2024高中英語刷題首秧基礎(chǔ)練能力練Unit4AstronomythescienceofthestarsSectionⅡTheLanguagePointsofReading第1課時含解析新人教版必修3

PAGEPAGE9SectionⅡTheLanguagePointsofReading課時作業(yè)(一)Ⅰ完形填空Spaceisadangerousplace,notonlybecauseofmeteors(流星)butalsobecauseofraysfromthesunandotherstars.Theatmosphereagainacts__1__ourprotectiveblanketon__2__.Lightgetsthrough,andthisisessential__3__plantstomakethefoodwhichwe__4__.Heat,__5__，makesourenvironmenttolerableandsomeultraviolet(紫外線的)rayspenetratethe__6__.Cosmic(宇宙的)raysofvariouskindscome__7__theairfromouterspace,but__8__quantitiesofradiationfromthesunarescreenedoff.__9__menleavetheatmospheretheyare__10__tothisradiation,__11__theirspacesuitsorthewallsoftheirspacecraft,iftheyareinside,__12__preventalotofradiationdamage.Radiationisthegreatestknowndangertoexplorersin__13__.Dosesofradiationaremeasuredin__14__called“rem(雷姆)”.Weall__15__radiationhereonearthfromthesun，fromcosmicraysandfromradioactiveminerals.The“__16__”doseofradiationthatwereceiveeachyearisabouttwomillirems.It__17__accordingtowhereyoulive,andthisisaveryroughestimate.Scientistshavethereasontothink__18__amancan__19__farmoreradiation__20__0.1remwithoutbeingdamaged.Thefigureof60remshasbeenagreedon.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。太陽和其他星體發(fā)出的射線對人類既有利又有弊，那么大氣層對此又是如何起作用的呢？人們能承受的平安射線數(shù)是多少雷姆呢？1．A.for B．with C．on D．a(chǎn)s答案：Dactas“充當(dāng)，起……作用”。句意：大氣層再次對我們起到防護的作用。2．A.stars B．sun C．earth D．space答案：C由上題可知，大氣層起到防護的作用，愛護的應(yīng)當(dāng)是地球。故選C項。3．A.with B．from C．under D．for答案：Dbeessentialfor“對……來說是首要的/基礎(chǔ)的”，為固定搭配。4．A.use B．live C．eat D．get答案：C由常識可知，植物依靠陽光來生長出我們吃的食物，故選C項。5．A.again B．a(chǎn)lso C．besides D．too答案：Dalso一般緊跟動詞；besides一般用在句首；too可用在句中，用逗號隔開。此處指熱量也使得我們的生活環(huán)境溫度相宜。6．A.environment B．space C．a(chǎn)tmosphere D．earth答案：C由第1空所在的句子可知，地球四周有大氣防護層，因此推知這里紫外線穿透大氣層。故選C。7．A.across B．to C．from D．through答案：D這里的comethrough相當(dāng)于penetrate“穿透”。comeacross“偶遇”；cometo“來到”；comefrom“來自”。句意：各類來自外太空的宇宙射線穿透大氣層。故選through。8．A.valid B．enormous C．various D．proper答案：B由空格前but表轉(zhuǎn)折和句末的“arescreenedoff(被隔開)”可推斷此處表述大量的來自太陽的輻射被隔離掉了。valid“有效的”；various“各種各樣的”；proper“合適的”。enormous“大量的”符合文意。9．A.Assoonas B．Aswellas C．Asmuchas D．Aspossibleas答案：Aassoonas“一……就……”。此處表述人一離開大氣層就會接觸到射線。故選A項。10．A.shown B．exposed C．faced D．covered答案：Bbeexposedto“暴露于”，符合語意。11．A.but B．because C．so D．sothat答案：A本句前半句的意思：人一離開大氣層就會接觸到射線；后半句的意思：他們的太空服和太空船的外壁會阻擋射線造成的損害。前后應(yīng)當(dāng)是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故用but。12．A.get B．make C．have D．do答案：D“do＋動詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)強調(diào)謂語動詞。13．A.Mars B．a(chǎn)tmosphere C．space D．planet答案：C由Radiation和explorers可推想，應(yīng)選space(太空)。句意：射線是探險者在太空中所知的最大危急。14．A.pieces B．units C．parts D．systems答案：B此處表述射線的劑量可用“雷姆”這個測量單位來測量，故選B項。15．A.receive B．a(chǎn)ccept C．bring D．catch答案：A由第16空所在句子中的“radiationthatwereceiveeachyear”可知，此處表示受到輻射，故選A項。16．A.conventional B．common C．general D．normal答案：D此處表述我們每年接受的正常輻射量大約為2毫雷姆。故選normal。17．A.puzzles B．floats C．combines D．changes答案：D由句意“所處地點不同，所能承受的正常的輻射量也不一樣”可確定答案為D項。18．A.what B．which C．that D．why答案：C本句應(yīng)填入引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連接詞，而從句不缺少成分和語意，故選擇that。19．A.putupwith B．keepupwith C．comeupwith D．catchupwith答案：A此處表述人類可承受的輻射量。putupwith“忍受”，符合語境。20．A.from B．than C．a(chǎn)s D．a(chǎn)way答案：B由前面的“more”和后一句中的“Thefigureof60rems”可知，應(yīng)選than，表示“遠超0.1雷姆的輻射量”。Ⅱ閱讀理解AEdmundHalleywasanEnglishscientistwholivedover200yearsago.Hestudiedtheobservationsofcomets(彗星)whichotherscientistshadmade.Theorbitofoneparticularcometwasaverydifficultmathematicalproblem.Hecouldnotfigureitouteq\a\vs4\al(P1).Neithercouldotherscientistswhodealtwithsuchproblems.However,HalleyhadafriendnamedNewton,whowasabrilliantmathematician.Newtonthoughthehadalreadyworkedoutthatproblem，buthecouldnotfindthepapersonwhichhehaddoneit.HetoldHalleythattheorbitofacomethadtheshapeofanellipse(橢圓)．NowHalleysettowork.Hefiguredouttheorbitsofsomeofthecometsthathadbeenobservedbyscientists.Hemadeasurprisingdiscovery.Thecometsthathadappearedintheyears1531,1607,and1682allhadthesameorbit.Yettheirappearanceshadbeen75to76yearsapart.ThisseemedverystrangetoHalley.Thedifferentcometsfollowedthesameorbit.ThemoreHalleythoughtaboutit,themorehethoughtthattherehadnotbeenthreedifferentcomets,aspeoplethought.Hedecidedthattheyhadsimplyseenthesamecometthreetimes.Thecomethadgoneawayandhadcomebackagain.Itwasanastonishingeq\a\vs4\al(W1)idea!Halleyfeltcertainenoughtomakeapredictioneq\a\vs4\al(W2)ofwhatcometwouldhappeninthefuture.Hedecidedthatthiscometwouldappearintheyear1758.Therewere53yearstogobeforeHalley'spredictioncouldbetested.In1758thecometappearedinthesky.Halleydidnotseeit,forhehaddiedsomeyearsbefore.EversincethenthatcomethasbeencalledHalley'scomet,inhishonorp2.1．Halleymadehisdiscovery________.A．bydoingexperimentsB．bymeansofhisowncarefulobservationC．byusingtheworkofotherscientistsD．bychance答案：C細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由文章第一段其次句及第三段其次、三、四句“Hefiguredouttheorbitsofsomeofthecometsthathadbeenobservedbyscientists.Hemadeasurprisingdiscovery.Thecometsthathadappearedintheyears1531,1607，and1682allhadthesameorbit.”可知應(yīng)選C。2．Halleymadeasurprising，butcorrectpredictionintheyear________.A．1704 B．1705C．1706 D．1707答案：B細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由第五段第三、四句“Hedecidedthatthiscometwouldappearintheyear1758.Therewere53yearstogobeforeHalley'spredictioncouldbetested.”可知，他預(yù)言彗星出現(xiàn)的時間是1758年，而這個預(yù)言還要經(jīng)過53年才能驗證，由此可以計算出哈雷得出這個預(yù)言的時間是1705年。3．Thispassageingeneralisabout________.A．HalleyandotherscientistsB．theorbitofacometC．NewtonandHalleyD．Halleyandhisdiscovery答案：D主旨大意題。文章的中心大意就是哈雷以及他的發(fā)覺。4．Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A．EdmundHalleywasanAmericanscientist.B．Halleymadehisdiscoverybydoingexperiments.C．Newtonwasafamousmathematician.D．Theorbitofacomethadtheshapeofacircle.答案：C推理推斷題。從文章首句可知A項錯誤；從第1題的分析中可知B項也錯誤；牛頓告知哈雷彗星的軌道是橢圓形的，可解除D。eq\a\vs4\al(W重點單詞)1．a(chǎn)stonishingadj.令人驚異的2．predictionn.預(yù)言eq\a\vs4\al(P重點短語)1．figureout解決；計算出2．insb.'shonor向某人致敬B“Hello,Earth!Canyouhearme？”That'sthevoicemorethan400,000peoplereceivedrecently.ItwasfromPhilae,aspacevehiclethatlandedonacometin2014.However,itstransmissions(傳送信號)backhomewentsilentsincethen.IttookalongtimeforPhilaetomakeitswayeq\a\vs4\al(P1)acrossthesolarsystemandreachcomet67P/C-G.ThespacevehiclegotthereaboardtheRosettaprobe(探測器),whichhasbeencirclingaroundthecometsincePhilaeseparatedfromitinNovember,2014.Philae'sjobwastocollectmaterialstostudythecomet'scompositioneq\a\vs4\al(W1).Andforabouttwoandahalfdaysafterlanding,itdidjustthat,sendingtheinformationbacktoscientistsonEarth.ButPhilae'slandingonthecomet'sicysurfacehadnotbeensmooth.Whiletouchingdown,itjumpedupandendedupeq\a\vs4\al(P2)intheshadowofsomethinglikeahugerock.Philaerunsonsolarpower,buttherewasnolightintheplacewhereitlanded.Intheend,itfailedtowork.However,ascomet67P/C-Gmovedclosertothesun,moresunlightreachedthespacevehicle,allowingittopowerupandcomebackonline.PhilaethensentsomethingtoRosetta,whichpassedontheinformationbacktoEarth.“Weonlyreceivedtheinformationforabout85seconds,butthat'senoughtoletusknowitisaliveandwell，”saysStephanUlamec,whoworksfortheEuropeanSpaceAgency.“Wehopetoworkoutwhereitlandedexactlyonthe4-kilometer-widecomet.NowweplantochangehowRosettamovessothatPhilaecankeeponcommunicatingandreceivinginstructionseq\a\vs4\al(W2).”5．HearingPhilae'svoice，thosepeoplemusthavefelt________.A．a(chǎn)fraid B．calmC．excited D．worried答案：C推理推斷題。由第一段中的“Philae...landedonacometin2014.However,itstransmissions(傳送信號)backhomewentsilentsincethen.”可知，Philae于2014年著陸彗星后就失聯(lián)了，所以當(dāng)人們再次聽到它傳來的聲音時肯定很興奮，故選C項。6．Accordingtothetext,Philae________.A．wasdamagedwhenitlandedB．movedaroundcomet67P/C-GC．needslightandgastokeepworkingD．helpsscientistslearnaboutacomet答案：D細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由第三段首句“Philae'sjobwastocollectmaterialstostudythecomet'scomposition.”可知，Philae的任務(wù)是幫助科學(xué)家了解一顆彗星的相關(guān)狀況，故選D項。7．WhatStephansaysinthetextsuggeststhat________.A．RosettawillmovearoundanothercometB．PhilaewillcontinuetoworkforscientistsC．mostcometsareaswideasfourkilometersD．hewonderswhetherPhilaeisstillalive答案：B細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由最終一段尾句“NowweplantochangehowRosettamovessothatPhilaecankeeponcommunicatingandreceivinginstructions.”可知，Philae將會接著為科學(xué)家們服務(wù)，故選B項。8．Whatdoestheauthormainlytalkaboutinthetext?A．Asleepingspacevehiclewakesup.B．Itisverydangeroustotravelinspace.C．Anewcometwasdiscoveredrecently.D．Philaewassentintospacesuccessfully.答案：A主旨大意題?？傆[全文可知，文章主要介紹了彗星著陸器Philae的一些狀況。它在“沉睡”了好久之后“醒”了過來，并向地球發(fā)出了信息。eq\a\vs4\al(W重點單詞)1．compositionn.成分；構(gòu)成2.instructionn.吩咐；指示eq\a\vs4\al(P重點短語)1．makeone'sway行進；前進2．endup最終處于，以……而告終Ⅲ七選五依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Ifsomethingthatyou'redoingdoesn'tchallengeyou,thenitdoesn'tchangeyou.Weallneedsomenormalstressinourlives,afterall.__1__Sochallengethefollowinglimits：1．Figureoutwhatyouarescaredofanddoitcontinuously.Ifyouareasalesman,andyou'rescaredoftalkingtopeoplepersonallyoroverthephone,now,insteadofbeingscaredandthinkingyouwillfail,spendatleastfiveminutesadaypickingupthephoneandmakingacall.__2__Butdon'tstoponthefirsttry!Eventually,youcanlookatfearintheeyesandsay,“Goon,I'mnotscared！”2．Takeaclassforahobbyyou'vebeenwantingtodevelop.Makesurethishobbyisnotlinkedtoyourcareer;youhavetorelaxandrelieveyourstresswhileperformingthis.__3__Apartfromhelpingyouchallengeyourself,takingaclassforyourhobbymayalsogiveyouextraincome.3．Setasideatleastnineminutesadayforphysicalexercise.__4__Asimple9-minuterunaroundyourneighborhoodcandowondersforyourself.Exercisecannotonlyhelpyoumaintainyourregularweight,butalsomakeyoufeelbetteraboutyourself.4．__5__Don'tjustlimityourself