2021-2022學年浙江省臺州市高二上學期期末質量評估英語試題（解析版）（不含聽力音頻）

2021-2022學年浙江省臺州市高二上學期期末質量評估英語試題選擇題部分注意事項：1.答第Ⅰ卷前，考生務必將自己的姓名、準考證號填寫在答題紙上。2.選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標號。不能答在本試卷上，否則無效。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時，先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內容結束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題：每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whenwilltheman'strainarrive?A.At7:00pmB.At8:00pm.C.At9:00pm.2.Whatdoesthemanprobablydo?A.Asalesman.B.Awriter.C.Anarchitect.3.WhichplaceisclosedonMondays?A.TheHugeHamburger.B.TheHappyDragon.C.TheSunPizzeria.4.Whatwillthespeakersprobablydonext?A.Makesomecoffee.B.Findashelter.C.Fetchanumbrella.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Howtocookameal.B.Wheretomeetafriend.C.Whattobringforcamping.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨自。每段對話或獨白后在幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘：聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間，每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題6.Wheredidthemanhavehisbesttrip?A.InSouthAfrica.B.InSoutheastAsia.C.InCentralAmerica7.Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?A.CreateatravelblogB.KeepatraveldiaryC.Takesomephotos聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題，8.WhatdoesthemansayaboutthecharactersinEricCarle'sbooks?ABrave.B.Strange.C.Energetic.9.Whichbookdidthemanlovemostasachild?A.TheVeryHungryCaterpillarB.TheArtistWhoPaintedaBlueHorse.C.BrownBear,BrownBear,WhatDoYouSee?10.Whatisthemangoingtodofirst?A.Dosomeshopping.B.Borrowsomebooks.C.Pickuphisson.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.WhydidthewomanaccepttheofferfromGregoryAssociates?A.IthasagoodfameB.Itwasherfirstoffer.C.Itcoveredtravelexpenses.12.Howdoesthewomanfeelaboutherjobonthewhole?A.Satisfied.B.DisappointedC.Worried13.Whataboutthejobmakesthewomanunhappy?A.ThelowpayB.TheshortholidaysC.Theworkhours聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Whichpositionisavailablenow?A.Akitchenhand.B.Anassistantcook.C.Acleaner.15.Howoftenwillthemanhavetoworkifhegetsthejob?A.Onceaweek.B.Twiceaweek.C.Threetimesaweek.16.Howmuchwillthemangetanhourifhegetsthejob?A.$15B.$18.C.$2017.Whatdoesthewomanremindthemantodoatlast?A.Offerareference.B.Bringhispassport.C.Prepareanapplicationform聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.WhatcanweknowaboutSimoes'grandma?A.Sheis84yearsoldB.Shehiresacaretaker.C.Shehasaphysicaldisability.19.WhatdidLililikedoingforSimoes'grandma?A.Closingthedoorforher.B.Clearingthewayforher.C.Fetchingcarpetmatsforher.20.WhatdidSimoes'familythinkofLili?A.Naughty.B.Quiet.C.Considerate第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分35分）第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題2.5分，滿分25分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題紙上將該項涂黑。AMyfirstyearofcollegewasafairytalethattookplacestudyingabroadinthehistoricandenrichedcityofValencia,Spain.RecentlyIcameacrosstheSpanishexpressionmerecerlapena,ortobeworthit.LookingbackonmytimeinValencia,Icansafelyandfirmlysaythatthehardworktrulymereciólapena.DepartingtoanynewplacerequiresadaptationandmymovetoSpainwasnoexception.BecomingcomfortablewiththeSpanishculturedidtaketineandlearningSpanishhasrequiredeveryounceofmypatience.IntherarechancethattimetravelwouldeverexistandIcouldgobackintime,IwouldwithoutadoubtchoosetostudyabroadinSpainagain.Granted,thereareafewchaptersinmyfairytalethatIwouldtweak,butmyonlytrueregretisnotbeingabletoconversefluentlyandflawlesslyinSpanishafterhavingspentelevenmonthsinSpain.Thatbeingsaid,IdidimprovemySpanish-speakingskills.However,Iwashopingforadramaticimprovement,whichsadlyneveroccurred.Therefore,ifIwerepermittedanydo-overs,IwouldimmersemyselfmoreintheSpanishcultureandlanguagethanIdid.AlthoughIdidmakemanySpanishacquaintanceswhileinValencia,thetroublewiththeseSpanishfriendsofminewastheireagernesstopracticetheirEnglish,thushinderingmyaimtoimprovemySpanish.FurtheraggravatingwasthefactthattheirEnglishabilitywasalreadyfargreaterthantheknowledgethatIhadofSpanish,whichnotonlyoccasionallyembarrassedmeovermymistakesandlackofvocabulary,butalsoforcedEnglishtobethelanguageforourconversationsifweeverhadseriousmatterstodiscuss.Yet,beyondthat,IbloomedandchangedinmorewaysthanI'dthoughtpossible.OverallmyexperienceinSpaincouldbedescribedlikenoother:sweeterthanaValencianorange.1.Whatdidtheauthorregretaboutherstudyabroad?A.Thatshedidn'tachieveSpanishfluency. B.Thatshedidn'timproveheroralSpanish.C.Thatshedidn'tmakeanySpanishfriends. D.Thatshedidn'texperiencetheSpanishculture.2.WhydidtheSpanishcommunicatewiththeauthorinEnglish?A.Toavoidseriousdiscussions. B.Totesttheauthor'svocabulary.C.Toreduceembarrassingmistakes. D.Tosharpentheirspeakingskills.3.WhatdidtheauthorthinkofherexperienceinSpain?AStrange B.Frustrating. C.Carefree. D.Rewarding.【答案】1.A2.D3.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者在西班牙留學的經歷以及感悟?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段中“Granted,thereareafewchaptersinmyfairytalethatIwouldtweak,butmyonlytrueregretisnotbeingabletoconversefluentlyandflawlesslyinSpanishafterhavingspentelevenmonthsinSpain.(誠然，我的童話故事中有幾個章節(jié)需要修改，但我唯一真正遺憾的是，在西班牙生活了11個月之后，我不能用西班牙語流利而完美地交談)”可知，作者在國外留學期間后悔她的西班牙語不夠流利。故選A?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據倒數第二段中“AlthoughIdidmakemanySpanishacquaintanceswhileinValencia,thetroublewiththeseSpanishfriendsofminewastheireagernesstopracticetheirEnglish,thushinderingmyaimtoimprovemySpanish.(雖然我在瓦倫西亞期間確實結識了許多西班牙人，但我的這些西班牙朋友的麻煩在于他們急于練習英語，從而阻礙了我提高西班牙語水平的目標)”可知，西班牙人用英語和作者交流是為了提高他們的口語技能。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據最后一段“Yet,beyondthat,IbloomedandchangedinmorewaysthanI'dthoughtpossible.OverallmyexperienceinSpaincouldbedescribedlikenoother:sweeterthanaValencianorange.(然而，除此之外，我在很多方面都比我想象的更加成熟和改變?？偟膩碚f，我在西班牙的經歷可以說是獨一無二的：比瓦倫西亞橙子還甜)”可推知，作者覺得在西班牙的經歷有益。故選D。BWhatisthesecrettotheworld'smostcreativeminds—themindsofresourcefulinventors,innovativescientistsandinspiredartists?Aretheysimplyluckytobebornwiththerightgenes?Moststudiessuggestthatonlyabouttenpercentofcreativityisdeterminedbyaperson'sgenes.Sowhataretherequirementsforcreativity?Firstofall,creativitytakestime.Wetendtothinkofbreakthroughsascominginasuddenflashofbrilliance,butthisisrarelythecase.Ideasoftendevelopandformoveralongperiod.Infact,manyofhistory'smostcreativepeoplehaveareputationasdaydreamersorprocrastinators.MartinLutherKing,Jr,reportedlywrotehis"IHaveaDream"speechatteno'clockthenightbeforehedeliveredit,butithadgonethroughalongperiodof"preparationandincubation"inhismindbeforethat.Inasurprisingtwist,creativitymayalsobesparkedbysuffering.Wecanseethisinthelivesofmanygreatcreativegeniuses.ArtistPaulKleesufferedgreatpainformuchofhislifeasdidmanyotherartists,andcomposerJohannSebastianBachlostbothhisparentswhenhewasonlynineyearsold.Thoseinvestigatingthesourcesofcreativityhavenotedthatsomecreativegeniusesdonotalwaysfitinwellwithsocialnorms.Theydon'tseemabletosuppressthefountainofideasthatbubbleupintheirminds,someofwhichmayseeminappropriatetoothers.Creativepeoplearealsocurious.Theyseemwiredtoseeknoveltyandtakerisks.Aschildren,creativepeopleareoftenunabletositstill,unabletofocusontheirlessons,instead,alwayslookingforsomethingnewandinterestingtocapturetheirattention.Thesearchforthesourceofcreativitycontinues.Mostresearchersagreethattheanswerwillbecomplexandthatthereisprobablynosinglecharacteristicwhichcanexplaintheworld'smostcreativeminds.4.MartinLutherKing'sspeechismentionedtoshow__________.A.creativepeoplemagicupideas B.thecreativeprocessrequirestimeC.rightgenescontributetocreativity D.thelast-minutepressurebringsbreakthroughs5.Howdoestheauthorprovehispointinthe3rdparagraph?A.Byquotingsayings. B.Bymakingcomparisons.C.Byprovidingexamples. D.Byanalyzingaphenomenon.6.Whichofthefollowingsignsdocreativekidsprobablyexhibit?A.Lackofcuriosity. B.Highactivitylevel.C.Distraction-freemode. D.Goodadaptationskills.7.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Torevealthesecretsofbrilliantinventions.B.Topresentthesufferingsofartisticgeniuses.C.Toexplorethecharacteristicsofcreativeminds.D.Tointroducetheachievementsofinnovativescientists【答案】4.B5.C6.B7.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。大多數研究表明，只有10%的創(chuàng)造力是由一個人的基因決定的。文中主要就創(chuàng)造力的要求和特點進行了說明?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第二段“Firstofall,creativitytakestime.Wetendtothinkofbreakthroughsascominginasuddenflashofbrilliance,butthisisrarelythecase.Ideasoftendevelopandformoveralongperiod.Infact,manyofhistory'smostcreativepeoplehaveareputationasdaydreamersorprocrastinators.MartinLutherKing,Jr,reportedlywrotehis"IHaveaDream"speechatteno'clockthenightbeforehedeliveredit,butithadgonethroughalongperiodof"preparationandincubation"inhismindbeforethat.(首先，創(chuàng)造需要時間。我們傾向于認為突破是突如其來的輝煌，但事實并非如此。思想的發(fā)展和形成往往需要很長一段時間。事實上，歷史上許多最有創(chuàng)造力的人都以空想家或拖延者而聞名。據報道，馬丁·路德·金在發(fā)表“我有一個夢想”演講的前一天晚上10點就寫好了，但在那之前，他在頭腦中經歷了很長一段時間的“準備和醞釀”)”可推知，馬丁·路德·金的演講被提到是為了表明創(chuàng)造過程需要時間。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第三段“Inasurprisingtwist,creativitymayalsobesparkedbysuffering.Wecanseethisinthelivesofmanygreatcreativegeniuses.ArtistPaulKleesufferedgreatpainformuchofhislifeasdidmanyotherartists,andcomposerJohannSebastianBachlostbothhisparentswhenhewasonlynineyearsold.(令人驚訝的是，苦難也可能激發(fā)創(chuàng)造力。我們可以在許多偉大的創(chuàng)意天才的生活中看到這一點。藝術家保羅·克利和許多其他藝術家一樣，在一生的大部分時間里都遭受了巨大的痛苦。作曲家約翰·塞巴斯蒂安·巴赫在9歲時就失去了雙親)”可推知，作者在第三段通過舉例子來證明自己的觀點。故選C。【6題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據倒數第二段中“Aschildren,creativepeopleareoftenunabletositstill,unabletofocusontheirlessons,instead,alwayslookingforsomethingnewandinterestingtocapturetheirattention.(作為孩子，有創(chuàng)造力的人往往不能安靜地坐著，不能專注于他們的課程，相反，總是尋找新的和有趣的吸引他們的注意力的東西)”可知，有創(chuàng)造力的孩子可能會表現出活動水平高。故選B。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據最后一段“Thesearchforthesourceofcreativitycontinues.Mostresearchersagreethattheanswerwillbecomplexandthatthereisprobablynosinglecharacteristicwhichcanexplaintheworld'smostcreativeminds.(對創(chuàng)造力源泉的探索仍在繼續(xù)。大多數研究人員都認為，答案是復雜的，可能沒有單一的特征可以解釋世界上最有創(chuàng)造力的頭腦)”結合文中主要就創(chuàng)造力的要求和特點進行了說明。由此推知，作者寫這篇文章的目的是探索創(chuàng)造性思維的特點。故選C。CImaginethisscenario:In2050,youfindanenvelope,insidewhichisanoldCDmarkedwiththedate1998,yourgreat-grandfather'sname,andthewords"alloverseasbankaccounts".Ifthisweretohappen,youwouldbeveryexcited,atleastatfirst.Yourexcitementwouldbequicklyfollowedbyfrustrationbecauseitwouldbedifficultforyoutoretrievetheinformationonthedisk.Eveniftherecordwasstillingoodcondition,itwouldbehardtofindadevicethatcouldreadit.Computersanddigitaltechnologyhavevastlyexpandedourcapacitytostoreallkindsofinformation,buthowlongwillouraccesstothisstoredinformationlast?Thisisaproblemthatbegantoworrytechnologyexperts.Theybecameconcernedthat,withoutbetterwaysofpreservinginformation,futuregenerationsmightlookbackonourtimesasthe"digitaldarkages".Theymaynothaveaccesstothedigitalrecordofourlivesandourworld.VintCerf,avicepresidentatGoogle,arguesthatthiscouldhappenifwedonotquicklytakestepstoaddresstheissue.Heusestheterm"bitrot"todescribehowourdigitalrecordsmayslowlybutsurelybecomeinaccessible.Mostsoftwaresandappsthatwereusedtocreatedocumentsandwebsitestenortwentyyearsagoarealreadyoutofdate,andinanotherfiftyyearstheymaynotevenbeavailable.Wecanreadlettersfromlongago,butwillwebeabletoreadaTwitterfeedoraccessaSnapchatexchangeahundredyearsfromnow?ComputerscientistMahadevSatyanarayananofCarnegieMellonUniversityhasfoundawaytostoreeverything—alltogetherintheCloud.Usinghisstate-of-the-artapproach,Satyanarayananhasbeenabletorecoverandpreservedigitalrecordsthatmightotherwisehavebeenlostforever.BothCerfandSatyanarayananstresstheimportanceofdeliberatepreservation.Importantrecordsshallbetransferredtonewformsofstoragetechnologyastheyappear.Otherwise,theymaydisappearintothedigitaldarkages.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"this"refertointhe2ndparagraph?A.ThefindofaCD. B.Atraveltothefuture.C.Therecoveryofbankaccounts. D.Anencounterwithyourgreat-grandfather.9.HowdoCerfandSatyanarayanansuggestwehandleimportantdata?A.PostonTwitter. B.Storevianewtechnology.C.UploadtotheCloud. D.Recordintraditionalletters.10.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.E-Waste:DarkSideofDigitalAge B.AreWeLivingintheDigitalDarkAges?C.WhatCantheDigitalDarkAgesTeachUs? D.Google'sVintCerfwarnsofDarkTechnologies【答案】8.A9.B10.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了雖然計算機和數字技術極大地擴展了我們存儲各種信息的能力，但是未來可能無法查看這些信息，導致“數字黑暗時代”。對此有人建議重要的記錄應當在新的存儲技術出現時轉移到新的存儲技術中?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據第一段“Imaginethisscenario:In2050,youfindanenvelope,insidewhichisanoldCDmarkedwiththedate1998,yourgreat-grandfather'sname,andthewords"alloverseasbankaccounts".”以及畫線詞后文“youwouldbeveryexcited,atleastatfirst”可知，想象一下這樣的場景:在2050年，你發(fā)現一個信封，里面是一張舊CD，上面寫著日期1998，你曾祖父的名字，以及“所有海外銀行賬戶”的字樣，即如果找到這張CD，你會非常興奮，至少一開始是這樣。故this指的是“找到一張CD”。故選A?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據最后一段“BothCerfandSatyanarayananstresstheimportanceofdeliberatepreservation.Importantrecordsshallbetransferredtonewformsofstoragetechnologyastheyappear.Otherwise,theymaydisappearintothedigitaldarkages.(Cerf和Satyanarayanan都強調了蓄意保存的重要性。重要的記錄應當在新的存儲技術出現時轉移到新的存儲技術中。否則，它們可能會消失在數字黑暗時代)”可知，Cerf和Satyanarayanan建議我們通過新技術進行存儲來處理重要數據。故選B?！?0題詳解】主旨大意題。根據第三段“Computersanddigitaltechnologyhavevastlyexpandedourcapacitytostoreallkindsofinformation,buthowlongwillouraccesstothisstoredinformationlast?Thisisaproblemthatbegantoworrytechnologyexperts.Theybecameconcernedthat,withoutbetterwaysofpreservinginformation,futuregenerationsmightlookbackonourtimesasthe"digitaldarkages".Theymaynothaveaccesstothedigitalrecordofourlivesandourworld.(計算機和數字技術極大地擴展了我們存儲各種信息的能力，但我們還能使用這些存儲的信息多久呢？這是一個開始讓技術專家擔憂的問題。他們開始擔心，如果沒有更好的保存信息的方法，未來幾代人回顧我們的時代時，可能會成為“數字黑暗時代”。他們可能無法接觸到我們生活和世界的數字記錄)”結合文章主要說明了雖然計算機和數字技術極大地擴展了我們存儲各種信息的能力，但是未來可能無法查看這些信息，導致“數字黑暗時代”。對此有人建議重要的記錄應當在新的存儲技術出現時轉移到新的存儲技術中?？芍珺選項“我們生活在數字黑暗時代嗎？”最符合文章標題。故選B。第二節(jié)（共5小題：每小題2分，滿分10分）根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。What'stheMereExposureEffect?Hasiteveroccurredtoyouthatyoustartedlikingthatsongyouusedtohatebecauseyouhadlistenedtoitrepeatedly?Haveyouevernoticedhowthemoretimeyouspendwithaperson,themorepleasanthe/shebecomes?___11___Alsoknownasthefamiliarityprinciple,thiseffectexplainswhy,byrepeatedlyexposingourselvestoanewstimulus,ourresponsetoitbecomesmorepositive.RobertZajoncisoneoftheauthorswhostudiedthisparticularpsychologicaleffect.Heprovedthepresenceofthispreferenceinthefaceofstimuliofaverydiversenature.Words,sounds,photographsoffaces…___12___Researchersconductedastudytotesttheinfluenceofthiseffectonthelikingforcertainfoods.Forthis,theygaveagroupofstudentsseveraljuicestheydidn'tknowuntilthatmoment.___13___Whenaskedwhichonestheylikedbest,therewasacleartendencytojudgethosetheydrankthemostasmorepositive.Fechner,aGermanpsychologist,thefatherofsomecurrentpsychophysicaltheories,offersanexplanationforthiseffect.___14___Butthis"newnessphobia"fadesawayasyourepeatedlyexposeyourselftotheno-longer-newstimuli.However,youmustkeepinmindthatyoucangetboredifrepeatedexposuretothestimulusbecomesexcessive.___15___Andifyouwatchthesamemovieeveryday,it'llloseitscharm.Thisprincipleoffamiliarityisthefoundationofmanyofyourpreferences,regardlessofyourgreaterorlessertasteforadventureandrisk.Theproductsyoubuy,theplacesyoufrequent,andthepeopleyoulikecanallbeaffectedbythisprinciple.Therefore,it'sconvenienttobeawareofitsinfluenceonyourmind.A.Thisiswhatthemere-exposureeffectisabout.B.Thereasonforthemereexposureeffectisuncertain.C.Sometriedthemfivetimes,others10,andothers15D.Peopletendtoreactwithfearoranxietytonewelements.E.Ifyoueatthesamethingeveryday,you'llenduphatingit.F.Inallcases,peopleseemtofavorthosemostfamiliartothem.G.Theeffecthappensduetotheirfearofnewchallengesandthreats.【答案】11.A12.F13.C14.D15.E【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要解釋了什么是“曝光效應”以及這種心理現象對人的影響?！?1題詳解】根據上文“Hasiteveroccurredtoyouthatyoustartedlikingthatsongyouusedtohatebecauseyouhadlistenedtoitrepeatedly?Haveyouevernoticedhow,themoretimeyouspendwithaperson,themorepleasanthe/shebecomes?(你有沒有想過，你開始喜歡那首你曾經很討厭的歌，因為你已經聽了很多遍了？你有沒有注意到，你和一個人相處的時間越長，他/她就會變得越愉快？)”以及后文“Alsoknownasthefamiliarityprinciple,thiseffectexplainswhy,byrepeatedlyexposingourselvestoanewstimulus,ourresponsetoitbecomesmorepositive.(這種效應也被稱為熟悉原則，它解釋了為什么通過不斷地將自己暴露在新刺激下，我們對它的反應變得更加積極)”可知，本句應當是在說明上文提到的一系列現象是什么：曝光效應，A選項中effect對應后文中thiseffect。故A選項“這就是曝光效應的意義所在”符合語境，故選A?！?2題詳解】根據上文“RobertZajoncisoneoftheauthorswhostudiedthisparticularpsychologicaleffect.Heprovedthepresenceofthispreferenceinthefaceofstimuliofaverydiversenature.Words,sounds,photographsoffaces…(RobertZajonc是研究這種特殊心理效應的作者之一。他證明了在面對各種各樣的刺激時，這種偏好的存在。文字、聲音、面孔的照片……)”可知，本句是在說明這種心理效應帶給人們的影響：人們似乎都喜歡那些他們最熟悉的東西。故F選項“在所有的情況下，人們似乎都喜歡那些他們最熟悉的東西”符合語境，故選F。【13題詳解】根據上文“Researchersconductedastudytotesttheinfluenceofthiseffectonthelikingforcertainfoods.Forthis,theygaveagroupofstudentsseveraljuicestheydidn'tknowuntilthatmoment.(研究人員進行了一項研究，以測試這種效應對人們喜歡某些食物的影響。為此，他們給了一組學生一些果汁，直到那一刻他們才知道)”以及后文“Whenaskedwhichonestheylikedbest,therewasacleartendencytojudgethosetheydrankthemostasmorepositive.(當被問及他們最喜歡哪種時，他們明顯傾向于認為喝得最多的果汁更積極)”可知，本句應是在說明人們接受測試的次數，故C選項“有些人試了5次，其他人試了10次，其他人試了15次”符合語境，故選C。【14題詳解】根據上文“Fechner,aGermanpsychologist.thefatherofsomecurrentpsychophysicaltheories,offersanexplanationforthiseffect.(Fechner，一位德國心理學家，當代一些心理物理學理論之父，為這種效應提供了一種解釋)”以及后文“Butthis"newnessphobia"fadesawayasyourepeatedlyexposeyourselftotheno-longer-newstimuli.(但是這種“新奇恐懼癥”會隨著你不斷地將自己暴露在不再新鮮的刺激下而逐漸消失)”可知，后文提到了“新奇恐懼癥”，可見人們對新事物的反應是恐懼或焦慮。故D選項“人們對新事物的反應往往是恐懼或焦慮”符合語境，故選D?！?5題詳解】根據上文“However,youmustkeepinmindthatyoucangetboredifrepeatedexposuretothestimulusbecomesexcessive.(然而，你必須記住，如果反復接觸刺激過度，你會感到無聊)”以及后文“Andifyouwatchthesamemovieeveryday,it'llloseitscharm.(如果你每天都看同樣的電影，它就會失去它的魅力)”可知，本句與后文并列，都是在說明反復接觸刺激導致感到無聊的情況。故E選項“如果你每天都吃同樣的東西，你最終會討厭它”符合語境，故選E。第三部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題紙上將該項涂黑。Itorethetopoffmymeal:spaghettiwithbeefandsauce.Thearomarushedoutofthepacket.Itsmelledlike___16___.Growingup,Ialwayshada(n)___17___forMeals,Ready-to-Eat,orMREs.Withtheirspecial___18___:airtightandwaterproof(防水的),thethickplasticbagscan___19___almostanychangesintemperatureand___20___aminimumofthreeyearswithnorefrigeration.InmyArmyhousehold,therewas___21___onelyingaroundsomewhere:inthebackofmydad'scar,orinacloset.MysiblingsandIweren't___22___toeatthemoften.Theyweresavedforcampingtripsorthenightsmydadwasinchargeofdinner.Myfathercouldhave___23___usanythingpizza,BurgerKingicecream—butwewould___24___MREs.Thenwefaceda___25___decision.Itwasn'tjustabouttheentree(主菜)whichwasprintedonthefrontofthepack:MenuNo.12:Meatloaf;MenuNo.17:Beef.Itwasalsoaboutthe___26___thatweren'tmentionedontheoutsideofthepackage:thedrycakeorthebrownie;thecookiesorthepeanutbutter…Myfirstexperienceof___27___camewhenIhadtochoosewhichoneIwanted.___28___thepackageslyingonourcounter.Ihadmyheartinmymouth.Myhandswere___29___beforegrabbingone.___30___beateatingdinnerfromthosebrownplasticbags,andthat'swhy,whenIsawMREsfor___31___onAmazon,Iboughtsomefor$15apiece.I___32___apictureonsocialmedia,andmyformermilitaryfriendslaughed.ButasIopenedtheshipment,itfelt___33___I'dunearthedaboxfilledwithchildhoodmemorabilia.Duringmyfather's24-yearArmycareer,myfamilylivedin___34___housesinfivestates.WhileIneverhadahometown,the___35___was—stillis—hometome,andMREsareapartofthat.16.A.love B.home C.friendship D.adventure17.A.budget B.pity C.excuse D.affection18.A.recipe B.packaging C.meat D.quality19.A.reduce B.measure C.resist D.analyze20.A.hide B.last C.freeze D.leak21.A.merely B.ever C.sometimes D.always22.A.trained B.accompanied C.allowed D.bothered23.A.passed B.cooked C.awarded D.offered24.A.choose B.reject C.deliver D.prepare25.A.tough B.dangerous C.wise D.careless26.A.extras B.addresses C.cookies D.brands27A.disappointment B.excitement C.anxiety D.fright28.A.Throwingaway B.Arguingabout C.Puttingaside D.Staringat29.A.stretching B.aching C.shaking D.rising30.A.Anything B.Nothing C.Everything D.Something31.A.trips B.display C.soldiers D.sale32.A.took B.posted C.spotted D.described33.A.asif B.incase C.evenif D.nowthat34.A.remote B.cheap C.private D.different35.A.Army B.State C.Car D.Internet【答案】16.B17.D18.B19.C20.B21.D22.C23.D24.A25.A26.A27.C28.D29.C30.B31.D32.B33.A34.D35.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者對即食食品情有獨鐘?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：聞起來有家的味道。A.love愛；B.home家；C.friendship友誼；D.adventure冒險。根據上句“Thearomarushedoutofthepacket.(香味從包裹里散發(fā)出來)”可知，一打開包裹，香味就散發(fā)出來。由此可知根據香味可以感受到家的味道。故選B?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在成長過程中，我對美食，即食食品或MREs很有感情。A.budget預算；B.pity遺憾；C.excuse原諒；D.affection感情。根據下文“InmyArmyhousehold,therewas6onelyingaroundsomewhere：inthebackofmydad'scar,orinacloset.(在我的軍人家庭，那里總有即食食品：在我父親的車后面或者在儲藏室)”可知，作者喜歡吃即食食品，對這些食品有感情。故選D?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：擁有特殊的包裝：密封和防水，厚厚的袋子能抵制任何氣溫的變化，持續(xù)至少3年沒有冰箱。A.recipe食譜；B.packaging包裝；C.meat肉；D.quality質量。根據“airtightandwaterproof(防水的)(密封和防水)”可知這是特殊包裝的。故選B?！?9題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：擁有特殊的包裝：密封和防水，厚厚的袋子能抵制任何氣溫的變化，持續(xù)至少3年沒有冰箱。A.reduce減少；B.measure測量；C.resist抵制；D.analyze分析。根據“thethickplasticbags”可知，厚厚的袋子能抵制任何氣溫的變化。故選C?！?0題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：擁有特殊的包裝：密封和防水，厚厚的袋子能抵制任何氣溫的變化，持續(xù)至少3年沒有冰箱。A.hide隱藏；B.last持續(xù)；C.freeze結冰；D.leak漏，泄露。根據“thethickplasticbagscan4almostanychangesintemperature(厚厚的袋子能抵制任何氣溫的變化)”可知，這種厚袋子可以用好長時間。故選B?！?1題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：在我的軍人家庭，那里總有即食食品：在我父親的車后面或者在儲藏室。A.merely僅僅；B.ever曾今；C.sometimes有時；D.always總是。根據上文“Growingup,Ialwayshada(n)2forMeals,(在成長過程中，我對即食食品很有感情)”可知，作者喜歡即食食品，因此他就會經常買，因此家里總是有這些東西。故選D?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我和兄弟姐妹不被允許經常吃即食食品。A.trained訓練；B.accompanied陪伴；C.allowed允許；D.bothered打擾。根據下句“Theyweresavedforcampingtripsorthenightsmydadwasinchargeofdinner.(即食食品是要被節(jié)省下來為外出旅游或者父親負責做飯時才可以吃)”可知，即食食品不被允許經常吃。故選C?！?3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：父親本能夠給我們提供披薩餅，漢堡王，冰淇淋之類的東西——但是我們寧愿選擇即食食品。A.passed通過；B.cooked做飯；C.awarded授予；D.offered提供。根據“thenightsmydadwasinchargeofdinner”可知，此處指父親給我們做飯時給我們提供的食物，故選D?！?4題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：父親本能夠給我們提供披薩餅，漢堡王，冰淇淋之類的東西——但是我們寧愿選擇即食食品。A.choose選擇；B.reject反對；C.deliver運送；D.prepare準備。根據上句“Theyweresavedforcampingtripsorthenightsmydadwasinchargeofdinner.(即食食品是要被節(jié)省下來為外出旅游或者父親負責做飯時才可以吃)”可知，父親負責做飯時，我們可以選擇吃即食食品。故選A?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然后我們面臨困難的決定。A.tough困難的；B.dangerous危險的；C.wise明智的；D.careless粗心的。根據“Itwasn'tjustabouttheentree(主菜)whichwasprintedonthefrontofthepack(那不是打印在包裝前面的主菜)”可知，那不是打印在包裝前面的主菜，因此我們面臨困難的決定。故選A。【26題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：那也不是在包裝外面被提到的額外的事物：第12號菜單：肉餅；第17號菜單：牛排。A.extras額外的事物；B.addresses地址；C.cookies甜餅；D.brands商標。根據“thedrycakeorthebrownie;thecookiesorthepeanutbutter(干蛋糕或者巧克力方塊蛋糕；甜餅或者堅果奶油)”可知，這些東西都是額外的食品。故選A?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當我不知選擇哪一個時，我第一次經歷了焦慮。A.disappointment失望；B.excitement興奮；C.anxiety焦慮；D.fright害怕。根據“whenIhadtochoosewhichoneIwanted.(當我不知選擇哪一個時)”可知，作者不知選擇什么時，自然會感到焦慮。故選C?！?8題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：盯著放在柜臺上的包裝的東西，我提心吊膽。A.Throwingaway扔掉；B.Arguingabout爭論；C.Puttingaside擱置；D.Staringat盯著。根據“Ihadmyheartinmymouth.(我提心吊膽)”可知，作者很緊張，不知選擇哪一個，只能盯著放在柜臺上的包裝的東西。故選D?！?9題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在抓到一個東西之前，我的手在顫抖。A.stretching延伸；B.aching疼痛；C.shaking顫抖；D.rising上升。根據上句“Ihadmyheartinmymouth.(我提心吊膽)”可知，作者很緊張，因此手在抓東西時在顫抖。故選C?！?0題詳解】考查代詞詞義辨析。句意：沒有什么食物能比得上來自那些棕色塑料袋里的食品，這就是為什么當我看到在亞馬遜上銷售即食食品時，我以15美元一個的價格買了一些。A.Anything任何事；B.Nothing沒有什么；C.Everything一切；D.Something某物。根據上文“Growingup,Ialwayshada(n)3forMeals,(在成長過程中，我對即食食品很有感情)”可知，沒有什么食物能比得上來自那些棕色塑料袋里的即食食品。故選B。【31題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：沒有什么食物能比得上來自那些棕色塑料袋里的食品，這就是為什么當我看到在亞馬遜上銷售即食食品時，我以15美元一個的價格買了一些。A.trips旅行；B.display展示；C.soldiers士兵；D.sale銷售。根據“Iboughtsomefor$15apiece”可知，我買了一些，是因為在亞馬遜遜上有銷售的。固定搭配forsale(在銷售)，故選D?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我在社交媒體上發(fā)布了一張照片，我以前的戰(zhàn)友都笑了。A.took帶；B.posted發(fā)布；C.spotted發(fā)現；D.described描述。根據“apictureonsocialmedia”可知，此處是在社交媒體上發(fā)布了一張照片。故選B?！?3題詳解】考查連接詞詞義辨析。句意：但是，當我打開送來的東西時，就好像在挖掘一個裝滿我孩提時代的收藏品。A.asif好像；B.incase萬一；C.evenif即使；D.nowthat既然。根據“I'dunearthedaboxfilledwithchildhoodmemorabilia.”可知，作者小心翼翼的樣子就像是在挖掘一個裝滿我孩提時代的收藏品。故選A?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在我父親24年的軍隊生涯中，我們家住在5個州的不同房子里。A.remote遙遠的；B.cheap便宜的；C.private私人的；D.different不同的。根據“infivestates”可知，他們是住在不同地方的房子里。故選D?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然我從來沒有家鄉(xiāng)，但軍隊曾經是——現在仍然是——我的家，而即食食品也是其中的一部分。A.Army軍隊；B.State州；C.Car小車；D.Internet網絡。根據“Duringmyfather's24-yearArmycareer,”可知，父親在部隊服役時間很長，作者跟隨父親輾轉五個州，因此部隊就是他的家。故選A。非選擇題部分注意：將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。第三部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第二節(jié)（共10小題：每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當的內容（1個單詞）或括號內單詞的正確形式。InNorthwestChina'sGansuProvince___36___(lie)ZhangyeNationalGeopark,whichisblessedwithaspectacularDanxia(redcloud)landformarea___37___(cover)about19squaremiles.TheDanxialandformsare___38___masterpieceofnature.Thecolorfulmountainridgesarejustlikeanoverturnedpalettefromheaven.Bandsoffieryred,creamyorange,richgreenandbrightyellowstreakacros