地質(zhì)英語常用詞匯

地質(zhì)英語常用詞匯巖石類型（rocktype）Petrology巖石學Igneousrock火成巖Magmaticrock巖漿巖Lava（vocanicrock）火山巖Intrusive（invade）rock侵入巖Effusiverock噴出巖Plutonicrock深成巖Pypabyssalrock淺成巖Acidrock酸性巖Intermediaterock中性巖Basicrock基性巖Ultrabasicrock超基性巖Granite花崗巖Porphyry斑巖Porpyrite玢巖Rhyolite流紋巖Syenite正長巖Trachyte粗面巖Diorite閃長巖Andesite安山巖Gabbro輝長巖Basalt玄武巖Aplite細晶巖Pegmatite偉晶巖Diabase輝綠巖Dunite橄欖巖Pumice浮巖Sedimentaryrock沉積巖Clastic碎屑巖Clayrock粘土巖Chemicalrock化學巖Biolith生物巖Conglomerate礫巖Siltstone粉砂巖Mudstone泥巖Shale頁巖Salinerock巖鹽Limestone石灰?guī)rDolomite白云巖Marl泥灰?guī)rVolcanicbreccias火山角礫巖Volcanicagglomerate火山集塊巖Tuff凝灰?guī)rMetamorphicrock變質(zhì)巖Slate板巖Phyllite千枚巖Schist片巖Gneiss片麻巖Quartzite石英巖Marble大理巖Mylonite糜棱巖Migmatite混合巖Cataclasite碎裂巖Sediment（deposit）沉積物、沉積層Boulder漂石、頑石Cobble卵石Gravel礫石Sand砂Silt粉土Clay粘土Sandyclay砂質(zhì)粘土Clayeysand粘質(zhì)砂土Sandyloam壤土、亞粘土Regolith（topsoil）浮土（表土）Loess黃土Laterite紅土Peat泥炭Ooze軟泥（海泥）巖石物理性質(zhì)（physicalcharacterofminerals）Hardness硬度Luster光澤Color顏色Transparency（pellucidity）透明度Streak條痕Rent（fracture）斷口Crystalform晶型Classification分類Structure構造Texture結構Fabric組成Mineralcomposition礦物組成Crystalline結晶質(zhì)Amorphoussubstance非晶質(zhì)Fossil化石Degreeofrounding磨圓度Degreeofgrains粒度工程地質(zhì)（engineeringgeology）Geotechnics（geotechnique）土工學、土工技術、巖石工程Rockmechanics巖石力學Soilmechanics土力學Geomechanics地質(zhì)力學（巖石力學）Engineeringgeologicalconditions工程地質(zhì)條件Engineeringgeologicalprobiems工程地質(zhì)問題Rockmassstructure巖體結構Geographicandgeomorphicconditions地形地貌條件Geophysicalphenomenon物理地質(zhì)現(xiàn)象Hydrogeologicalconditions水文地質(zhì)條件Naturalmaterials天然材料Reservoir水庫Settlement沉降Displacement位移Deformation變形Tectonicstress構造應力Residualstress殘余應力Angleofinternalfriction內(nèi)摩擦角Cohesion內(nèi)聚力（凝聚力、粘聚力）Pressuretunnel壓力隧洞Undergroundcavern/cavity地下洞室Overburden覆蓋物Bedrock（baserockfoundationrock）基巖Firmrock（soundrock）硬巖Weakrock（softrock）軟巖Interbed夾層Zoneoffracture（brokenzones）破碎帶Homogeneity均質(zhì)性Nonhomogeneity（heterogeneity）非均質(zhì)性Isotropy各向同性Anisotropy各項異性地質(zhì)年代（geochronologyofgeologictime）Archaeozoicera（erathem）太古代（界）Proterozoicera（erathem）元古代（界）Palaeozoicera（erathem）古生代（界）Mesozoicera（erathem）中生代（界）Cenozoicera（erathem）新生代（界）Sinianperiod（system）震旦紀（系）Cambrianperiod（system）寒武紀（系）Ordovicianperiod（system）奧陶紀（系）Silurianperiod（system）志留紀（系）Devonianperiod（system）泥盆紀（系）Carboniferousperiod（system）石炭紀（系）Permianperiod（system）二疊紀（系）Triassicperiod（system）三疊紀（系）Jurassicperiod（system）侏羅紀（系）Cretaceousperiod（system）白堊紀（系）Tertiaryperiod（system）第三紀（系）Paleogeneperiod（system）古近紀（系）Neogeneperiod（system）新近紀（系）Quaternaryperiod（system）第四紀（系）Paleoceneepoch（series）古新世（統(tǒng)）Eoceneepoch（series）始新世（統(tǒng)）Oligoceneepoch（series）漸新世（統(tǒng)）Mioceneepoch（series）中新世（統(tǒng)）plioceneepoch（series）上新世（統(tǒng)）Pleistoceneepoch（series）更新世（統(tǒng)）Holoceneepoch（series）全新世（統(tǒng)）地質(zhì)構造（geologicstructure）Fault斷層Normalfault正斷層Reversedfault逆斷層Paralledfault平移斷層Gouge斷層泥Stria擦痕Joint節(jié)理Primaryjoint原生節(jié)理Secondaryjoint次生節(jié)理Tensionjoint張節(jié)理Unloadingjoint卸荷節(jié)理Schistosity片理Bedding層理Foliation板理（頁理）Ripplemark波痕Mudcrack泥痕Rainprint雨痕Orientationofbedrock巖層產(chǎn)狀Strike走向Dip傾向Angleofdip（dipangle）傾角Fold褶皺Anticline背斜Syncline向斜Monocl