初中部分重要詞匯中英文對照

positivenumber正數(shù)negativenumber負數(shù)rationalnumber有理數(shù)numberaxis數(shù)軸origin原點oppositenumber相反數(shù)absolutevalue絕對值power乘方、冪basenumber底數(shù)exponent指數(shù)approximatenumber近似數(shù)significantdigit有效數(shù)字monomial單項式coefficient系數(shù)degreeofamonomial單項式的系數(shù)polynomial多項式term項constantterm常數(shù)項degreeofapolynomial多項式的系數(shù)integralexpression整式equation方程linearequationwithoneunknown一元一次方程solution解geometricfigure幾何圖形solidfigure立體圖形planefigure平面圖形net展開圖solid體surface面line線point點intersection相交pointofintersection交點center中點distance距離angle角degree度angularbisector角的平分線complementaryangle余角supplementaryangle補角adjacentanglesonastraightline鄰補角verticalangles對頂角perpendicular垂直perpendicularline垂線footofaperpendicular垂足correspondingangles同位角alternateinteriorangles內(nèi)錯角interioranglesonthesameside同旁內(nèi)角parallel平行proposition命題theorem定理translation平移orderedpair有序數(shù)對rectangularcoordinatesystem平面直角坐標系x-axisx軸y-axisy軸coordinate坐標quadrant象限triangle三角形altitude高median中線bisectorofangle角平分線polygon多邊形diagonal對角線regularpolygon正多邊形linearequationoftwounknowns二元一次方程systemoflinearequationoftwounknowns二元一次方程組substitutionmethod代入法addition-substitutionmethod加減法inequality不等式solutionset解集linearinequalityofoneunknown一元一次不等式systemoflinearinequalityofoneunknown一元一次不等式組statistics統(tǒng)計學bargraph條形圖piechart扇形圖samplingsurvey抽樣調(diào)查population總體individual個體sample樣本samplesize樣本容量simplerandomsampling簡單隨機抽樣frequencydistribution頻數(shù)分布histogram直方圖variable變量constant常量independentvariable自變量function函數(shù)graph圖象proportionalfunction正比例函數(shù)linearfunction一次函數(shù)frequency頻數(shù)bargraph條形圖piechart扇形圖frequencydistribution頻數(shù)分布histogram直方圖congruentfigures全等形congruenttriangles全等三角形symmetricfigure軸對稱圖形axisofsymmetry對稱軸symmetricpoints對稱點perpendicularbisector垂直平分線isoscelestriangle等腰三角形equilateraltriangle等邊三角形monomial單項式coefficient系數(shù)degree次數(shù)polynomial多項式term項constantterm常數(shù)項integralexpression整式formulaforthedifferenceofthesquares平方差公式formulaforthesquareofsum完全平方公式factoring因式分解commonfactor公因式fraction分式reductionofafraction約分fractioninlowestterms最簡分式reductionoffractionstoacommondenominator通分fractionalequation分式方程inverseproportionalfunction反比例函數(shù)hyperbola雙曲線parallelogram平行四邊形rectangle矩形rhombus菱形square正方形trapezium梯形isoscelestrapezium等腰梯形barycenter重心weightedaverage加權平均數(shù)weight權median中位數(shù)mode眾數(shù)range極差variance方差algebraicexpression代數(shù)式quadraticequationinoneunknown一元二次方程root根rotation旋轉(zhuǎn)centralsymmetry中心對稱centralsymmetryfigure中心對稱圖形circle圓centerofacircle圓心radius半徑chord弦diameter直徑arc弧semi-circle半圓centralangle圓心角angleinacircularsegment圓周角circumcircle外接圓circumcenter外心tangentline切線inscribedcircle內(nèi)切圓incenter內(nèi)心randomevent隨機事件probability概率treediagram樹形圖quadraticfunction二次函數(shù)similarfigures相似圖形similarpolygons相似多邊形proportionalsegments比例線段similarityratio相似比similartriangles相似三角形homotheticfigures位似圖形sine正弦cosine余弦tangent正切trigonometricfunctionofacuteangle銳角三角函數(shù)projection投影parallelprojection平行投影centerprojection中心投影view視圖physics物理學sound聲vibration振動medium介質(zhì)soundwave聲波pitch音調(diào)frequency頻率hertz赫茲supersonicwave超聲波infrasonicwave次聲波loudness響度amplitude振幅musicalquality音色noise噪聲decibel分貝lightray光線reflection反射reflectionlaw反射定律image像virtualimage虛像refraction折射dispersion色散spectrum光譜infraredray紅外線ultravioletray紫外線lens透鏡convexlens凸透鏡concavelens凹透鏡opticalcenter光心focus焦點focallength焦距realimage實像thermometer溫度計melting熔化solidification凝固crystal晶體noncrystal非晶體meltingpoint熔點vaporization汽化liquefaction液化boiling沸騰boilingpoint沸點evaporation蒸發(fā)sublimation升華electriccharge電荷positivecharge正電荷negativecharge負電荷electron電子conductor導體insulator絕緣體powersupply電源electriccircuit電路seriesconnection串聯(lián)parallelconnection并聯(lián)electriccurrent電流ampere安培voltage電壓volt伏特resistance電阻ohm歐姆Ohmlaw歐姆定律shortcircuit短路joule焦耳electricpower電功率watt瓦特ratedvoltage額定電壓ratedpower額定功率Joulelaw焦耳定律magneticpole磁極southpole南極northpole北極magnetization磁化magneticfield磁場magneticinductionline磁感線geomagneticfield地磁場solenoid螺線管coil線圈electromagnet電磁鐵electromagneticinduction電磁感應inductioncurrent感應電流alternativecurrent交變電流frequency頻率hertz赫茲telephone電話analogsignal模擬信號digitalsignal數(shù)字信號electromagneticwave電磁波audiofrequency音頻videofrequency視頻radio-frequency射頻microwave微波laser激光opticalfiber光導纖維e-mail電子郵件Internet因特網(wǎng)universe宇宙Galaxy銀河系Sun太陽Earth地球molecule分子mass質(zhì)量graphics圖象density密度mechanicalmotion機械運動referenceobject參照物velocity速度uniformrectilinearmotion勻速直線運動InternationalSystemofUnits(SI)國際單位制meter米second秒force力newton牛頓Newtonfirstlawofmotion牛頓第一定律inertia慣性lawofinertia慣性定律equilibrium平衡elasticforce彈力universalgravity萬有引力gravity重力centerofgravity重心frictionforce摩擦力lever杠桿pressure壓強pascal帕斯卡atmospherepressure大氣壓barometer氣壓計buoyancy浮力work功joule焦耳power功率watt瓦特energy能量kineticenergy動能potentialenergy勢能mechanicenergy機械能diffusion擴散thermalmovement熱運動internalenergy內(nèi)能quantityofheat熱量specificheat比熱容efficiency效率lawofenergyconservation能量守恒定律nuclearenergy核能fission裂變chainreaction鏈式反應fusion聚變SiteofPompeii龐貝古城carbonmonoxide一氧化碳carbondioxide二氧化碳neutron中字element元素periodictableofelements元素周期表symbolsforelements元素符號molecule分子decompositionreaction分解反應combinationreaction化合反應valence化合價compound化合物chemistry化學chemicalreaction化學反應chemicalequation化學方程式chemicalformula化學式chemicalproperty化學性質(zhì)naturalgas天然氣water水methane甲烷electron電子petroleum石油graphite石墨autoignition自燃gasoline汽油substance純凈物reductionreaction還原反應elementarysubstance單質(zhì)physicalproperty物理性質(zhì)air空氣proton質(zhì)子massfraction質(zhì)量分數(shù)lawofconservationofmass質(zhì)量守恒定律diamond金剛石hydrogen氫氣relativemolecularmass相對分子質(zhì)量relativeatomicmass相對原子質(zhì)量atom原子atomicgroup原子團atomicnucleus原子核oxidationreaction氧化反應oxygen氧氣ion離子energysources能源mixture混合物hardwater硬水raregas稀有氣體coal煤carbon碳fuel燃料combustion燃燒explosion爆炸metal金屬iron鐵copper銅aluminum鋁steel鋼titanium鈦alloy合金displacementreaction置換反應metalactivityseries金屬活動性順序solvent溶劑solute溶質(zhì)solution溶液saturatedsolution飽和溶液unsaturatedsolution不飽和溶液solubility溶解度sodiumchloride氯化鈉potassiumnitrate硝酸鉀crystallization結(jié)晶massfractionofsolute溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分數(shù)acid酸alkali堿phenolphthalein酚酞litmus石蕊acid-baseindicator酸堿指示劑hydrochloricacid鹽酸sulfuricacid硫酸nitricacid硝酸sodiumhydroxide氫氧化鈉calciumhydroxide氫氧化鈣deliquescence潮解neutralizationreaction中和反應chemicalfertilizer化學肥料agriculturalchemicals農(nóng)藥protein蛋白質(zhì)aminoacid氨基酸enzyme酶carbohydrate糖類glucose葡萄糖sucrose蔗糖starch淀粉organiccompound有機化合物syntheticmaterial合成材料polymer高分子化合物plastic塑料syntheticfiber合成纖維syntheticrubber合成橡膠degradableplastics可降解塑料composite復合材料biologicaldiversity生物多樣性irritability應激性growth生長reproduction繁殖metabolism新陳代謝biology生物學cell細胞unicellularorganism單細胞生物multicellularorganism多細胞生物cellmembrane細胞膜nucleus細胞核cytoplasm細胞質(zhì)cellwall細胞壁vacuole液泡CellTheory細胞學說tissue組織organ器官photosynthesis光合作用chlorophyll葉綠素leaf葉stoma氣孔mesophyll葉肉chloroplast葉綠體vein葉脈respiration呼吸作用vessel導管sievetube篩管embryo胚vegetation植被liver肝臟digestion消化stomach胃absorption吸收blood血液bloodplasma血漿erythrocyte紅細胞hemoglobin血紅蛋白leukocyte白細胞bloodplatelet血小板artery動脈vein靜脈capillary毛細血管heart心臟bloodpressure血壓pulse脈搏respiration呼吸作用lung肺excretion排泄kidney腎臟skin皮膚neuron神經(jīng)元nerve神經(jīng)reflex反射reflexarc反射弧brain腦eye眼ear耳hormone激素antibody抗體antigen抗原immunity免疫swim游泳bone骨articulation關節(jié)skeleton骨骼reproduction生殖growth生長development發(fā)育sperm精子ovum卵細胞fertilizedovum受精卵pregnancy妊娠placenta胎盤menstruation變態(tài)asexualreproduction無性生殖fission分裂生殖budding出芽生殖spore孢子traits性狀heredity遺傳variation變異genetics遺傳學chromosomes染色體gene基因genome基因組allele等位基因genotype基因型phenotype表現(xiàn)型sexchromosomes性染色體evolution進化fossil化石race人種kingdom界phylum門class綱order目family科genus屬species種invertebrate無脊椎動物vertebrate脊椎動物mammals哺乳動物ecosystem生態(tài)系統(tǒng)producers生產(chǎn)者consumers消費者decomposer分解者foodchain食物鏈foodweb食物網(wǎng)biotechnology生物技術modernbiotechnology現(xiàn)代生物技術geography地理globe地球儀earth‘saxis地軸SouthPole南極NorthPole北極parallel緯線latitude緯度Equator赤道TropicofCancer北回歸線TropicofCapricorn南回歸線Arcticcircle極圈meridianline經(jīng)線longitude經(jīng)度primemeridian本初子午線rotationoftheearth地球自轉(zhuǎn)revolutionoftheearth地球公轉(zhuǎn)tropicalzone熱帶temperatezone溫帶frigidzone寒帶map地圖scale比例尺legend圖例relief地形heightabovesealevel海拔contour等高線depthcontour等深線profile剖面圖mountains山地plain平原plateau高原basin盆地hill丘陵continent大陸Asia亞洲Africa非洲Europe歐洲NorthAmerica北美洲SouthAmerica南美洲Oceania大洋洲Antarctica南極洲peninsula半島island島嶼ocean大洋PacificOcean太平洋AtlanticOcean大西洋IndianOcean印度洋ArcticOcean北冰洋strait海峽plate板塊volcano火山earthquake地震weather天氣weatherforecast天氣預報climate氣候airtemperature氣溫amountofprecipitation降水量birthrate出生率deathrate死亡率naturalgrowthrateofpopulation人口自然增長率populationdensity人口密度race人種Christianity基督教Islam伊斯蘭教Buddhism佛教settlement聚落ruralarea鄉(xiāng)村urbanarea城市countryandarea國家和地區(qū)nationalboundaries國界territory領土developingcountry發(fā)展中國家developedcountry發(fā)達國家UnitedNation聯(lián)合國EastAsia東亞SoutheastAsia東南亞SouthAsia南亞WestAsia西亞NorthAsia北亞MiddleAsia中亞UralskivKhr.烏拉爾山CaspianSea里海SuezCanal蘇伊士運河DeadSea死海QingzangGaoyuan青藏高原Himalayas喜馬拉雅山QomolangmaPk.珠穆朗瑪峰PamirPlateau帕米爾高原WestSiberianPlain西西伯利亞平原DeccanPlateau德干高原Ob鄂畢河MekongRiver湄公河Ganges恒河IndusRiver印度河Oz.Baykal貝加爾湖Japan日本Tokyo東京IndochinaPeninsula中南半島MalayArchipelago馬來群島StraitofMalacca馬六甲海峽Vietnam越南Cambodia柬埔寨Thailand泰國Indonesia印度尼西亞Malaysia馬來西亞Singapore新加坡India印度Pakistan巴基斯坦Bangladesh孟加拉國Bombay孟買Calcutta加爾各答NewDelhi新德里Russia俄羅斯Moscow莫斯科Ukraine烏克蘭Volga伏爾加河SanktPetersburg圣彼得堡Vladivostok符拉迪沃斯托克（海參崴）PersianGulf波斯灣MediterraneanSea地中海BlackSea黑海RedSea紅海StraitofGibraltar直布羅陀海峽Euphrates幼發(fā)拉底河Tigris底格里斯河Nile尼羅河Iran伊朗Iraq伊拉克Turkey土耳其Egypt埃及Palestine巴勒斯坦Israel以色列Kuwait科威特SaudiAraba沙特阿拉伯Makkah麥加Jerusalem耶路撒冷EuropeanUnion(EU)歐洲聯(lián)盟Alps阿爾卑斯山脈Maritimeclimate海洋性氣候UnitedKingdom英國London倫敦France法國Paris巴黎Germany德國Berlin柏林Norway挪威Switzerland瑞士Netherlands荷蘭Sweden瑞典Italy意大利Rome羅馬SaharaDesert撒哈拉沙漠C.ofGoodHope好望角KilimanjaroMountain乞力馬扎羅山Australia澳大利亞Sydney悉尼Canberra堪培拉GulfofMexico墨西哥灣RockyMountains落基山脈AppalachianMountains阿巴拉契亞山脈Mississippi密西西比河LakeSuperior蘇比利爾湖LakeMichigan密歇根湖LakeHuron休倫湖LakeErie伊利湖LakeOntario安大略湖UnitedStates美國Washington華盛頓NewYork紐約Chicago芝加哥SanFrancisco圣弗朗西斯科（舊金山）LosAngeles洛杉磯LatinAmerica拉丁美洲CaribbeanSea加勒比海RiverAmazonas亞馬孫河AmazonBasin亞馬孫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althofIndependentStates(CIS)獨立國家聯(lián)合體JawaharlalNehru尼赫魯SuezCanal蘇伊士運河PanamaCanal巴拿馬運河TheNon-AlignedMovement不結(jié)盟運動G