運(yùn)輸類飛機(jī)適航標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

中國(guó)民用航空總局

民航總局令第100號(hào)

運(yùn)輸類飛機(jī)適航標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

（1985年月12月31日制定1990年7月18日第一次修訂

1995年12月18日第二次修訂2001年5月14日第三次修訂）

CCAR-25-R3

中國(guó)民用航空規(guī)章

第25部

運(yùn)輸類飛機(jī)適航標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

CCAR-25-R3

1985年月12月31日制定1990年7月18日第一次修訂

1995年12月18日第二次修訂2001年5月14日第三次修訂

中國(guó)民航總局令第100號(hào)

中國(guó)民用航空規(guī)章

第25部

運(yùn)輸類飛機(jī)適航標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

總目錄

A分部總則

§25.1適用范圍.........................................................................(1)

§25.2［備用］...........................................................................⑴

B分部飛行

總則

§25.21證明符合性的若干規(guī)定.............................................................(2)

§25.23載重分布限制......................................................................(2)

§25.25重量限制..........................................................................(2)

§25.27重心限制..........................................................................(2)

§25.29空重和相應(yīng)的重心..................................................................(2)

§25.31可卸配重..........................................................................(2)

§25.33螺旋槳轉(zhuǎn)速和槳距限制.............................................................(3)

性能

§25.101總則..............................................................................(3)

§25.103失速速度.........................................................................(5)

§25.105起飛..............................................................................(5)

§25.107起飛速度.........................................................................(5)

§25.109加速一停止距離...................................................................(6)

§25.111起飛航跡.........................................................................(8)

§25.113起飛距離和起飛滑跑距離..........................................................(9)

§25.115起飛飛行航跡.....................................................................(9)

§25.117爬升：總則.......................................................................(10)

§25.119著陸爬升：全發(fā)工作..............................................................(10)

§25.121爬升：?jiǎn)伟l(fā)停車(chē)...................................................................(10)

§25.123航路飛行航跡....................................................................(10)

§25.125著陸.............................................................................(11)

操縱性和機(jī)動(dòng)性

§25.143總則.............................................................................(11)

§25.145縱向操縱........................................................................(12)

§25.147航向和橫向操縱.................................................................(13)

§25.149最小操縱速度...................................................................(14)

配平

§25.161配平.............................................................................(15)

穩(wěn)定性

§25.171總則.............................................................................(16)

§25.173縱向靜穩(wěn)定性....................................................................(16)

§25.175縱向靜穩(wěn)定性的演示.............................................................(16)

§25.177橫向和航向靜穩(wěn)定性.............................................................(17)

§25.181動(dòng)穩(wěn)定性........................................................................(17)

失速

§25.201失速演示........................................................................(18)

§25.203失速特性........................................................................(18)

§25.205［刪除］..........................................................................(18)

§25.207失速警告........................................................................(19)

地面和水面操縱特性

§25.231縱向穩(wěn)定性和操縱性.............................................................(19)

§25.233航向穩(wěn)定性和操縱性.............................................................(19)

§25.235滑行條件........................................................................(19)

§25.237風(fēng)速.............................................................................(19)

§25.239水面噴濺特性、操縱性和穩(wěn)定性....................................................(19)

其它飛行要求

§25.251振動(dòng)和抖振......................................................................(20)

§25.253高速特性........................................................................(20)

§25.255失配平特性......................................................................(21)

C分部結(jié)構(gòu)

總則

§25.301載荷............................................................................(22)

§25.303安全系數(shù)........................................................................(22)

§25.305強(qiáng)度和變形......................................................................(22)

§25.307結(jié)構(gòu)符合性的證明................................................................(22)

—11—

飛行載荷

§25.321總則............................................................................(23)

飛行機(jī)動(dòng)和突風(fēng)情況

§25.331對(duì)稱機(jī)動(dòng)情況....................................................................(23)

§25.333飛行包線........................................................................(24)

§25.335設(shè)計(jì)空速........................................................................(24)

§25.337限制機(jī)動(dòng)載荷系數(shù)................................................................(26)

§25.341突風(fēng)和紊流載荷..................................................................(26)

§25.343設(shè)計(jì)燃油和滑油載重.............................................................(27)

§25.345增升裝置........................................................................(27)

§25.349滾轉(zhuǎn)情況........................................................................(28)

§25.351偏航機(jī)動(dòng)情況....................................................................(28)

補(bǔ)充情況

§25.361發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)扭矩......................................................................(28)

§25.363發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和輔助動(dòng)力裝置支架的側(cè)向載荷............................................(29)

§25.365增壓艙載荷......................................................................(29)

§25.367發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)失效引起的非對(duì)稱載荷.....................................................(30)

§25.371陀螺載荷........................................................................(30)

§25.373速度控制裝置....................................................................(30)

操縱面和操縱系統(tǒng)載荷

§25.391操縱面載荷：總則................................................................(30)

§25.393平行于錢(qián)鏈線的載荷.............................................................(31)

§25.395操縱系統(tǒng)........................................................................(31)

§25.397操縱系統(tǒng)載荷....................................................................(31)

§25.399雙操縱系統(tǒng)......................................................................(32)

§25.405次操縱系統(tǒng)......................................................................(32)

§25.407配平調(diào)整片的影響................................................................(32)

§25.409調(diào)整片..........................................................................(32)

§25.415地面突風(fēng)情況...................................................................(32)

§25.427非對(duì)稱載荷......................................................................(33)

§25.445輔助氣動(dòng)力面....................................................................(33)

§25.457襟翼............................................................................(34)

§25.459特殊裝置........................................................................(34)

地面載荷

§25.471總則............................................................................(34)

§25.473著陸載荷情況和假定.............................................................(34)

—iii—

§25.477起落架布置......................................................................(35)

§25.479水平著陸情況....................................................................(35)

§25.481尾沉著陸情況....................................................................(35)

§25.483單起落架著陸情況................................................................(35)

§25.485側(cè)向載荷情況....................................................................(36)

§25.487回跳著陸情況....................................................................(36)

§25.489地面操縱情況....................................................................(36)

§25.491滑行、起飛和著陸滑跑...........................................................(36)

§25.493滑行剎車(chē)情況....................................................................(36)

§25.495轉(zhuǎn)彎............................................................................(37)

§25.497尾輪側(cè)偏........................................................................(37)

§25.499前輪側(cè)偏與操縱..................................................................(37)

§25.503回轉(zhuǎn)............................................................................(38)

§25.507倒行剎車(chē)........................................................................(38)

§25.509牽引載荷........................................................................(38)

§25.511地面載荷：多輪起落架裝置上的非對(duì)稱載荷........................................(39)

§25.519頂升和系留裝置..................................................................(40)

水載荷

§25.521總則............................................................................(40)

§25.523設(shè)計(jì)重量和重心位置.............................................................(40)

§25.525載荷的假定......................................................................(40)

§25.527船體和主浮筒載荷系數(shù)...........................................................(41)

§25.529船體和主浮筒著水情況...........................................................(41)

§25.531船體和主浮筒起飛情況...........................................................(42)

§25.533船體和主浮筒底部壓力...........................................................(42)

§25.535輔助浮筒載荷....................................................................(43)

§25.537水翼載荷........................................................................(44)

應(yīng)急著陸情況

§25.561總則............................................................................(44)

§25.562應(yīng)急著陸動(dòng)力要求................................................................(44)

§25.563水上迫降的結(jié)構(gòu)要求.............................................................(45)

疲勞評(píng)定

§25.571結(jié)構(gòu)的損傷容限和疲勞評(píng)定......................................................(45)

閃電防護(hù)

§25.581閃電防護(hù)........................................................................(47)

D分部設(shè)計(jì)與結(jié)構(gòu)

總則

§25.601總則............................................................................(48)

§25.603材料............................................................................(48)

§25.605制造方法........................................................................(48)

§25.607緊固件..........................................................................(48)

§25.609結(jié)構(gòu)保護(hù)........................................................................(48)

§25.611可達(dá)性措施......................................................................(48)

§25.613材料的強(qiáng)度性能和設(shè)計(jì)值.........................................................(48)

§25.615［刪除］..........................................................................(49)

§25.619特殊系數(shù)........................................................................(49)

§25.621鑄件系數(shù)........................................................................(49)

§25.623支承系數(shù)........................................................................(50)

§25.625接頭系數(shù)........................................................................(50)

§25.629氣動(dòng)彈性穩(wěn)定性要求.............................................................(50)

§25.631鳥(niǎo)撞損傷........................................................................(51)

操縱面

§25.651強(qiáng)度符合性的證明................................................................(51)

§25.655安裝............................................................................(51)

§25.657銳鏈............................................................................(52)

操縱系統(tǒng)

§25.671總則.............................................................................(52)

§25.672增穩(wěn)系統(tǒng)及自動(dòng)和帶動(dòng)力的操縱系統(tǒng)..............................................(52)

§25.673［刪除］...........................................................................(53)

§25.675止動(dòng)器...........................................................................(53)

§25.677配平系統(tǒng)........................................................................(53)

§25.679操縱系統(tǒng)突風(fēng)鎖..................................................................(53)

§25.681限制載荷靜力試驗(yàn)................................................................(53)

§25.683操作試驗(yàn)........................................................................(53)

§25.685操縱系統(tǒng)的細(xì)節(jié)設(shè)計(jì).............................................................(53)

§25.689鋼索系統(tǒng)........................................................................(54)

§25.693關(guān)節(jié)接頭........................................................................(54)

§25.697升力和阻力裝置及其操縱器件.....................................................(54)

§25.699升力和阻力裝置指示器...........................................................(54)

§25.701襟翼與縫翼的交連................................................................(54)

§25.703起飛警告系統(tǒng)....................................................................(55)

起落架

§25.721總則............................................................................(55)

§25.723減震試驗(yàn)........................................................................(55)

§25.725限制落震試驗(yàn)....................................................................(56)

§25.727儲(chǔ)備能量吸收落震試驗(yàn)...........................................................(56)

§25.729收放機(jī)構(gòu)........................................................................(56)

§25.731機(jī)輪............................................................................(57)

§25.733輪胎............................................................................(57)

§25.735剎車(chē)............................................................................(58)

§25.737滑橇............................................................................(59)

浮筒和船體

§25.751主浮筒浮力.....................................................................(59)

§25.753主浮筒設(shè)計(jì).....................................................................(60)

§25.755船體............................................................................(60)

載人和裝貨設(shè)施

§25.771駕駛艙..........................................................................(60)

§25.772駕駛艙艙門(mén)......................................................................(60)

§25.773駕駛艙視界......................................................................(60)

§25.775風(fēng)擋和窗戶......................................................................(61)

§25.777駕駛艙操縱器件..................................................................(61)

§25.779駕駛艙操縱器件的動(dòng)作和效果.....................................................(61)

§25.781駕駛艙操縱手柄形狀.............................................................(62)

§25.783艙門(mén)............................................................................(62)

§25.785座椅、臥鋪、安全帶和肩帶........................................................(63)

§25.787儲(chǔ)存艙..........................................................................(64)

§25.789客艙和機(jī)組艙以及廚房中物件的固定..............................................(64)

§25.791旅客通告標(biāo)示和標(biāo)牌.............................................................(65)

§25.793地板表面........................................................................(65)

應(yīng)急設(shè)施

§25.801水上迫降........................................................................(65)

§25.803應(yīng)急撤離........................................................................(65)

§25.805［刪除］.........................................................................(66)

§25.807應(yīng)急出口........................................................................(66)

§25.809應(yīng)急出口的布置..................................................................(68)

§25.810應(yīng)急撤離輔助設(shè)施與撤離路線.....................................................(68)

§25.811應(yīng)急出口的標(biāo)記..................................................................(69)

§25.812應(yīng)急照明........................................................................(70)

§25.813應(yīng)急出口通路....................................................................(72)

§25.815過(guò)道寬度........................................................................(73)

§25.817最大并排座椅數(shù)..................................................................(73)

§25.819下層服務(wù)艙(包括廚房).........................................................(73)

通風(fēng)和加溫

§25.831通風(fēng)............................................................................(74)

§25.832座艙臭氧濃度....................................................................(75)

§25.833燃燒加溫系統(tǒng)....................................................................(75)

增壓

§25.841增壓座艙........................................................................(75)

§25.843增壓座艙的試驗(yàn)..................................................................(76)

防火

§25.851滅火器..........................................................................(76)

§25.853座艙內(nèi)部設(shè)施....................................................................(77)

§25.854廁所防火........................................................................(77)

§25.855貨艙和行李艙....................................................................(77)

§25.857貨艙等級(jí)........................................................................(78)

§25.858貨艙或行李艙煙霧或火警探測(cè)系統(tǒng).................................................(79)

§25.859燃燒加溫器的防火................................................................(79)

§25.863可燃液體的防火..................................................................(80)

§25.865飛行操縱系統(tǒng)、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)架和其它飛行結(jié)構(gòu)的防火....................................(80)

§25.867其它部件的防火..................................................................(80)

§25.869系統(tǒng)防火........................................................................(80)

其它

§25.871定飛機(jī)水平的設(shè)施................................................................(81)

§25.875螺旋槳附近區(qū)域的加強(qiáng)...........................................................(81)

E分部動(dòng)力裝置

總則

§25.901安裝.............................................................................(82)

§25.903發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)...........................................................................(82)

§25.904起飛推力自動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)(ATTCS).................................................................................................(83)

§25.905螺旋槳...........................................................................(83)

§25.907螺旋槳振動(dòng)......................................................................(83)

§25.925螺旋槳間距......................................................................(83)

§25.929螺旋槳除冰......................................................................(83)

§25.933反推力系統(tǒng)......................................................................(84)

§25.934渦輪噴氣發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)反推力裝置系統(tǒng)試驗(yàn)..............................................(84)

§25.937渦輪螺旋槳阻力限制系統(tǒng).........................................................(84)

§25.939渦輪發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)工作特性.............................................................(84)

——vii——

§25.941進(jìn)氣系統(tǒng)、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和排氣系統(tǒng)的匹配性..............................................(84)

§25.943負(fù)加速度........................................................................(85)

§25.945推力或功率增大系統(tǒng).............................................................(85)

燃油系統(tǒng)

§25.951總則............................................................................(85)

§25.952燃油系統(tǒng)分析和試驗(yàn).............................................................(85)

§25.953燃油系統(tǒng)的獨(dú)立性................................................................(86)

§25.954燃油系統(tǒng)的閃電防護(hù).............................................................(86)

§25.955燃油流量........................................................................(86)

§25.957連通油箱之間的燃油流動(dòng).........................................................(86)

§25.959不可用燃油量....................................................................(86)

§25.961燃油系統(tǒng)在熱氣候條件下的工作...................................................(86)

§25.963燃油箱：總則....................................................................(87)

§25.965燃油箱試驗(yàn)......................................................................(87)

§25.967燃油箱安裝......................................................................(88)

§25.969燃油箱的膨脹空間................................................................(88)

§25.971燃油箱沉淀槽....................................................................(88)

§25.973油箱加油口接頭..................................................................(89)

§25.975燃油箱的通氣和汽化器蒸氣的排放.................................................(89)

§25.977燃油箱出油口....................................................................(89)

§25.979壓力加油系統(tǒng)....................................................................(89)

§25.981燃油箱溫度......................................................................(90)

燃油系統(tǒng)部件

§25.991燃油泵..........................................................................(90)

§25.993燃油系統(tǒng)導(dǎo)管和接頭.............................................................(90)

§25.994燃油系統(tǒng)部件的防護(hù).............................................................(90)

§25.995燃油閥..........................................................................(90)

§25.997燃油濾網(wǎng)或燃油濾................................................................(90)

§25.999燃油系統(tǒng)放液嘴..................................................................(91)

§25.1001應(yīng)急放油系統(tǒng)...................................................................(91)

滑油系統(tǒng)

§25.1011總則............................................................................(92)

§25.1013滑油箱..........................................................................(92)

§25.1015滑油箱試驗(yàn).....................................................................(92)

§25.1017滑油導(dǎo)管和接頭.................................................................(92)

§25.1019滑油濾網(wǎng)或滑油濾...............................................................(93)

§25.1021滑油系統(tǒng)放油嘴.................................................................(93)

§25.1023滑油散熱器.....................................................................(93)

§25.1025滑油閥..........................................................................(93)

—V111—

§25.1027螺旋槳順槳系統(tǒng).................................................................(93)

冷卻

§25.1041總則...........................................................................(94)

§25.1043冷卻試驗(yàn).......................................................................