2025年英語翻譯資格考試筆譯模擬試卷：醫(yī)學(xué)英語翻譯實戰(zhàn)案例分析試題

2025年英語翻譯資格考試筆譯模擬試卷：醫(yī)學(xué)英語翻譯實戰(zhàn)案例分析試題考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______一、醫(yī)學(xué)英語專業(yè)術(shù)語翻譯（每題2分，共20分）1.以下醫(yī)學(xué)英語專業(yè)術(shù)語翻譯成中文：a.Sepsisb.Osteoporosisc.Congestiveheartfailured.Atherosclerosise.Hypertensionf.Diabetesmellitusg.Myocardialinfarctionh.Hemophiliai.Leukemiaj.Tuberculosis2.將以下中文醫(yī)學(xué)專業(yè)術(shù)語翻譯成英文：a.骨質(zhì)疏松癥b.高血壓c.心力衰竭d.動脈粥樣硬化e.糖尿病f.心肌梗死g.血友病h.白血病i.肺結(jié)核j.風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎二、醫(yī)學(xué)英語翻譯案例分析（每題5分，共25分）3.閱讀以下醫(yī)學(xué)英語句子，將其翻譯成中文，并說明翻譯要點：a."Thepatientpresentedwithseverechestpain,whichwasradiatingtotheleftarmandneck,accompaniedbyshortnessofbreathanddiaphoresis."b."Computedtomography(CT)scanofthechestrevealedapulmonaryembolismintherightlowerlobe."c."Thepatientwasdiagnosedwithchronickidneydiseasestage4,andtheglomerularfiltrationrate(GFR)was30mL/min/1.73m2."d."Thepatientunderwentalivertransplantduetoend-stagelivercirrhosis."e."Thepatienthadahistoryofdiabetesmellitusandhypertension,andwascurrentlyonantihypertensiveandhypoglycemicmedications."4.閱讀以下醫(yī)學(xué)英語病例描述，將其翻譯成中文，并說明翻譯要點：a."A45-year-oldmalepatientwithahistoryofsmokingandalcoholabusewasadmittedtothehospitalwithacuterespiratorydistresssyndrome(ARDS).Hepresentedwithseveredyspnea,cyanosis,anddecreasedlevelofconsciousness.LaboratorytestsshowedelevatedbloodlactatelevelsandapositivebloodcultureforStreptococcuspneumoniae.Thepatientwasstartedonhigh-flownasalcannulaoxygentherapyandantibiotics,buthisconditiondeterioratedrapidlyandhewastransferredtotheintensivecareunitforfurthermanagement."b."A65-year-oldfemalepatientwithahistoryofhypertensionandhyperlipidemiawasadmittedtothehospitalwithchestpain.Electrocardiogram(ECG)showedST-segmentelevationinleadsV1-V6,indicatinganinferiormyocardialinfarction.Thepatientwastreatedwithaspirin,clopidogrel,andstatins.After24hours,hersymptomsimprovedsignificantly,andshewasdischargedfromthehospital."c."A28-year-oldmalepatientwithahistoryofhemophiliaAwasadmittedtothehospitalwithaseverebleedingepisodeinhiskneejoint.Physicalexaminationrevealedjointswelling,tenderness,andlimitedrangeofmotion.LaboratorytestsconfirmedthediagnosisofhemophiliaA.ThepatientwastreatedwithfactorVIIIconcentrateandwasdischargedafterhissymptomsresolved."d."A50-year-oldfemalepatientwithahistoryofdiabetesmellitusandchronickidneydiseasewasadmittedtothehospitalwithacuteexacerbationofchronicrenalfailure.Shepresentedwitholiguria,nausea,andvomiting.Laboratorytestsshowedelevatedbloodureanitrogen(BUN)andserumcreatininelevels.Thepatientwasstartedonhemodialysisandwasdischargedafterherconditionstabilized."e."A35-year-oldmalepatientwithahistoryoftuberculosiswasadmittedtothehospitalwithsymptomsofcough,fever,andweightloss.ChestX-rayshowedinfiltrativelesionsintheupperlobesofbothlungs.Thepatientwasdiagnosedwithpulmonarytuberculosisandwasstartedonacombinationofrifampin,isoniazid,pyrazinamide,andethambutol."四、醫(yī)學(xué)英語段落翻譯（每題5分，共25分）4.1.翻譯以下醫(yī)學(xué)英語段落，注意醫(yī)學(xué)專業(yè)術(shù)語的準(zhǔn)確性："Intheclinicalsetting,itiscrucialforhealthcareprofessionalstorecognizetheearlysignsandsymptomsofsepsis,aspromptdiagnosisandtreatmentcansignificantlyimprovepatientoutcomes.Sepsisisalife-threateningconditionthatariseswhenthebody'sresponsetoaninfectioninjuresitsowntissuesandorgans.Itischaracterizedbyasystemicinflammatoryresponsesyndrome(SIRS),whichincludesfeverorhypothermia,tachycardia,tachypnea,andalteredmentalstatus.Ifnottreatedpromptly,sepsiscanprogresstosepticshock,multipleorganfailure,anddeath."4.2.將以下醫(yī)學(xué)英語段落翻譯成中文，并注意保持原文的醫(yī)學(xué)專業(yè)性和準(zhǔn)確性："Thediagnosisofsepsisisprimarilybasedonclinicalsuspicionandthepresenceofaconfirmedorsuspectedinfection.Laboratorytests,suchasbloodculturesandcompletebloodcount(CBC),areessentialforidentifyingthecausativeorganism.Additionally,theSequentialOrganFailureAssessment(SOFA)scoreiscommonlyusedtoassesstheseverityofsepsisandguidetreatmentdecisions.Earlyadministrationofantibioticsandsupportivecare,includingfluidresuscitationandvasopressortherapy,arekeycomponentsofsepsismanagement."4.3.翻譯以下醫(yī)學(xué)英語段落，注意醫(yī)學(xué)專業(yè)術(shù)語的準(zhǔn)確性和翻譯的流暢性："Pulmonaryembolism(PE)isaseriousconditionthatoccurswhenabloodclottravelstothelungsandblocksanartery.Itcanbecausedbydeepveinthrombosis(DVT)inthelegsorpelvis,oritcanoccuraftersurgery,immobilization,ortrauma.ThesymptomsofPEcanrangefromsubtletosevere,includingshortnessofbreath,chestpain,cough,andsometimeshemoptysis.Immediatediagnosisandtreatmentarecrucialtopreventcomplicationsandreducemortality."4.4.將以下醫(yī)學(xué)英語段落翻譯成中文，并注意醫(yī)學(xué)專業(yè)術(shù)語的準(zhǔn)確性和翻譯的流暢性："Diabetesmellitusisachronicmetabolicdisordercharacterizedbyhyperglycemiaresultingfrominsulinresistanceorinsufficientinsulinproduction.Itisamajorcauseofmorbidityandmortalityworldwide.Themanagementofdiabetesinvolveslifestylemodifications,suchasdietandexercise,andtheuseoforalhypoglycemicagentsorinsulintherapytocontrolbloodglucoselevels.RegularmonitoringofbloodglucoseandHbA1clevelsisessentialtoassesstheeffectivenessoftreatmentandpreventlong-termcomplications."4.5.翻譯以下醫(yī)學(xué)英語段落，注意醫(yī)學(xué)專業(yè)術(shù)語的準(zhǔn)確性和翻譯的流暢性："Cancerisacomplexgroupofdiseaseswithacommonfeatureofuncontrolledcellgrowth.Itcanaffectanypartofthebodyandisthesecondleadingcauseofdeathworldwide.Thediagnosisofcanceroftenrequiresacombinationofimagingtechniques,laboratorytests,andbiopsies.Treatmentoptionsmayincludesurgery,radiationtherapy,chemotherapy,targetedtherapy,andimmunotherapy,dependingonthetypeandstageofthecancer."4.6.將以下醫(yī)學(xué)英語段落翻譯成中文，并注意醫(yī)學(xué)專業(yè)術(shù)語的準(zhǔn)確性和翻譯的流暢性："Cardiovasculardiseases(CVDs)arealeadingcauseofdeathanddisabilityworldwide.Theyincludeconditionssuchascoronaryarterydisease,hypertension,arrhythmias,andheartfailure.RiskfactorsforCVDsincludehighbloodpressure,highcholesterol,smoking,obesity,diabetes,andasedentarylifestyle.LifestylemodificationsandmedicationcanhelpmanagetheseriskfactorsandreducetheincidenceofCVDs."本次試卷答案如下：一、醫(yī)學(xué)英語專業(yè)術(shù)語翻譯1.a.感染性休克b.骨質(zhì)疏松癥c.充血性心力衰竭d.動脈粥樣硬化e.高血壓f.糖尿病g.心肌梗死h.血友病i.白血病j.肺結(jié)核2.a.骨質(zhì)疏松癥b.高血壓c.心力衰竭d.動脈粥樣硬化e.糖尿病f.心肌梗死g.血友病h.白血病i.肺結(jié)核j.風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎二、醫(yī)學(xué)英語翻譯案例分析3.a.患者表現(xiàn)為劇烈胸痛，向左臂和頸部放射，伴呼吸困難和大汗淋漓。解析：關(guān)鍵詞包括“severechestpain”、“radiatingtotheleftarmandneck”、“shortnessofbreath”和“diaphoresis”。b.胸部CT掃描顯示右下肺肺栓塞。解析：關(guān)鍵詞包括“Computedtomography(CT)scan”、“pulmonaryembolism”和“rightlowerlobe”。c.患者被診斷為慢性腎臟病4期，腎小球濾過率（GFR）為30mL/min/1.73m2。解析：關(guān)鍵詞包括“chronickidneydiseasestage4”、“glomerularfiltrationrate(GFR)”和“30mL/min/1.73m2”。d.患者因終末期肝硬變接受了肝移植。解析：關(guān)鍵詞包括“l(fā)ivertransplant”和“end-stagelivercirrhosis”。e.患者有糖尿病和高血壓病史，目前正在服用抗高血壓和降糖藥物。解析：關(guān)鍵詞包括“diabetesmellitus”、“hypertension”和“antihypertensiveandhypoglycemicmedications”。三、醫(yī)學(xué)英語翻譯案例分析3.a."Thepatientpresentedwithseverechestpain,whichwasradiatingtotheleftarmandneck,accompaniedbyshortnessofbreathanddiaphoresis."解析：重點在于理解“severechestpain”的嚴(yán)重性，以及“radiatingtotheleftarmandneck”的放射性質(zhì)，同時注意“shortnessofbreath”和“diaphoresis”作為伴隨癥狀的翻譯。b."Computedtomography(CT)scanofthechestrevealedapulmonaryembolismintherightlowerlobe."解析：關(guān)注“Computedtomography(CT)”作為醫(yī)學(xué)成像技術(shù)的翻譯，以及“pulmonaryembolism”和“rightlowerlobe”作為病理情況的翻譯。c."Thepatientwasdiagnosedwithchronickidneydiseasestage4,andtheglomerularfiltrationrate(GFR)was30mL/min/1.73m2."解析：注意“chronickidneydiseasestage4”作為疾病階段的翻譯，以及“glomerularfiltrationrate(GFR)”和數(shù)字表示的測量結(jié)果。d."Thepatientunderwentalivertransplantduetoend-stagelivercirrhosis."解析：關(guān)鍵詞“l(fā)ivertransplant”和“end-stagelivercirrhosis”需要準(zhǔn)確翻譯，同時注意“dueto”的翻譯。e."Thepatienthadahistoryofdiabetesmellitusandhypertension,andwascurrentlyonantihypertensiveandhypoglycemicmedications."解析：關(guān)鍵詞包括“diabetesmellitus”、“hypertension”和“antihypertensiveandhypoglycemicmedications”，注意翻譯時的邏輯性和準(zhǔn)確性。四、醫(yī)學(xué)英語段落翻譯4.1.在臨床環(huán)境中，醫(yī)護(hù)人員識別敗血癥的早期跡象和癥狀至關(guān)重要，因為及時的診斷和治療可以顯著改善患者預(yù)后。敗血癥是一種危及生命的情況，當(dāng)身體的反應(yīng)對感染造成自身組織器官損傷時就會發(fā)生。它以全身性炎癥反應(yīng)綜合征（SIRS）為特征，包括發(fā)熱或體溫過低、心動過速、呼吸急促和意識狀態(tài)改變。如果不及時治療，敗血癥可能會發(fā)展為敗血癥休克、多器官功能衰竭甚至死亡。解析：關(guān)鍵詞包括“severechestpain”、“radiatingtotheleftarmandneck”、“shortnessofbreath”和“diaphoresis”，注意翻譯時的流暢性和準(zhǔn)確性。4.2.敗血癥的診斷主要基于臨床懷疑和確認(rèn)或懷疑的感染存在。實驗室檢查，如血培養(yǎng)和全血細(xì)胞計數(shù)（CBC），對于確定致病菌至關(guān)重要。此外，序貫器官衰竭評估（SOFA）評分通常用于評估敗血癥的嚴(yán)重程度并指導(dǎo)治療決策。早期給予抗生素和支持性治療，包括液體復(fù)蘇和血管加壓藥治療，是敗血癥管理的關(guān)鍵組成部分。解析：關(guān)鍵詞包括“confirmedorsuspectedinfection”、“SequentialOrganFailureAssessment(SOFA)score”和“earlyadministrationofantibiotics”，注意翻譯時的醫(yī)學(xué)專業(yè)性和準(zhǔn)確性。4.3.肺栓塞（PE）是一種嚴(yán)重的情況，當(dāng)血栓從腿部或骨盆的深靜脈血栓（DVT）移動到肺部并阻塞動脈時就會發(fā)生。它可以是下肢或骨盆DVT引起，也可以在手術(shù)后、固定或創(chuàng)傷后發(fā)生。PE的癥狀可以從輕微到嚴(yán)重不等，包括呼吸困難、胸痛、咳嗽，有時還有咯血。立即診斷和治療對于防止并發(fā)癥和降低死