國家開發(fā)銀行招聘考試筆試真題

》》》》》》歷年考試真題——2025年最新整理《《《《《《》》》》》》歷年考試真題——2025年最新整理《《《《《《/》》》》》》歷年考試真題——2025年最新整理《《《《《《國家開發(fā)銀行招聘考試筆試真題

第一部分

英語能力測試（限時(shí)60分鐘）

一、單項(xiàng)選擇題（共20題）

1.Georgetook________ofthefineweathertodoaday’sworkinhisgarden.

A.advantageB.profit

C.possessionD.charge

2.Thebellrangandeverystudenthadto________theirexaminationpapers.

A.giveupB.giveaway

C.giveoutD.givein

3.Thecommitteeistotallyopposed________anychangesbeingmadeintheplans.

A.ofB.onC.toD.against

4.MytrainarrivesinNewYorkateighto’clocktonight.TheplaneIwouldliketotakefromthere________bythen.

A.wouldleaveB.willhaveleft

C.hasleftD.hadleft

5.________hedoesgetannoyedwithhersometimes.

A.AshelikeshermuchB.Althoughmuchhelikesher

C.MuchashelikesherD.Muchalthoughhelikesher

6.Themerefact________mostpeoplebelievenuclearwarwouldbemaddoesnotmeanthatitwillnotoccur.

A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whose

7.Hamletisjustan________characterinthenovel.

A.imaginativeB.imagined

C.imaginaryD.imaginable

8.Thenewmovie________tobeoneofthebiggestmoney-makersofalltime.

A.promisesB.agrees

C.pretendsD.refuses

9.Doesyourhometownhaveanunofficialname?________,whatdoesitsayabouttheareaandthepeoplewholivethere?

A.AndyetB.OrelseC.IfsoD.Stillworse

10.Athiefwhobrokeintoachurchwascaughtbecausetracesofwax,foundonhisclothes,________fromthesortofcandlesusedonlyinchurches.

A.hadcomeB.comingC.comeD.thatcome

11.Wewereastonished________thetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.

A.findingB.tofindC.findD.tobefound

12.Insomecountries,________iscalledequalitydoesnotreallymeanequalrightsforallpeople.

A.whichB.whatC.thatD.one

13.Somestateshaveanincometax________tothatofthefederalgovernment.

A.sameB.similarC.alikeD.likely

14.Theteacher________hislessonwithpictures.

A.illustratedB.explained

C.illustrationD.illuminated

15.EncounterEnvironmentalToursofferstripstosomeofthemostbeautifulandisolatedwildernessesintheworld________allthecomfortsoffive-staraccommodations.

A.bothB.plusC.thoughD.together

16.There’salotoffoodleftoverfromtheparty;you________somanydishes.

A.wouldhavepreparedB.needn’thaveprepared

C.mighthavepreparedD.couldn’thaveprepared

17.This

programme

will

examine

the

writer’s

books

in

detail,________an

introductionto

her

life.

A.followingB.havingfollowed

C.beingfollowedD.tobefollowed

18.Iboughtanewbicycle,________wasveryhigh.

A.thepriceofwhichB.whichprice

C.priceofwhichD.whichtheprice

19.Facedwiththecrisis,Monicalookedpale,butquite________.

A.scaryB.frightened

C.crazyD.calm

20.Itwouldbeunwiseto________toomuchimportancetotheseopinionpolls.

A.stickB.payC.applyD.attach

二、完形填空題（共20題）

The

gift

of

being

able

to

describe

a

face

accurately

is

a

rare

one.

As

a

professor_21_it

recently:

“Whenwetrytodescribefacespreciselywords_22_us,andwe_23_to

identikit

（拼臉型圖）procedures.”

_24_accordingtoaresearch_25_thissubject,wecaneachprobablyrecognizemore

than1,000faces,themajorityofwhichdifferin_26_details.This,whenonecomestothinkofit,is

a_27_feat,though,curiouslyenough,relativelylittleattentionhasbeendevotedtothe

fundamentalproblemsofhowandwhywe_28_thisgiftforrecognizingandrememberingfaces.

Somescientistsarguethatitisan

inborn_29_.

and

that

there

are

“specialcharacteristicsabout

the

brain’s_30_to

distinguish

faces”.

On

the

other

hand,

there

are

those,

and

they

areprobably_31_themajority,whoclaimthatthegiftisanacquiredone.

But_32_all

these

arguments,

sight

is

predominant._33_at

the

very

beginning

of

life,

theability

to

recognize

faces

quickly

becomes

an_34_habit,

one

that

is

essential

for

daily

living,

ifnot_35_

for

survival.

How

essential

and

valuable

it

is

we

probably

do

not_36_until

we

en-counter

people

who

have

been_37_of

the

faculty

（能力）.This

unfortunate

inability

to

recognizefamiliarfacesisknowntoall,_38_

suchpeoplecanoftenrecognizeindividualsbytheirvoicesortheirwalkingmanners.Withtypicalhuman_39_manyoftheseunfortunatepeopleovercometheirhandicapbyrecognizingother_40_features.

21.A.describedB.saidC.putD.talkedabout

22.A.takeB.fail

C.help

D.desert

23.A.resortB.seekC.moveD.react

24.A.YetB.ConsequentlyC.InadditionD.Incontrast

25.A.ofB.aboutC.inD.on

26.A.goodB.delicateC.fineD.high

27.A.enormousB.bigC.giganticD.tremendous

28.A.acquireB.attainC.gainD.take

29.A.possessionB.propertyC.activityD.action

30.A.abilityB.capabilityC.competenceD.capacity

31.A.onB.ofC.inD.at

32.A.ofB.inC.amongD.outof

33.A.CreatedB.FormedC.MadeD.Molded

34.A.acceptedB.inbornC.establishedD.innate

35.A.essentiallyB.importantlyC.significantlyD.necessarily

36.A.valueB.appreciateC.adoreD.admire

37.A.takenB.robbedC.deprivedD.seized

38.A.butB.thereforeC.inadditionD.so

39.A.clevernessB.ingenuityC.smartnessD.intelligence

40.A.specialB.generalC.characteristicD.particular

三、閱讀理解題（共20題）

Passage1

Scientistshavefoundthatalthoughwearepronetosnapoverreactions,ifwetakeamomentandthinkabouthowwearelikelytoreact,wecanreduceoreveneliminatethenegativeeffectsofourquick,hard-wiredresponses.

Snapdecisionscanbeimportantdefensemechanisms;ifwearejudgingwhethersomeoneisdangerous,ourbrainsandbodiesarehard-wiredtoreactveryquickly,withinmilliseconds.Butweneedmoretimetoassessotherfactors.Toaccuratelytellwhethersomeoneissociable,studiesshow,weneedatleastaminute,preferablyfive.Ittakesawhiletojudgecomplexaspectsofpersonality,likeneuroticismoropen-mindedness.

But

snap

decisions

in

reaction

to

rapid

stimuli

aren’t

exclusive

to

the

interpersonal

realm.Psychologists

at

the

University

of

Toronto

found

that

viewing

a

fast-food

logo

for

just

a

fewmilliseconds

primes

us

to

read

20

percent

faster,

even

though

reading

has

little

to

do

with

eating.We

unconsciously

associate

fast

food

with

speed

and

impatience

and

carry

those

impulses

intowhateverelsewe’redoing.Subjectsexposedtofast-foodflashesalsotendtothinkamusicalpiecelaststoolong.

Yetwecanreversesuchinfluences.Ifweknowwewilloverreacttoconsumerproductsorhousingoptionswhenweseeahappyface(onereasongoodsalesrepresentativesandrealestateagentsarealwayssmiling),wecantakeamomentbeforebuying.Ifweknowfemalejobscreenersaremorelikelytorejectattractivefemaleapplicants,wecanhelpscreenersunderstandtheirbiases—orhireoutsidescreeners.

JohnGottman,themarriageexpert,explainsthatwequickly“thinslice”informationreliablyonlyafterwegroundsuchsnapreactionsin“thicksliced”long-termstudy.WhenDr.Gottmanreallywantstoassesswhetheracouplewillstaytogether,heinvitesthemtohisislandretreatforamuchlongerevaluation:twodays,nottwoseconds.

Ourabilitytomuteourhard-wiredreactionsbypausingiswhatdifferentiatesusfromanimals:dogs

can

think

about

the

future

only

intermittently

or

for

a

few

minutes.

But

historically

we

havespent

about

12

percent

of

our

days

contemplating

the

longer

term.

Although

technology

mightchange

the

way

we

react,

it

hasn’t

changed

our

nature.

We

still

have

the

imaginative

capacity

toriseabovetemptationandreversethehigh-speedtrend.

41.Thetimeneededinmakingdecisionsmay________.

A.varyaccordingtotheurgencyofthesituation

B.provethecomplexityofourbrainreaction

C.dependontheimportanceoftheassessment

D.predeterminetheaccuracyofourjudgment

42.Ourreactiontoafast-foodlogoshowsthatsnapdecisions________.

A.canbeassociativeB.arenotunconscious

C.canbedangerousD.arenotimpulsive

43.Toreversethenegativeinfluencesofsnapdecisions,weshould________.

A.trustourfirstimpressionB.doaspeopleusuallydo

C.thinkbeforeweactD.askforexpertadvice

44.JohnGottmansaysthatreliablesnapreactionsarebasedon________.

A.criticalassessmentB.

“thin

sliced”study

C.sensibleexplanationD.adequateinformation

45.Theauthor’sattitudetowardreversingthehigh-speedtrendis________.

A.tolerantB.uncertain

C.optimisticD.doubtful

Passage2

Americans

no

longer

expect

public

figures,

whether

in

speech

or

in

writing,

to

command

theEnglishlanguagewithskillandgift.Nordotheyaspiretosuchcommandthemselves.Inhislatestbook,DoingOurOwnThing:TheDegradationofLanguageandMusic

and

Why

We

Should,

Like,Care,JohnMcWhorter,alinguistandcontroversialistofmixedliberalandconservativeviews,seesthetriumphof1960scounter-cultureasresponsibleforthedeclineofformalEnglish.

Blamingthepermissive1960sisnothingnew,butthisisnotyetanothercriticismagainstthedeclineineducation.Mr.McWhorter’sacademicspecialityislanguagehistoryandchange,andheseesthegradualdisappearanceof“whom”,forexample,tobenaturalandnomoreregrettablethanthelossofthecase-endingsofOldEnglish.

Butthecultoftheauthenticandthepersonal,“doingourownthing”,hasspeltthedeathofformalspeech,writing,poetryandmusic.Whileeventhemodestlyeducatedsoughtanelevatedtonewhentheyputpentopaperbeforethe1960s,eventhemostwellregardedwritingsincethenhassoughttocapturespokenEnglishonthepage.Equally,inpoetry,thehighlypersonal,performativegenreistheonlyformthatcouldclaimrealliveliness.InbothoralandwrittenEnglish,

talking

istriumphingoverspeaking,spontaneityovercraft.

Illustratedwithanentertainingarrayofexamplesfrombothhighandlowculture,thetrendthatMr.McWhorterdocumentsisunmistakable.Butitislessclear,totakethequestionofhissubtitle,whyweshould,like,care.Asalinguist,heacknowledgesthatallvarietiesofhumanlanguage,

including

non-standard

ones

like

Black

English,

can

be

powerfully

expressive—thereexistsnolanguageordialectintheworldthatcannotconveycomplexideas.Heisnotarguing,asmanydo,thatwecannolongerthinkstraightbecausewedonottalk

proper.

Russianshaveadeeplovefortheirownlanguageandcarrylargechunksofmemorizedpoetryin

their

heads,

while

Italian

politicians

tend

to

elaborate

speech

that

would

seem

old-fashioned

tomostEnglish-speakers.Mr.McWhorteracknowledgesthatformallanguageisnotstrictlynecessary,andproposesnoradicaleducationreforms—heisreallygrievingoverthelossof

somethingbeautifulmorethanuseful.WenowtakeourEnglish“onpaperplatesinsteadofchina”.Ashame,perhaps,

but

probably

an

inevitableone.

46.AccordingtoMcWhorter,thedeclineofformal

English________.

A.isinevitableinradicaleducationreforms

B.isbutalltoonaturalinlanguagedevelopment

C.hascausedthecontroversyoverthecounter-culture

D.broughtaboutchangesinpublicattitudesinthe1960s

47.Theword“talking”(Para.3)

denotes________.

A.modestyB.personality

C.livelinessD.informality

48.TowhichofthefollowingstatementswouldMcWhortermostlikelyagree?

A.Logicalthinkingisnotnecessarilyrelatedtothewaywetalk.

B.BlackEnglishcanbemoreexpressivethanstandardEnglish.

C.Non-standardvarietiesofhumanlanguagearejustasentertaining.

D.Ofallthevarieties,standardEnglishcanbestconveycomplexideas.

49.ThedescriptionofRussians’loveofmemorizingpoetryshowstheauthor’s________.

A.interestintheirlanguage

B.appreciationoftheirefforts

C.admirationfortheirmemory

D.contemptfortheirold-fashionedness

50.Accordingtothelastparagraph,“paperplates”isto“china”as________.

A.

“temporary”

is

to“permanent”

B.

“radical”

is

to“conservative”

C.“functional”isto

“artistic”

D.“humble”isto

“noble”

Passage3

Lonelypeople,itseems,areatgreaterriskthanthegregariousofdevelopingillnessesassociatedwithchronicinflammation,suchasheartdiseaseandcertaincancers.ApaperpublishedlastyearinthePublicLibraryofScience,Medicine,showstheeffectonmortalityoflonelinessiscomparablewiththatofsmokinganddrinkingafterexaminingtheresultsof148previousstudiesandcontrolledforfactorssuchasageandpre-existing

illness.

StevenColeoftheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,thinkshemayknowwhythisisso.HetoldtheAmericanAssociationfortheAdvancementofSciencemeetinginWashington,D.C.,abouthisworkstudyingtheexpressionofgenesinlonelypeople.Dr.Coleharvestedsamplesofwhitebloodcellsfrombothlonelyandgregariouspeople.Hethenanalysedtheactivityoftheirgenes,asmeasuredbytheproductionofasubstancecalledmessengerRNA.Thismoleculecarriesinstructionsfromthegenestellingacellwhichproteinstomake.ThelevelofmessengerRNAfrommostgeneswasthesameinbothtypesofpeople.Therewereseveraldozengenes,however,thatwerelessactiveinthelonely,andseveraldozenothersthatweremoreactive.Moreover,boththelessactiveandthemoreactivegenetypescamefromasmallnumberoffunctionalgroups.

Broadlyspeaking,thegeneslessactiveinthelonelywerethoseinvolvedinstavingoffviralinfections.Thosethatweremoreactivewereinvolvedinprotectingagainstbacteria.Dr.Colesuspectsthiscouldhelpexplainnotonlywhythelonelyareiller,buthow,inevolutionaryterms,thisoddstateofaffairshascomeabout.

Thecrucialbitofthepuzzleisthatviruseshavetobecaughtfromanotherinfectedindividualandtheyareusuallyspecies-specific.Bacteria,incontrast,oftenjustlurkintheenvironment,andmaythriveonmanyhosts.Thegregariousarethereforeatgreaterriskthanthelonelyofcatchingviruses,andDr.Colethussuggeststhatpastevolutionhascreatedamechanismwhichcauseswhitecellstorespondappropriately.Conversely,thelonelyarebetterofframpinguptheirprotectionagainstbacterialinfection,whichisabiggerrelativerisktothem.

What

Dr.

Cole

seems

to

have

revealed,

then,

is

a

mechanism

by

which

social

environmentreaches

inside

a

person’s

body

and

tweaks

its

genome

so

that

it

responds

appropriately.

It

is

notthatthelonelyandthegregariousaregeneticallydifferent

from

each

other.

Rather,

their

genes

areregulated

differently,

according

to

how

sociable

an

individual

is.

Dr.

Cole

thinks

this

regulation

is

partofawidermechanismthattunesindividualstothecircumstancestheyfindthemselves

in.

51.Whatriskmaylonelypeoplerunaccordingtothefirstparagraph?

A.Theycanhavethesameriskasthegregarious.

B.Theymayhavesymbolsofearlyaging.

C.Theymayfallvictimtochronicillnesses.

D.Theymayundergomoresevereillnesses.

52.Dr.Colemadeananalysisoftheactivityofthegenesby________.

A.measuringthelevelofmessengerRNA

B.calculatingthenumberofmoreactivegenetypes

C.instructingtheproductionofcertainproteins

D.comparinglessactivegeneswithmoreactiveones

53.Broadlyspeaking,thegenesmoreactiveinthelonely________.

A.helpedtoavoidinfectionsresultingfromviruses

B.participatedinguardingagainstbacteria

C.camefromafewdifferentfunctionalgroups

D.existedonlyasasmallgroup

54.Whatcanweknowaboutvirusesandbacteriafromthefourthparagraph?

A.Virusesoftenremainhiddenintheenvironment.

B.Bacteriaarepassedtootherpeoplebytheinfectedindividual.

C.Thelonelypeoplecancatchvirusesmoreeasily.

D.Virusesposeagreaterthreattothegregariousthanbacteria.

55.WhatmessagedoesDr.Coleseemtoconveybythemechanism?

A.Thelonelypeopledifferingenesfromthegregariouspeople.

B.Sociabilitycanadjustaperson’sgenomeandmakeitworkproperly.

C.Thelonelypeoplecanbecomesociableiftheyregulatetheirgenes.

D.Individualshavetofindtheirownwaystoadapttotheenvironment.

Passage4

Thateveryone’stoobusythesedaysisacliché.Butonespecificcomplaintismadeespeciallymournfully:There’sneveranytimetoread.

What

makes

the

problem

thornier

is

that

the

usual

time-management

techniques

don’t

seemsufficient.Theweb’sfullofarticlesofferingtipsonmakingtimetoread;

“GiveupTV”or“Carrya

book

with

you

at

all

times.”

But

in

my

experience,

using

such

methods

to

free

up

the

odd

30minutesdoesn’twork.Sitdowntoreadandtheflywheelofwork-relatedthoughtskeepsspinning—or

else

you’re

so

exhausted

that

a

challenging

book’s

the

last

thing

you

need.

The

modern

mind,TimParks,anovelistandcritic,writes,

“isoverwhelminglyinclinedtowardcommunication...Itisnotsimplythatoneisinterrupted;itisthatoneisactuallyinclinedtointerruption.”

Deepreadingrequires

not

just

time,

but

a

special

kind

of

time

which

can’t

be

obtained

merely

by

becomingmoreefficient.

Infact,“becomingmoreefficient”ispartoftheproblem.Thinkingoftimeasaresourcetobemaximised

means

you

approach

it

instrumentally,

judging

any

given

moment

as

well

spent

only

insofarasitadvancesprogresstowardsomegoal.Immersivereading,bycontrast,dependsonbeingwillingtoriskinefficiency,goallessness,eventime-wasting.Trytoslotitinasato-dolistitemandyou’llmanageonlygoal-focusedreading—useful,sometimesbutnotthemostfulfillingkind.

“Thefuture

comes

at

us

like

empty

bottles

along

an

unstoppable

and

nearly

infinite

conveyor

belt,”writes

Gary

Eberle

in

his

book

Sacred

Time,

and

“we

feel

a

pressure

to

fill

these

different-sizedbottles(days,hours,minutes)astheypass,foriftheygetbywithoutbeingfilled,wewillhavewastedthem.”Nomind-setcouldbeworseforlosingyourslefinabook.

So

what

does

work?

Perhaps

surprisingly,

scheduling

regular

times

for

reading.

You’d

thinkthismightfueltheefficiencymind-set,butinfact,Eberlenotes,suchritualisticbehaviorhelpsus“stepoutsidetime’sflow”into

“soultime.”Youcouldlimitdistractionsbyreadingonlyphysicalbooks,oronsingle-purposee-readers.“Carryabookwithyouatalltimes”canactuallywork,too—providingyoudipinoftenenough,sothatreadingbecomes

the

default

state

from

which

you

tem-porarily

surface

to

take

care

of

business,

before

dropping

back

down.

On

a

really

good

day,

it

nolongerfeelsasifyou’re

“makingtimetoread”,butjustreading,andmakingtimeforeverythingelse.

56.Theusualtime-managementtechniquesdon’tworkbecause________.

A.whattheycanofferdoesnoteasethemodernmind

B.whatpeopleoftenforgetiscarryingabookwiththem

C.whatchallengingbooksdemandisrepetitivereading

D.whatdeepreadingrequirescannotbeguaranteed

57.The“emptybottles”metaphorillustratesthatpeoplefeelapressureto________.

A.updatetheirto-dolistsB.makepassingtimefulfilling

C.carrytheirplansthroughD.pursuecarefreereading

58.Fberlewouldagreethatschedulingregulartimesforreadinghelps________.

A.promoteritualisticreading

B.encouragetheefficiencymind-set

C.developonlinereadinghabits

D.achieveimmersivereading

59.“Carryabookwithyouatalltimes”canwork

if________.

A.readingbecomesyourprimarybusinessoftheday

B.allthedailybusinesshasbeenpromptlydealtwith

C.youareabletodropbacktobusinessafterreading

D.timecanbeevenlysplitforreadingandbusiness

60.Thebesttitleforthistextcouldbe________.

A.HowtoEnjoyEasy

ReadingB.HowtoSetReading

Goals

C.HowtoFindTimeto

ReadD.HowtoRead

Extensively第二部分

綜合能力測試（限時(shí)60分鐘）

一、常識判斷題（共20題）

1.2017年中央經(jīng)濟(jì)工作會議指出，我國經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行面臨的突出矛盾和問題，根源是重大結(jié)構(gòu)性失衡。根據(jù)會議精神，下列關(guān)于解決重大結(jié)構(gòu)性失衡的說法，正確的是（）。

A.主攻方向是提升需求數(shù)量，就是要重點(diǎn)提高有效需求

B.著力提升整個(gè)供給體系的質(zhì)量，提高需求結(jié)構(gòu)對供給結(jié)構(gòu)的適應(yīng)性

C.從供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革上想辦法，努力實(shí)現(xiàn)供求關(guān)系新的動態(tài)平衡

D.根本途徑是深化改革，完善政府在資源配置中起決定性作用的體制機(jī)制

2.一個(gè)國家發(fā)展到中等收入階段（人均國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值3000美元左右）后，可能走入中等收入的陷阱。下列不屬于當(dāng)前我國防范“中等收入陷阱”措施的是（）。

A.放慢城市化進(jìn)程，防止過度城市化

B.擴(kuò)大和完善國內(nèi)市場

C.縮小收入分配差距

D.優(yōu)化產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)

3.國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值（GDP）是國民經(jīng)濟(jì)核算體系中最重要的一個(gè)總量指標(biāo)。下列關(guān)于GDP的說法正確的是（）。

A.衡量的是社會中間產(chǎn)品、最終產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)價(jià)值

B.是一個(gè)市場價(jià)值的概念，計(jì)量單位是貨幣單位

C.是一定時(shí)期內(nèi)所實(shí)際銷售的最終產(chǎn)品價(jià)值

D.考察的是一國國民生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)的市場價(jià)值

4.下列關(guān)于市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的說法，正確的是（）。

A.市場通過價(jià)格調(diào)節(jié)來協(xié)調(diào)各個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)主體的決策

B.市場經(jīng)濟(jì)是一種自上而下的調(diào)節(jié)

C.市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體制上是一種保護(hù)型經(jīng)濟(jì)

D.市場經(jīng)濟(jì)制度對稀缺資源的配置是萬能的

5.下列不屬于通貨膨脹表現(xiàn)的是（）。

A.名義收入不變的情況下，實(shí)際收入下降

B.社會總需求持續(xù)小于社會總供給

C.物價(jià)上漲

D.貨幣購買力降低

6.關(guān)于最惠國待遇原則，下列說法錯誤的是（）。

A.最惠國待遇不適用于知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的所有者和持有者

B.任何成員在享受最惠國待遇權(quán)利的同時(shí)也承擔(dān)最惠國待遇義務(wù)

C.當(dāng)一成員國給予其他國家的某種優(yōu)惠自動轉(zhuǎn)給其他成員方時(shí)，其他標(biāo)準(zhǔn)必須相同

D.當(dāng)一成員國給予其他國家的優(yōu)惠超過其他國家成員享有的優(yōu)惠時(shí)，其他成員便自動享有這種優(yōu)惠

7.貨幣政策是宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)調(diào)控的重要手段之一。下列關(guān)于貨幣政策的表述錯誤的是（）。

A.經(jīng)濟(jì)過熱時(shí)適用緊縮性貨幣政策

B.經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條時(shí)適用擴(kuò)張性貨幣政策

C.發(fā)行貨幣債券是貨幣政策工具之一

D.我國貨幣政策調(diào)節(jié)的對象主要是貨幣供應(yīng)量

8.中央銀行為商業(yè)銀行承擔(dān)最后貸款人的角色。對此，下列說法正確的是（）。

A.中央銀行是唯一的最后貸款人

B.最后貸款人的過度援助容易導(dǎo)致金融機(jī)構(gòu)的道德風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，且中小銀行相對于大銀行更為明顯

C.中央銀行主要通過再貼現(xiàn)發(fā)揮最后貸款人的作用

D.最后貸款人的目標(biāo)是維護(hù)整個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)體系的整體利益，而不是救助某個(gè)特定的金融機(jī)構(gòu)

9.下列國際貿(mào)易政策中，屬于限制進(jìn)口的政策的是（）。

A.商品傾銷

B.外匯傾銷

C.出口信貸

D.進(jìn)口配額

10.在信息不對稱的情況下，履行合同過程中一方可能改變行為而損害另一方利益，這屬于（）。

A.逆向選擇

B.道德風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

C.外部性

D.政府失靈

11.理性經(jīng)濟(jì)人假設(shè)是現(xiàn)代西方經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論的邏輯基礎(chǔ)。對于該理論假設(shè)的理解，正確的是（）。

A.理性人假設(shè)意味著主張人人自私

B.完全“合乎理性的人”在現(xiàn)實(shí)中可能存在

C.經(jīng)濟(jì)主體追求的唯一目標(biāo)是自身經(jīng)濟(jì)利益的最大化

D.“理性人”假定人在面臨兩種以上選擇時(shí)，可能選擇對自己不利的方案

12.下列資產(chǎn)屬于非金融資產(chǎn)的是（）。

A.銀行存款

B.股票

C.無形資產(chǎn)

D.債券

13.銀行通過其在日常業(yè)務(wù)活動中發(fā)行銀行券和支票等信用工具，以及借助于支票流通，以超出自有資本和吸收的資金總額而擴(kuò)大信用時(shí)所發(fā)揮的一種職能，在金融中稱為（）。

A.信用創(chuàng)造

B.信用倍增

C.信用擴(kuò)張

D.信用增值

14.用來表示經(jīng)濟(jì)社會在既定資源和技術(shù)條件所生產(chǎn)的各種商品最大數(shù)量的組合，反映了資源稀缺性與選擇性的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)特征，該曲線稱為（）。

A.貿(mào)易選擇性曲線

B.生產(chǎn)組合性曲線

C.生產(chǎn)可能性曲線

D.貿(mào)易可能性曲線

15.下列關(guān)于外匯儲備的說法，錯誤的是（）。

A.外匯儲備是顯示一國經(jīng)濟(jì)、貨幣和國際收支等實(shí)力的重要指標(biāo)

B.外匯儲備是一國用于清償對外債務(wù)的外幣積累

C.一國所持有的外匯儲備越多對其國內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展越有利

D.各國政府管理和經(jīng)營外匯儲備，一般遵循安全性、流動性和盈利性的原則

16.在證券回購市場中，證券公司為籌措資金，而以附買回條件的方式賣出自己持有的債券，稱為（）。

A.直接回購

B.轉(zhuǎn)讓回購

C.證券公司回購

D.委托回購

17.恩格爾系數(shù)是衡量宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況的一個(gè)重要指標(biāo)。下列關(guān)于恩格爾系數(shù)的說法，正確的是（）。

①恩格爾系數(shù)用來綜合考察居民內(nèi)部收入分配差異狀況

②恩格爾系數(shù)是衡量一個(gè)國家貧富的指標(biāo)

③隨著國家的富裕程度加深，恩格爾系數(shù)呈下降趨勢

④恩格爾系數(shù)值越低，表明財(cái)富在社會成員之間的分配越均勻

A.①②

B.①③

C.②③

D.②④

18.下列城市中最先迎來一天中的黎明的是（）。

A.北京

B.烏魯木齊

C.上海

D.沈陽

19.下列科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)與科學(xué)家對應(yīng)錯誤的是（）。

A.光電效應(yīng)———圖靈

B.X射線———倫琴

C.條件反射學(xué)說———巴甫洛夫

D.鐳———瑪麗?居里

20.下列使用家電的方法，不恰當(dāng)?shù)氖牵ǎ?/p>

A.夏天開空調(diào)時(shí)關(guān)閉門窗以減少熱空氣滲入

B.梅雨季節(jié)經(jīng)常使用電視機(jī)以防內(nèi)部潮濕

C.用滾筒洗衣機(jī)洗滌毛料和絲綢的衣服

D.將剛煮的雞蛋放入冰箱內(nèi)降溫

二、選詞填空題（共10題）

21.歷史之所以被人敬而遠(yuǎn)之，是因?yàn)樗偸潜蝗薩_______，總是躲在書齋里面，普通大眾會覺得這東西離我們實(shí)在是太遙遠(yuǎn)了。

填入畫橫線部分最恰當(dāng)?shù)囊豁?xiàng)是（）。

A.改弦更張B.束之高閣C.熟視無睹D.改頭換面

22.古人曾將對待人生的態(tài)度分為三類：一類是“安命”，即________命運(yùn)的安排，不爭不抗；一類是“怨命”，即認(rèn)為命運(yùn)對自己不公，怨天尤人；一類是“造命”，即積極改變現(xiàn)狀，奮起與命運(yùn)抗?fàn)?。不難看出“安命”常使人________，“怨命”則使人淪陷，而“造命”無論成敗都會令人生放射出光芒。

填入畫橫線部分最恰當(dāng)?shù)囊豁?xiàng)是（）。

A.服從

平凡B.隨從

平庸C.聽從

悲觀D.依從

坦然

23.當(dāng)前環(huán)保監(jiān)察問責(zé)在問責(zé)程序上缺乏詳細(xì)可操作的規(guī)定，沒有形成完整的問責(zé)鏈條，特別是在追責(zé)事由的判斷上普遍使用“失誤”“失職”“不力”“失當(dāng)”“違反……規(guī)定”等表意________的詞語，這直接造成行政問責(zé)一直未能形成客觀化的________標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，同時(shí)在問責(zé)信息公開上也存在較大阻力，影響到環(huán)保督察問責(zé)的規(guī)范性、可信性與公信力，亟待加以完善。

填入畫橫線部分最恰當(dāng)?shù)囊豁?xiàng)是（）。

A.籠統(tǒng)

操作B.模糊

計(jì)量C.含混

判斷D.抽象

認(rèn)識

24.比起行業(yè)內(nèi)少數(shù)從業(yè)者服務(wù)態(tài)度不佳、欺客宰客等現(xiàn)象，這家餐廳的貼心服務(wù)可謂________了消費(fèi)者的痛點(diǎn)，其在服務(wù)上的一系列創(chuàng)新舉措，提升了消費(fèi)者體驗(yàn)，也是對消費(fèi)者的尊重和滿足，一度刷新了行業(yè)服務(wù)標(biāo)高。

填入畫橫線部分最恰當(dāng)?shù)囊豁?xiàng)是（）。

A.撫慰

要求B.解決

需求C.解除

預(yù)期D.觸碰

愿望

25.花茶甘涼而兼芳香辛散之氣，有利于散發(fā)________在人體內(nèi)的冬季寒邪，促進(jìn)體內(nèi)陽氣生發(fā)，令人________。

填入畫橫線部分最恰當(dāng)?shù)囊豁?xiàng)是（）。

A.沉積

耳聰目明B.積累

心曠神怡

C.堆積

豁然開朗D.積聚

神清氣爽

26.市場的博弈是導(dǎo)火索。

誰提供更誘人的套餐和資費(fèi)、更優(yōu)質(zhì)的服務(wù)，誰便可能擁有更大的市場份額———運(yùn)營商深諳這樣的市場規(guī)律，競爭對手的任何一個(gè)改變都可能引發(fā)“破窗效應(yīng)”。面對長途漫游費(fèi)，三大運(yùn)營商相繼________，其實(shí)是遵循市場規(guī)律的必然選擇。

填入畫橫線部分最恰當(dāng)?shù)囊豁?xiàng)是（）。

A.革舊圖新B.推陳出新C.棄之度外D.忍痛割愛

27.與先輩不同，這一新生代的中國研究人員不愿意________接受古籍中的描寫，在希冀精確追溯中國歷史的嘗試中，他們所________的是實(shí)物、數(shù)據(jù)以及更為“西式”的方法。

填入畫橫線部分最恰當(dāng)?shù)囊豁?xiàng)是（）。

A.直接擅長B.無端強(qiáng)調(diào)

C.被動依靠D.全盤倚重

28.土壤動物作為生態(tài)系統(tǒng)物質(zhì)循環(huán)中的重要消費(fèi)者，在生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中起著重要的作用。一方面積極同化各種有用物質(zhì)以________自身，另一方面又將其排泄產(chǎn)物歸還到環(huán)境中不斷________環(huán)境。

填入畫橫線部分最恰當(dāng)?shù)囊豁?xiàng)是（）。

A.改造建造B.建造改造

C.塑造改變D.強(qiáng)健完善

29.休閑娛樂是許多觀眾對電影的主要訴求，這________。

但電影還是一種文化藝術(shù)，它不僅僅承擔(dān)著娛樂功能，還具有審美和教育等藝術(shù)功能，需要________價(jià)值和理想。

如果觀眾對電影的訴求一直停留在娛樂上，那對市場將是一種縱容和誤導(dǎo)。

填入畫橫線部分最恰當(dāng)?shù)囊豁?xiàng)是（）。

A.無可厚非寄托B.不言而喻蘊(yùn)涵

C.眾所周知體現(xiàn)D.了然于心具備

30.在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中，科學(xué)家們表示他們已經(jīng)研發(fā)出新的耕種系統(tǒng)，可以在________的環(huán)境中種植紅薯和草莓，這種種植方式有望應(yīng)用在火星或月球上。宇航員們可以在國際空間站上種植生菜，但是登上火星的宇航員需要更多的高熱量食物，這種方法若成功應(yīng)用在火星上，屆時(shí)，宇航員在火星上就可以享用紅薯，________體能。

填入畫橫線部分最恰當(dāng)?shù)囊豁?xiàng)是（）。

A.貧瘠保存B.惡劣儲蓄

C.單一增強(qiáng)D.極端提升

三、閱讀理解題（共10題）

31.19世紀(jì)，愛默生和其他一些作家向讀者傳授一種被稱為“自助論”的理論。在這些人看來，一個(gè)有個(gè)性的人必須要有一顆充實(shí)的大腦。在這種思想的指導(dǎo)下，為了得到他人的尊重，有必要在閑暇時(shí)廣泛涉獵文化史上的杰出著作。同時(shí)，也有必要熟悉哲學(xué)、神學(xué)和世界范圍內(nèi)的重大政治事件。這種風(fēng)氣在一個(gè)多世紀(jì)的時(shí)間里塑造了美國新聞業(yè)。在那幾十年里，雜志致力于推廣古典歌劇、高雅藝術(shù)和宗教神學(xué)，而不是電影或大眾健康常識。

這段文字意在說明（）。

A.廣泛閱讀可以充實(shí)我們的大腦

B.主流媒體有引導(dǎo)大眾品味的責(zé)任

C.新聞媒體是主流文化觀的集中體現(xiàn)

D.自助論為美國新聞業(yè)的發(fā)展提供了方向

32.幽默需要有豐富的知識、高尚的思想以及良好的文化修養(yǎng)，正如已故作家老舍先生所說：“幽默者的心是熱的?！毙男鬲M窄、知識膚淺、行為粗俗、情調(diào)低下者，雖然有時(shí)也能引人發(fā)笑，但那多是淺薄、無知的表白，絕不是含蓄、高雅的幽默。

關(guān)于幽默作者未提及的特征是（）。

A.有知識的涵養(yǎng)

B.有犧牲的精神

C.有高尚的思想

D.有高雅的風(fēng)度

33.自海洋石油鉆井平臺、潛艇等超大型機(jī)械相繼出現(xiàn)以來，半潛船才漸漸找尋到自己的用武之地。半潛船裝運(yùn)貨物既可利用獨(dú)特的沉浮方式，又能借助碼頭設(shè)施采用滾裝、滑裝、吊裝等多種方式，具有很強(qiáng)的靈活性和方便性。此外，半潛船大多具有自航能力，航速可達(dá)到15節(jié)以上，能大大縮短重要設(shè)備的運(yùn)輸周期。同時(shí)，由于自身攜帶設(shè)備少，燃料消耗少，半潛船續(xù)航能力可達(dá)到數(shù)萬公里。更為重要的是，半潛船是通過半潛方式在水中航行，吃水較深，甲板常常與水面一致，因而抗擊大風(fēng)大浪的穩(wěn)定性極高。

根據(jù)這段文字，以下說法正確的是（）。

A.半潛船僅能采用沉浮方式裝載貨物

B.半潛船的主要不足是速度相對緩慢

C.半潛船較穩(wěn)是由于航行時(shí)吃水較深

D.在超大型貨物出現(xiàn)后半潛船才出現(xiàn)

34.民族的文化傳統(tǒng)和歷史的文化信息被大量地記載于歷史經(jīng)典文獻(xiàn)中，但又不僅僅局限于經(jīng)典文獻(xiàn)。除此之外，還有各種各樣的歷史文物，作為歷史文化的載體被保存下來。傳統(tǒng)村落就是這樣一個(gè)歷史文化載體，相對于經(jīng)典文獻(xiàn)和地下挖掘出來的古物史料，傳統(tǒng)村落所承載的有關(guān)中華民族文化的歷史信息更具鮮活性，是我們中華民族文明發(fā)展史的“實(shí)證”，是中華文明淵源有自的“活證”。我認(rèn)為，它比文字、古物更能真實(shí)地反映中華民族不同地域、不同族群的生產(chǎn)生活方式、道德倫理觀念，以及民族習(xí)俗風(fēng)情。因此，我們有充分的理由重視傳統(tǒng)村落，保護(hù)傳統(tǒng)村落。

這段文字意在強(qiáng)調(diào)（）。

A.保護(hù)傳統(tǒng)村落對于保護(hù)民族歷史文化有著重要意義

B.應(yīng)采取多種方式和途徑傳承、保護(hù)民族歷史文化

C.傳統(tǒng)村落是中華歷史文化的重要載體和現(xiàn)實(shí)體現(xiàn)

D.傳統(tǒng)村落文化較之經(jīng)典文獻(xiàn)更能鮮活地展現(xiàn)歷史

35.隨著智能手機(jī)的功能不斷增加，手機(jī)電池有限的續(xù)航能力已不能滿足待機(jī)需要，充電寶順理成章地成為高頻應(yīng)用。而共享充電準(zhǔn)入門檻低，線下布局容易，只要抓住“流量”和“剛需”，共享充電幾乎是一樁可以看得見盈利的生意。隨著標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的最后敲定，5Ｇ時(shí)代或在2019—2020年到