新課改瘦專用2024高考英語大一輪復(fù)習(xí)Unit4Astronomy：thescienceofthestars課下作業(yè)一-三含解析新人教版必修3

PAGEPAGE10Unit4Astronomy：thescienceofthestars課下作業(yè)（一~三）課下作業(yè)（一）考點(diǎn)過關(guān)針對(duì)練Ⅰ.單詞拼法1．Accustomedtotheclimate(氣候)inthecountryside,theoldcoupleprefernottomovetothecity.2．Theycompletelyignoredtheseproblemsasiftheyneverexisted(存在)．3．Wearesofarfromtheearththatwecan'tfeelitspull(牽引力)．4．Hewasquitepuzzled(困惑的)aboutwhattodonext,soheturnedtohisfatherforhelp.5．Theoldscientisttoldhisstudentsthatscientifictheories(理論)mustbebasedonfacts.6．Hefoundsomethingfloating(漂移)onthelake,whichfrightenedhim.7．Atruckwentoutofcontrolandcrashed(碰撞)intothebackofabus.8．Icouldfeelthewindgently(溫柔地)blowingthroughmyhairanditwasawarmsummerbreeze.9．Newtonwasoneofthegreatestphysicists(物理學(xué)家)intheworldandmanypeopleadmirehimverymuch.10．Unlike(與……不同)mostpeopleintheofficewhocometoworkbycar,Iusuallycometoworkbybus.Ⅱ.語境語法填空1．The?existence(exist)ofterrorismletstheworldnotbestable.Terrorists'activities,manyofwhicharelinkedto?religious(religion)extremism(極端主義),haveresultedinaglobaldisaster.Theynotonlybringthreattothesafetyofhumans,buthavea?harmful(harm)effectoneconomicgrowth.Manypeopleareforcedtofleetheirhomesbecauseofgrowingfearsof?violence(violent)．Allgovernmentsarepayinggreatattentiontothisissue,buttostopterrorismisindeedasystematicproject,whichrequireseffort,wisdomandcooperation.2．Aconflict?broke(break)outwhenthevillagerstriedtopreventthefactory?fromsendingwastewaterintotheirfields.Thevillagershadbeenwatchingout?forthewastewaterforsometime.Theyfounditwasveryharmful?totheirhealthaswellastheircrops.Officialscamejustintime?to_stop(stop)thesituationgettingworse.3．Thedevelopmentofsciencemakesitpossibleforus?to_visit(visit)themoon.Butyouwillfind?itdifficulttostaythere.Theearthis49times?thesizeofthemoon.Asaresult,thegravityoftheearthisaboutsixtimesasgreatas?thatofthemoon.Whenwegetclosertothemoon,wewillfeelitsgravitypullingus,butitisnotasstrong?apullastheearth's.Ⅲ.依據(jù)提示補(bǔ)全句子1．自不待言，正是團(tuán)隊(duì)合作才使得他們?nèi)ハ肴サ牡胤匠蔀榭赡堋?makeit＋adj.＋forsb.todo)Obviously,itistheteamworkthat_makes_it_possible_for_them_to_goanywheretheywantto.2．既然我們誰也不知道她的電話號(hào)碼，只有派人去把消息告知她了。(nowthat)Now_that_none_of_us_knows_her_telephone_number,_wewillhavetosendsomeonetodeliverthemessage.3．李明的手機(jī)看起來和張華的一樣，但價(jià)格是他的兩倍。(倍數(shù)表達(dá)法)LiMing'smobilephonelookedjustthesameasZhangHua's,butitcosttwice_as_much_ashis.4．這些游客們回到賓館，又累又困。(形容詞短語作狀語)Thesetravelersreturnedtothehotel,tired_and_sleepy.5．當(dāng)這個(gè)教授出現(xiàn)時(shí)，全部的學(xué)生歡呼起來。(cheer)Whentheprofessorturnedup,all_the_students_cheered_up.6．我的父母一每天的變老，該輪到我起先照看他們的時(shí)候了。(turn)Myparentsaregettingolderandolder,soit_is_my_turn_to_startlookingafterthem.Ⅳ.語境辨義依據(jù)語境選出動(dòng)詞multiply的詞義eq\x(A乘；乘以B快速增加C繁殖；增殖)1．Itispossibletomultiplythesebacteriainthelaboratory.__C__2．Inmathsclassthechildrenarealreadylearningtomultiplyanddivide.__A__3．Ourproblemshavemultipliedsincelastyear.__B__課下作業(yè)（二）話題閱讀培優(yōu)練Ⅰ.依據(jù)提示填空Withthedevelopmentofmodernscienceandtechnology,wehave?made_it_possible_to_explore_space(使探究太空成為可能)．Whileanincreasingnumberofcitizensclaimthatthiskindoflaunchis?a_waste_of_time_and_money(奢侈時(shí)間和金錢)becausetheyholdtheviewthatitcannotbringanybenefitsforthem.However,?I_hold_the_different_opinions(我持不同的看法)．?There_is_no_doubt_that(毫無疑問)spaceexplorationwillspendmuchmoney.However,?in_the_long_run(從長遠(yuǎn)看),itisalonginvestmentandwillbe?beneficial(benefit)tousinthefuture.Tobeginwith,space?exploration(explore)willbringbenefitsforustosearchfornaturalresource.Thatistosay,otherplanetsmayberichin?various(variety)resourcesthatareingreatshortageontheearth.ItisreportedthatMars?contains(contain)agreatdealofnaturalgasandiron.Moreover,engineershavealsonoticedthattheseresourcesontheplanetareabletoexploreandcan?be_used(use)intheearthiftheycouldsolvetheproblemoftransportation.Ⅱ.片段選詞填空produce，planet，nutritious，reach，enjoyone'slife，development，treasure，fresh，cometrue，preventMarsisoneoftheeightmajor?planetsofthesolarsystem.ThereisnoliquidwateronMars.Withthincarbondioxideanddustintheatmosphereitiscoldanddryallyearround.Inwinterthecoldtemperaturecan?reachminus130degreescentigradewhileinsummertimeitcanriseto27degreesCelsius.Withtherapid?developmentofscienceandtechnology,theMarswillchangealotinmanywaysinthefuture.Bighousesaremadebyspecialmaterialwhichcould?preventtheradiationofthesun.Moreover,fruitsandvegetablesonMarsaremore?nutritiousthanthoseontheearth.Also,newenergiesonMarsdonot?producecarbondioxide,orcreategreenhouseeffect.WewillfindtheMarshaven'tbeenpolluted.Airandwaterbecomestidierand?fresherthanourearth.Ontheonehand,wecanstudyinthespaceshipandworkbycomputerathomeinsteadofgoingtoworkregularly.Ontheotherhand,itisveryeasyforustovisitotherstarsbyspaceship.Ihopeallthesecan?come_true.Butfirst,wemust?treasureandprotectMarsandavoiditbecominganotherpollutedearth.Ifallofustryourbesttodoit,wewill?enjoy_our_life.課下作業(yè)（三）高考語篇提能練Ⅰ.閱讀理解(2024·南昌市二模)Astronomers(天文學(xué)家)saytheyareonthepointoffindingplanetslikeEarthorbitingotherstars,whichisakeystepindeterminingifwearealoneintheuniverse.AtopNASAofficialandotherleadingscientistssaythatwithinfourorfiveyearstheyshoulddiscoverthefirstEarth-likeplanetwherelifecoulddevelop,ormayhavealready.AplanetclosetothesizeofEarthcouldevenbefoundsometimethisyear.AttheannualAmericanAstronomicalSocietyconferencethisweek,eachdiscoveryinvolvingso-called“exoplanets”—thoseoutsideoursolarsystem—pointedtothesameconclusion:QuietplanetslikeEarthwherelifecoulddevelopprobablyareplentiful.NASA'snewKeplertelescopeandalotofnewresearchfromthesuddenlyhotandcompetitiveexoplanetfieldcausednoticeablebuzzatthemeeting.Scientistsaretalkingaboutbeingat“anincrediblespecialplaceinhistory”andclosertoansweringaquestionthathasdoggedhumanitysincethebeginningofcivilization.“Arewealone?Forthefirsttime,there'sanoptimismthatsometimeinourlifetimeswe'regoingtoget_to_the_bottom_ofthat，”saidSimonWorden,anastronomerwhoheadsNASA'sAmesResearchCenter.“IfIwereabettingman,whichIam,Iwouldbetwe'renotalone.”“Thesearebigquestionsthatreflectuponthemeaningofthehumanraceintheuniverse，”thedirectoroftheVaticanObservatory,theRev.JoseFunes,saidonWednesdayinaninterviewatthisweek'sconference.WordentoldTheAssociatedPress:“Iwouldcertainlyexpectinthenextfourorfiveyearswe'dhaveanEarthsizedplanetinthehabitable(可居住的)zone.”語篇解讀：天文學(xué)家說，他們即將在其他恒星四周找到類似地球的行星，在那里生命可以形成，或者可能已經(jīng)形成。到那時(shí)候就可以回答人類在宇宙中是否孤寂這一問題了。1．Fromthefirsttwoparagraphswecanlearn________.A．a(chǎn)stronomershavefoundplanetslikeEarthorbitingotherstarsB．findingotherstarsisakeystepindeterminingifwearealoneC．it'spossiblethataplanetlikeEarthwillbefoundthisyearD．scientistssaythatlifehasdevelopedonthefirstEarth-likeplanet解析：選C細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段最終一句“AplanetclosetothesizeofEarthcouldevenbefoundsometimethisyear.”一顆類似地球的行星可能在今年的某個(gè)時(shí)候被發(fā)覺。故答案為C。2．Accordingtothepassageanexoplanetisaplanet________.A．likeEarth B．outsideoursolarsystemC．orbitingthesun D．wherelifehasdeveloped解析：選B細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段“‘exoplanets’—thoseoutsideoursolarsystem”可得出答案。3．Theunderlinedwords“gettothebottomof”inParagraph4probablymean“________”.A．understandfully B．makefulluseofC．searchfor D．domoreresearchon解析：選A詞義揣測題。西蒙這句話的意思是：我們第一次有了樂觀的看法，在我們的有生之年，我們將能弄清這個(gè)問題的真相。gettothebottomof“弄清真相，徹底弄明白”。4．Fromthepassagewecanlearn________.A．a(chǎn)nEarth-likeplanethasbeenfoundB．it'sbeenprovedwearenotaloneintheuniverseC．JoseFuneshasfoundthemeaningofthehumanraceintheuniverseD．thediscoveryofanEarth-likeplanetcouldhappeninthenearfuture解析：選D推理推斷題。通讀全文可知，天文學(xué)家們認(rèn)為在不久的將來，他們將在其他恒星四周找到類似地球的行星，證明人類在宇宙中并不孤寂。Ⅱ.閱讀七選五(2024·南昌市一模)WhileyourteenmaygetbyOKbywaitinguntilthelastpossiblesecondtocompletehishighschoolscienceexperimentorhismathproject,procrastination(拖延癥)canbeabigproblemlaterinlife.Yourteen'sfuturebossorcollegeprofessorsaren'tlikelytoacceptlatework—ortheexcusesthataccompanydelayedprojects.__1__Thatmeansmanaginghistimewiselywithoutrequiringconstantremindersorassistancefromyoutogethisworkdone.Herearesomestepsyoucantaketoteachyourteenessentialtimemanagementskills：__2__Ifyou'realwaysrunninglateoryoumissalotofdeadlines,yourteenwillfollowsuit.Practicemanagingyourowntimewiselyandshowyourteenthatyoucanaccomplishthemostimportanttasksinanygivenday.Encourageyourteentowritedownhisschedule.Yourteen'stimemayeasilygettakenupwithvideogamesorsocialmediaifhe'snotcareful.Teachhimtoschedulehisdaysohecansetasidetimeforchores,homework,andotherresponsibilities.__3__Then,timedoesn'tidlypasswithoutfeelinglikehehasn'tdoneanythingfun.Helpyourteenprioritize(劃分優(yōu)先依次)activities.__4__Abasketballgameandbirthdaypartymaycoincide.Talktoyourteenabouthowtoprioritizeactivities,basedonhisvaluesandcommitments.Avoidnagging(嘮叨)．Itcanbeannoyingtonagyourteenorofferrepeatreminders.__5__Setrulesaboutyourexpectationsandfollowthroughwithconsequenceswhennecessary.Then,yourteenwilllearntomanagehistimebetterinthefuture.A．Modelgoodtimemanagementhabits.B．Encouragehimtoschedulefreetimeaswell.C．Encourageyourteentoestablishhealthyhabits.D．It'scommonforteenstohaveconflictsintheirschedules.E．It'simportanttoteachyourteenhowtobehaveresponsibly.F．Asaresult,manyofthemhavetolearnhowtomanagetheirtimerepeatedly.G．Andtellingyourteentodohisworkoverandoveragainreduceshisresponsibility.eq\x(語篇解讀：本文主要介紹了如何讓青少年避開拖延癥，更好管理時(shí)間的方法和策略。)1．選E依據(jù)空前的“Yourteen'sfuturebossorcollegeprofessorsaren'tlikelytoacceptlatework”可推知，讓青少年學(xué)會(huì)有責(zé)任感，不拖延是特別重要的，與下文“Herearesomestepsyoucantaketoteachyourteenessentialtimemanagementskills”呼應(yīng)，故選E項(xiàng)。2．選A依據(jù)空處所在位置可知，空處為段落主題句，并結(jié)合本段內(nèi)容可知，本段主要講的是人們要為青少年樹立好的時(shí)間管理習(xí)慣典范，空后的“followsuit”亦是提示，故選A項(xiàng)。3．選B空處上文講的是激勵(lì)青少年寫下他的支配，空處下文是說這樣時(shí)間不會(huì)無聊地消逝，故B項(xiàng)“激勵(lì)他也支配一下空閑時(shí)間”，與上下文連接緊密。故選B項(xiàng)。4．選D依據(jù)空后的“Abasketballgameandbirthdaypartymaycoincide.”可推知，青少年的日程支配上常常有沖突是很正常的現(xiàn)象，故選D項(xiàng)。5．選G依據(jù)本段主題句“Avoidnagging(嘮叨)”及空前的“Itcanbeannoyingtonagyourteenorofferrepeatreminders”可推知，不停地給青少年嘮叨他應(yīng)當(dāng)做的事情會(huì)降低他的責(zé)任感，對(duì)事情的完成起到相反的作用，因此應(yīng)當(dāng)規(guī)避，這與選項(xiàng)G的內(nèi)容呼應(yīng)，故選G項(xiàng)。Ⅲ.語法填空(2024·貴陽適應(yīng)性考試一)Franklin'slifeisfullofcharmingstorieswhichallyoungmenshouldknow—__1__hesoldbooksinBoston,andbecametheguestofkingsinEurope;howhewasmadeMajorGeneralFranklin,onlytoquitbecause,ashesaid,hewasnosoldier,andyethelpedtoorganizethearmythatstoodbeforethetrainedtroopsofEnglandandGermany.ThispoorBostonboy,withoutaday'sschooling,__2__(become)amasterofsixlanguagesandneverstopped__3__(study);thisneglectedapprentice(學(xué)徒)conqueredlightning,madehisnamefamous,__4__(receive)degreesanddiplomasfrommanycolleges,andbecameforeverrememberedasthe“DoctorFranklin”，aphilosopher,scientistand__5__(politics)leader.Self-made，self-taught，thecandlemaker'ssongavelight__6__alltheworld;thestreetbooksellersetallmensingingofliberty;theapprenticebecamethemostsought-aftermanacrosstheworld,andbroughthisnativelandtopraiseandhonorhim.HebuiltAmerica,forwhatthenationistodayislargelyduetothemanagement,theforethought,thewisdom,andthe__7__(able)ofBenjaminFranklin.Hebelongstotheworld,but__8__(especial)hebelongstoAmerica.Peoplearoundtheworldhonoredhimwhilehewasliving;heisstillregarded__9__theloftiest(崇高的)manbythecommonpeopletodayafterhisdeath.Andhewillliveinpeople's__10__(heart)forever.eq\x(語篇解讀：本文主要講解并描述了美國名人本杰明·富蘭克林的傳奇故事。)1．how考查副詞。此處與下文中的“howhewasmadeMajorGeneralFranklin”呼應(yīng)，此處表示事情進(jìn)行的方式，故用副詞how。2．became考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。依據(jù)下文的andneverstopped可知，此處是并列結(jié)構(gòu)，故用一般過去時(shí)。3．studying考查動(dòng)名詞。stopdoingsth.意為“停止做某事”，故用動(dòng)名詞作賓語。4．received考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。依據(jù)語境可知，此處和conquered,made,became是并列關(guān)系，故用一般過去時(shí)。5．political考查形容詞。修飾名詞用形容詞，故用形容詞political修飾名詞leader，在句子中作定語。6．to考查介詞。givesth.to...意為“給……某物”，故用介詞to。7．a(chǎn)bility考查名詞。依據(jù)冠詞the和介詞of以及上文的management,forethought和wisdom可知，此處用名詞ability表示抽象概念。8．especially考查副詞?？仗幮揎椪麄€(gè)句子，所以應(yīng)用especial的副詞形式，在句子中作狀語。故填especially。9．a(chǎn)s考查介詞。regard...as...意為“把……看作……”，為固定搭配，故用介詞as。10．hearts考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。heart作“心，內(nèi)心”時(shí)為可數(shù)名詞，依據(jù)空前的people's可知，此處表示復(fù)數(shù)概念，故用復(fù)數(shù)名詞hearts。Ⅳ.讀后續(xù)寫閱讀下面短文，依據(jù)所給情節(jié)進(jìn)行續(xù)寫，使之構(gòu)成一個(gè)完整的故事。Iwas28yearsold,theagewhenmostyoungpeoplehavetheireyesfirmlyfixedonthepromiseofsuccessbutIwasafailure.Sixyearsearlier,freshfromcollege,Ihadjoinedadramaticproducingcompany,andhadbeengoingintosmalltownsandruralcommunitiesproducingcountry-stylemusicalcomedies.But,inthesummerof1940,thecountrywasinadepression,radiohadchangedpeople'stastes,andpart-timeshowsweren'tallthatbiganymore.So,joblessandwithnothingelseinsight,Iwentbackhome.LaterIgotajobasarecreation-roomdirectorinmyhometown.ItpaidD|S50amonth,forwhichIwasgrateful,butitsurewasadulljob.Ifeltsofrustratedwithmyplantobeadramaticstar.RestlessanddissatisfiedthoughIwas,itwasnice,inaway,tobebackhome.Itriedtoteachsomeofmytown'schildrenmusicanddrama.AndwhenIgotachance,I'dtrymyluckasaperformermyself.I'ddressupasacountry_girlandtelllittlestoriesandjokesthatI'dpickedupduringmyyearslivingaroundcountryfolk.Igavethiscountrygirlaname—Minnie_Pearl.OneOctoberafternoonIwasintherecreationroom,waitingforthechildrenwhenabankerfriend,Jim_Walker,_cameinandsaid,“We'regoingtohaveabankers'meetinghere.Iunderstandyou'vebeenteachingsomechildrendramaticsanddancingandsinging.Wouldyouletthechildrenentertainthebankers？”Isaid,yes.Suddenly,heturnedandadded，“Oh,bytheway,thespeakerfromChicagoisflyinghere.Ifhe'slate,wouldyouminddoingthatMinniePearlthing？”ItoldJimI'ddoit.Thatnightthechildrensanganddancedtoold-time,popularsongswhenIwasbackstage.Afterwefinishedtheperformance,_Jimcametome.“Thespeaker'snothereyet.You'llhavetohelpus.”“Allright，”Itoldhim,“justgivemeam