測人員應(yīng)掌握焊縫超聲檢測通用知識，具有足夠的焊縫超聲檢測經(jīng)驗(yàn)，并掌握一定的材料和焊接基礎(chǔ)知識。/hepsonnlnggedinldinsptionshllmstrtheenrlknoldgeofultsonictstingoflds,hvesuiintxpineinultsonictstingoflds,ndmstrrtinbsicknoldgeofmtilsndlding.GB/T9445ISO9712/PersonnelengagedinweldtestingshallbequalifiedandcertifiedinaccordancewithGB/T9445orISO9712orthesystemagreedbyallpartiestothecontract,obtainqualificationcertificatesforrelevantindustrialsectorsofultrasonictesting,andengageintestingofcorrespondingassessment300mmJaeger1或同等字母。此外，操作員的色覺應(yīng)能足以辨別無損檢測方法中使用的顏色之間的對比度。視力測試應(yīng)至少每年進(jìn)行一次。/Theoperatorshallprovideevidenceofsatisfactoryvision.ThenearvisionacuityshallpermitreadingaminimumofJaegernumber1orequivalentlettersatnotlessthan300mmwithoneorbotheyes,eithercorrectedoruncorrected.InadditionthecolourvisionshallbesufficientthattheoperatorcandistinguishanddifferentiatecontrastbetweenthecoloursusedintheNDTmethod.Thedocumentedtestofvisualacuityshallbecarriedoutatleastannually.儀器使用A0.5~10MHZ，儀器應(yīng)配備衰20dB誤差在±1dB60dB誤差在±2dB內(nèi)。80dB12個(gè)月。/TypeAdisplaypulsereflectiondigitalflawdetectorshallbeused,anditsoperatingfrequencyrangeshallbeatleast0.5~10MHz.Theinstrumentshallbeequippedwithattenuatororgaincontroller,anditsaccuracyshallbewithin±1dBforanyadjacent20dBerroror±2dBforanyadjacent60dBerror.Thetotalregulationshallnotbelessthan80dB.Theinstitutionissuingtheinstrumentperformancetestreportshallhavethelegalqualification,andthevalidityofthereportshallnotexceed12months.探頭2MHz~5MHz范圍內(nèi)。/Thedetectionfrequencyoftheprobeshallbewithin2MHz~5MHz.NB/T47013.3-2015B的要求。/Generallythediameterofcircularwafershallnotbegreaterthan40mm,andthelengthofeithersideofsquarewafershallnotbegreaterthan40mm.ItsperformanceindicatorsshallmeettherequirementsofAppendixBofNB/T47013.3-2015.1K值一K5MHz9×970（°2.5MHz13×1370°）2.5MHz9×960（°2.5MHz13×360°）的斜探頭。/Ifspecialaluminumalloyprobeisselected,refertoTable1;Iftheconventionalangleprobeisused,theKvaluegenerallyreferstothenominalvalueinthesteel,whichshallbeconvertedintotheKvalueinthealuminumalloybeforereferringtothisprovision.Forexample,angleprobeswithspecificationsof5MHz9×970°(or2.5MHz13×1370°)and2.5MHz9×960°(or2.5MHz13×13canbeTable1ProbeRefractionAngle(Kvalue)andNominal1探頭折射角（K值）折射角（K值儀器和探頭的組合性能/Combinationperformanceofinstrumentand以下情況時(shí)應(yīng)測定儀器和探頭組合性能：/Thecombinedperformanceoftheinstrumentandprobeshallbemeasuredunderthefollowingconditions:新購置的超聲檢測儀器和（或）/Newlypurchasedultrasonictestinginstrumentsand(or)probes;儀器和探頭在維修或更換主要部件后；/Instrumentandprobeaftermaintenanceorreplacementofmaincomponents;檢測人員有懷疑時(shí)。/Whentheinspectorhas1%5%。/Thehorizontallineardeviationisnotmorethan1%,andtheverticallineardeviationisnotmorethan5%.儀器和探頭的組合頻率與探頭標(biāo)稱頻率之間偏差不得大于±10%。/Thedeviationbetweenthecombinedfrequencyoftheinstrumentandtheprobeandthenominalfrequencyoftheprobeshallnotbegreaterthan10%.儀器一直探頭組合性能還應(yīng)滿足以下要求：/Theperformanceoftheinstrumentprobecombinationshallalsomeetthefollowingrequirements:32dB；/Thesensitivitymarginshallnotbelessthan5MIHz10mm2.5MHz的探頭，盲區(qū)不大于15mm/Underthereferencesensitivity,fortheprobewiththenominalfrequencyof5MIHz,thebreedingareashallnotbegreaterthan10mm;Fortheprobewithnominalfrequencyof2.5MHz,theblindzoneshallnotbegreaterthan15mm;20dB。/Farfieldresolutionofstraightprobeshallnotbelessthan儀器一斜探頭組合性能還應(yīng)滿足以下要求：/ThecombinationperformanceofinstrumentIangleprobeshallalsomeetthefollowingrequirements:42dB；/Sensitivitymarginshallnotbelessthan12dB。/Farfieldresolutionofangleprobeisnotlessthan在達(dá)到所探工件的最大檢測聲程時(shí)，其有效靈敏度余量應(yīng)不小于10dB。/Whenthemaximumdetectionsoundpathofthedetectedworkpieceisreached,theeffectivesensitivitymarginshallnotbelessthan10dB.JB/T10062的規(guī)定，其他組合性能的測試方法參照J(rèn)B/T9214的規(guī)定。/ThetestmethodforcombinedfrequencyofinstrumentandprobeshallcomplywithJB/T10062,andthetestmethodforothercombinedperformanceshallcomplywithJB/T9214.6.4儀器和探頭組合性能的核查/Verificationofinstrumentandprobecombinationperformance6.4.1儀器和探頭組合性能中的水平線性和垂直線性，每3個(gè)月至少核查一次。/Thehorizontallinearityandverticallinearityinthecombinedperformanceofinstrumentandprobeshallbecheckedatleastonceevery3months.6.4.2盲區(qū)（僅限直探頭）、靈敏度余量和分辨力，每3個(gè)月至少核查一次。/Blindarea(onlyforstraightprobes),sensitivitymarginandresolutionshallbecheckedatleastonceeverythree查。/Beforeeachuseoftheultrasonictestingsystem,theangleprobeshallmeasuretheleadingedgedistance(incidentpoint),Kvalue(refractionangleβ）Verificationofdeviationfrommainsoundbeam;Thestraightprobeshallbecheckedfortheinitialpulsewidth(underthereferencesensitivity),sensitivitymarginandresolution.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)試塊采用鋁合金制CSK-IA試塊。主要用于測定儀器、探頭及系統(tǒng)性能，以及測量探頭前沿距離、聲速、零偏值、K值。/ThestandardtestblockadoptsCSK-IAtestblockmadeofaluminumalloy.Itismainlyusedtomeasuretheperformanceofinstruments,probesandsystems,aswellastheleadingedgedistanceofprobes,soundvelocity,biasvalueandKvalue.1DAC應(yīng)與被檢材料具有相同或相近的聲學(xué)特性。/ThestandardtestblockadoptsCSK-IAtestblockmadeofaluminumalloy.Itismainlyusedtomeasuretheperformanceofinstruments,probesandsystems,aswellastheleadingedgedistanceofprobes,soundvelocity,biasvalueandKvalue.Thicknessof5,15, 1號對比試塊/Fig.1No.1Reference同耦合劑。/Couplingagentcanbeglycerin,engineoilorchemicalpaste.Thesamecouplantshallbeusedfortimebaserangeadjustment,sensitivitysettingandworkpiecedetection.檢測面/Detection0.5mmW（2），并由下式確定：/Thesplash,rust,oildirt,etc.inthemovingareaoftheprobeshallberemovedfromthedetectionsurfaceThepitsshallberepairedandpolished.Thecontactgapbetweenthedetectionsurfaceandtheprobeshallnotbegreaterthan0.5mm.TheclearancewidthW(Figure2)isdeterminedbythefollowingformula:Fullrangesinglereflectionmethod)detection全聲程（一次反射法）檢測：W≥1.25PWhere式中P—1span1T—Basemetalthicknessβ—AngleofrefractionofangleprobeWFigure2圖 儀器的調(diào)整/Instrument測量探頭前沿/Measuringprobeleading至試塊端部距離L值，探頭前沿值則為100-L，并將測量的數(shù)據(jù)記錄下來。/FindthehighestechoofR100arconthealuminumalloyCSK-IAtestblockwiththeselectedprobe,measurethedistanceLvaluefromtheprobefrontedgetotheendofthetestblockatthistime,andtheprobefrontedgevalueis100-L,andrecordthemeasureddata.測量聲速和零偏值/Measurementofsoundvelocityand保持探頭位置不變，分別調(diào)整試塊R50圓弧、R100用儀器測得測量聲速和零偏值。/Keeptheprobepositionunchanged,respectivelyadjustthehighestechoofR50arcandR100arcofthetestblocktotheappropriatepositiononthescreen,andusetheinstrumenttomeasurethesoundvelocityandzerodeviationvalue.K值/MeasuringprobeKCSK-IAK1K值。/TheKvaluecanbemeasuredontheCSK-IAtestblockmadeofaluminumalloy,ortheKvaluecanbemeasuredusingthecrossholeoftheNo.1testblockmadeofaluminumalloy.時(shí)基線調(diào)節(jié)/TimebaselineCSK-IA3/4以上。/UseCSK-IAorreferenceblocktoadjustthebaselineaccordingtotheplatethickness,structure,etc.accordingtothesoundpath,andthemaximuminspectionrangeshallbeadjustedtomorethan3/4ofthefullscale.距離-波幅曲線的繪制/Drawingofdistanceamplitude2mm-波幅曲線（DAC）DAC滿刻度的20%。其制作方法如下：/Thedistanceamplitudecurve(DAC)ismadeonthereferenceblockwiththeprobeandinstrumentused,andthetransverseholewithadiameterof2mmisusedasthereferencereflector.IftheDAClineisdrawnonthedisplayscreen,theheightofanypointofthecurvewithinthedetectionrangeshallnotbelessthan20%ofthefullscaleofthedisplayscreen.Themanufacturingmethodisasfollows:儀器測試范圍，按聲程法調(diào)節(jié)時(shí)基線比例；/Instrumenttestrange,adjustthebaselineproportionaccordingtosoundpathmethod;DAC繪制功能鍵將峰值點(diǎn)標(biāo)記在熒光屏上，并逐個(gè)找出其它聲程或深度孔的/Findtheholewiththenearestsoundpathordepthonthetestblock,adjustthereflectedwaveoftheholeto80%ofthefullscaleofthefluorescentscreen,usetheDACdrawingfunctionkeyoftheinstrumenttomarkthepeakpointonthefluorescentscreen,andfindoutthereflectedwaveofothersoundpathordepthholesonebyonetomarkthepeakpointonthefluorescentscreen;在探測的聲程范圍內(nèi)，繪制DAC曲線時(shí)不少于三點(diǎn)；/Withinthesoundpathrangeofdetection,thereshallbenolessthanthreepointswhendrawingDACcurve;利用儀器DAC繪制功能將各點(diǎn)連成線，并將DAC曲線儲存。/UsetheDACdrawingfunctionoftheinstrumenttoconnectthepointsintoalineandstoretheDACcurve.儀器調(diào)整的校驗(yàn)/Calibrationofinstrument4dB時(shí)，則對上次校驗(yàn)4dB時(shí)，則對上次校驗(yàn)后檢查的全部焊縫重新進(jìn)行檢測。/Thedistanceamplitudecurveshallbecalibratedonthereferenceblock,andthecalibrationshallnotbelessthan3points.Thedistanceamplitudecurvemustbeverifiedbefore,afterandevery4hours.Whenthecalibrationsensitivityis4dBhigherthanthedetectionsensitivity,allrecordeddisplayscheckedafterthelastcalibrationshallberetested.Whenthecalibrationsensitivityis4dBlowerthanthedetectionsensitivity,allweldsinspectedafterthelastcalibrationshallberetested.聲能傳輸損耗的補(bǔ)償/CompensationofsoundenergytransmissionNB/T47013.3-2015P2~12dB之間，如小于2dB則無需補(bǔ)償，若大于12dB，則表面需進(jìn)一步處理。/Duringdetectionanddefectquantification,theacousticenergylosscausedbymaterialattenuationofmaterialsandsurfaceroughnessofworkpieceshallbecompensated.Thesurfacecompensationshallbemeasured,andthemethodisdetailedinAppendixPofNB/T47013.3-2015.Thecompensationvalueshallbe2~12dB.Ifitislessthan2dB,nocompensationisrequired.Ifitismorethan12dB,thesurfaceshallbefurther檢測技術(shù)/Detection檢測技術(shù)等級/Inspectiontechnology檢測技術(shù)等級分為A、B、C三級。檢測的完善程度和檢測工作的難度按A、B、C順序遞最適宜探頭角度應(yīng)根據(jù)焊縫坡口角度選擇使入射聲束盡量垂直于焊縫坡口。/Thedetectiontechnologyisdividedintothreelevels:A,BandC.ThedegreeofperfectionanddifficultyofdetectionshallincreaseinorderofA,BandC.Theinspectiontechnologylevelshallbeselectedaccordingtothematerial,structure,weldingmethodandloadoftheworkpiece.Whentwoormoretypesofangleprobesareselected,thedifferenceoftheproberefractionangleshallbeatleast10.Inordertodetectthenonfusionbetweenweldandbasemetal,themostappropriateprobeangleshallbeselectedaccordingtotheweldgrooveangletomaketheincidentsoundbeamasperpendiculartotheweldgrooveaspossible.母材檢測/Basemetal必要時(shí)，斜探頭掃查聲束通過的母材區(qū)域，應(yīng)先用直探頭檢測，以便檢測是否有影/Ifnecessary,thebasemetalareathroughwhichthesoundbeampassesshallbescannedbytheangleprobe,andthestraightprobeshallbeusedtodetectwhethertherearedelaminationsorothertypesofdefectsaffectingtheangleprobedetectionresults.Thistestisonlyforrecord,notforacceptancetestofbasemetal.母材檢測的要點(diǎn)如下：/Thekeypointsofbasemetaltestingareas100%；/Scanningsensitivity:adjustthesecondbottomwaveofthedefectfreepartto100%ofthefullscaleofthedisplayscreen;20%/Anypartwithsignalamplitudeexceeding20%ofthefullscaleofthedisplayscreenshallbemarkedonthesurfaceoftheworkpieceandrecorded.掃查面/ScanningISO17640A.2A.2A執(zhí)行。/ThescanningsurfaceshallrefertoFigureA.2ofISO17640.ThetestshallbecarriedoutaccordingtoTableA.2TestinglevelA.探頭掃查方式/Probescanning10mm寬度（取二者較大值）的內(nèi)部區(qū)域。/Thescanningtechnologyshallbeabletoscanallweldbeads.Italsoincludestheinternalareawiththewidthofbasemetalorheataffectedzone(whicheverisgreater)atleast10mmonbothsidesoftheweld.焊縫的檢測必須使用合適的掃查方式，以便確定缺欠位置、方向、形狀以及判別缺欠信號和假信號。為檢測縱向缺陷，斜探頭應(yīng)垂直于焊縫中心線放置在檢測面上，作鋸齒型掃查。探頭前后移動的范圍應(yīng)保證掃查到全部焊接接頭截面，在保持探頭垂直焊縫作前后移動的同時(shí)還應(yīng)作10°~15°的左右轉(zhuǎn)動。為觀察缺陷動態(tài)波形和區(qū)分缺陷信號或偽缺陷信號，確定缺陷的位置、方向和形狀，可采用前后、左右、轉(zhuǎn)角、環(huán)繞等四種探頭基本掃查方式。/Properscanningmethodmustbeusedforwelddetectiontodeterminetheposition,directionandshapeofdefects,andtodistinguishdefectsignalsandfalsesignals.Todetectlongitudinaldefects,theangleprobeshallbeplacedperpendiculartotheweldcenterlineonthedetectionsurfaceforsawtoothscanning.Theforwardandbackwardmovementrangeoftheprobeshallensurethatallweldedjointsectionscanbescanned.Whilekeepingtheprobemovingforwardandbackwardperpendiculartotheweld,itshallalsorotate10°~15leftandright.Inordertoobservethedynamicwaveformofdefects,distinguishdefectsignalsorpseudodefectsignals,anddeterminetheposition,directionandshapeofdefects,fourbasicscanningmethodsofprobes,frontandback,leftandright,corner,andsurround,canbeused.掃查速度不應(yīng)大于150mm/s，相鄰兩次探頭移動間隔保證至少有探頭寬度10%的重疊。/Thescanningspeedshallnotbegreaterthan150mm/s,andthemovementintervalbetweentwoadjacentprobesshallensureatleast10%overlapoftheprobewidth.缺欠的定量/Deficiency超過評定線的信號應(yīng)注意其是否具有裂紋等危害性缺陷特征，如有懷疑時(shí)應(yīng)采取改變應(yīng)輔以其他檢驗(yàn)作綜合判定。/hesinalbondthevlutionlineshllbenotdhthrithsthecharacteristicsofdangerousdefectssuchascracks.Ifindoubt,itshallbedeterminedbychangingtheprobeangle,increasingthedetectionsurface,observingthedynamicwaveform,andcombiningthestructuralprocesscharacteristics.Ifthewaveformcannotbedeterminedaccurately,itshallbesupplementedbyotherinspectionsforcomprehensivejudgment.度、深度/Measurementofimperfectionamplitudeanddepth:placetheprobeatthepositionwherethemaximumimperfectionreflectedwaveoccurs,readandrecordtheamplitudeanddepthofthewave.?；蚨鄠€(gè)組合的評定按表2中的2級驗(yàn)收對應(yīng)的要求執(zhí)行，該等級的評定線為（100%DAC）-14dB。/theindicatorechotobemeasuredisloweredtothecorrespondingevaluationlinetomeasurethelength.TheevaluationofsingleormultiplecombinationsshallbecarriedoutaccordingtotherequirementscorrespondingtoLevel2acceptanceinTable2.TheevaluationlineofthislevelisH0(100%DAC)-14dB.12.4度等。/Thepartsjudgedasdefectsmustbemarkedatthecorrespondingpartsoftheweld,includingtheindicatedlength,burieddepth,etc.3所示。/Alldisplayedpositionsshallbedefinedbyreferencetoacoordinatesystem,asshowninFigure3./b.Apointonthedetectionsurfaceshallbeselectedasthemeasuringorigin./Whentestingfrommultiplefaces,eachfaceshalldetermineareferencepoint.Inthiscase,thepositionalrelationshipbetweenallreferencepointsshouldbeestablishedsothatalldisplayedabsolutepositionscanbedeterminedfromthespecifiedreferencepoints.環(huán)形焊縫可在裝配前確定內(nèi)外圈的參考點(diǎn)。/Thereferencepointoftheinnerandouterringofthecircumferentialwel