云南省開遠(yuǎn)市部分學(xué)校2024-2025學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期開學(xué)檢測(cè)英語試題（解析版）

高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試題PAGEPAGE1云南省開遠(yuǎn)市部分學(xué)校2024-2025學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期開學(xué)檢測(cè)英語試題第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whatisthewomaninterestedinnow?A.Cooking. B.Reading. C.Gardening.【答案】C【原文】W:I’vebeenthinkingaboutplantingmyownkitchengardenlately.M:What?Yousaidyouwantedtolearntocooklastmonth.W:I’mseriousthistime.I’llreadmorebookstogetsomebasicknowledge.2.Howmuchwillthewomanpayforthemotorbike?A.$300. B.$900. C.$1,000.【答案】A【原文】W:Excuseme.Howmuchdoesitcosttorentamotorbike?M:Onehundreddollarsaday.Youcanget10%offifyourentitfor10days.W:Okay.IthinkI’llrentoneforthreedays.3.Howdoesthemanfeelaboutthefilm?A.Confused. B.Satisfied. C.Disappointed.【答案】B【原文】W:David,haveyouwatchedtheAcademyAwardsceremony?OppenheimerwonBestPicture.Themovieseemsgreat!M:Ijustsawitinthecinemalastweekandit’sreallyworthyoftheaward.4.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Athome. B.Inanoffice. C.Inashop.【答案】A【原文】W:Thisisthelastbottleofmilkinthefridge.Couldyoubuysomewhenyoufinishyourwork?M:Sure.I’llalsotakeoutthegarbage.W:That’sgreat.5.WhatisthewomangoingtodoonNewYear’sEve?A.Watchamovie. B.Haveaparty. C.Goskating.【答案】C【原文】W:What’syourplanforNewYear’sEve?Iwanttodosomethingdifferentthisyear.M:Ihaven’tdecidedyet.Whatwillyoudo?W:Insteadofwatchingamovieorthrowingaparty,I’vedecidedtoskatewithmyfriends.第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。6.WhatdoweknowaboutJohn?A.Heishard-working.B.Heiswell-paid.C.Heishighlyeducated.7.WhatdoesJohnwanttodo?A.Joinagym. B.Getapromotion. C.Workfromhome.【答案】6.A7.B【原文】W:Idon’tknowhowJohndoesit.Heisalwaysthefirstpersontogettotheoffice,andalsothelastonetoleave.Hemustbeexhaustedallthetime!M:Butheseemsprettyhealthy.Isawhimswimminginthegymlastweekend.Maybehejustlikesgettingeverythingdoneinaday.W:Yeah,you’reright,butheearnsjustthesameaswedo.It’snotahighly-paidjob.M:Ithinkhe’llbepromotedbeforeanyofus—heisobviouslyveryeagerforthat!W:That’sdefinitelytrue!聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。8.Howlonghasthewomanexperiencedheadaches?A.Oneday. B.Threedays. C.Sevendays.9.Whyhasthewomansleptbadlylately?A.Shequitherjob. B.Shewasinjured. C.Sheattendedeveningclasses.10.WhatdoesDr.Eyckaskthewomantodo?A.Haveacheck-up. B.Getmoresleep. C.Takesomepills.【答案】8.C9.C10.A【原文】W:Goodmorning,Dr.Eyck.I’vehadastomachacheforthreedays.M:Well,letmetakealook.DoesithurtwhenIpresshere?W:Ohyes,thathurts.AndI’vealsosufferedfromheadachesinthepastweek.Maybetheyhavesomethingtodowiththeheavyworkload.M:Haveyoubeenexperiencingarunnynoseorcough?W:Yes,I’vehadallofthose.AndI’vehadanearachesinceyesterday.M:Areyouhavingtroublesleeping?W:Yes,andit’sgotworserecently.BecauseIhavebeentakingFrenchclassesatnightrecently.DoyouthinkIneedtotakesomepills?M:It’shardtosayforsurewithoutfurtherexamination.Comewithmethen.聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。11.Whoisprobablythewoman?A.Stephen’sfriend. B.Mr.Green’ssecretary. C.Mr.Green’sbusinesspartner.12.Whereisthemangoingnextweek?A.Boston. B.Newport. C.NewYork.13.WhenwillthemanmeetMr.Greennextweek?A.OnMondaymorning. B.OnWednesdaymorning. C.OnThursdayafternoon.【答案】11.B12.C13.B【原文】W:Goodmorning,AlbersMotorcars.M:Hello,thisisStephenfromBoston.MayIspeaktoMr.Green,please?W:I’msorry.Mr.GreenisnowinameetingwithbusinesspartnersfromNewport.WhatcanIdoforyou?M:Well,I’llflytoyourplacenextweek.I’dliketofixameetingwithMr.Green.W:Luckily,he’llbeinNewYorkforthewholemonth.I’llcheckMr.Green’sscheduleandseeifIcanarrangeanappointmentforyou.Pleasewaitamoment…Mr.GreenwillhavesometimeonMondaymorning,Wednesdaymorning,andThursdayafternoon.M:Wednesdaymorningworksbetterforme.W:Would10:00beconvenient?M:Yes,that’llbefine.W:OK,I’llnotethatdown.聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。14.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Neighbors. B.Strangers. C.Travelpartners.15.WhywillthewomangotoGeorgia?A.Toattendameeting. B.Tocallonherparents. C.Tovisitanexhibition.16.Whatmakesthewomansurprised?A.Themanlivesinthesamecityasher.B.Themantravelsregularlyforwork.C.Themanwillmovetoherneighborhood.17.Whatdoesthemanoffertodoforthewoman?A.Helphermovehouse. B.Drivehertotheairport. C.Rentahouseforher.【答案】14.B15.C16.A17.A【原文】W:Excuseme.I’minthewindowseat.M:Oh,sure.I’llletyouin.Areyoutravelingalone?W:Yes.I’mgoingtochangeplanesinDenveronmywaytoSouthCarolinaforameeting,andthenI’mofftoGeorgiaonWednesdaytoattendanartexhibition.Whereareyouheaded?M:I’mgoingtoJacksonvilletocallonmyparentsforafewdays,butI’llbebackinLosAngelesnextweekend.W:Wow,whatasmallworld!I’vebeenlivinginLosAngelesforthepastfouryears.WhatpartofLosAngelesdoyoulivein?M:IlivenottoofarfromtheairportinWestchester.W:That’samazing!IjustrentedanapartmentinWestchesterandIwillmoveinwhenIgetback.Withallthistraveling,itmakessensetomoveclosertotheairport.M:Thatseemslikeawisemove.Letmeknowifyouneedanyhelpmoving.Here’smycard.Thenumberonthebottomismycellphone.W:Thankyou.聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題。18.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?A.Reasonsforchoosingthecourse.B.Generalintroductiontothecourse.C.Preparationsforthecourse.19.Whatdoesthespeakerthinkisimportantforstudentstodo?A.Developproblem-solvingskills.B.Learnhowphysicsaffectsdailylife.C.Understandthebasicknowledgeofphysics.20.Whatwillthespeakerdonext?A.Givehomework. B.Writeacourseoutline. C.Providedetailsaboutgrades.【答案】18.B19.C20.C【原文】Goodmorning,everybody.WelcometoPhysics101.MynameisEdBrown.Iwillbeyourprofessorthissemester.Sincethisisourfirstclass,Iwanttotalkaboutwhatthiscoursewilllooklike.Thiscoursemainlyintroducesyoutothegeneraldescriptionofphysics.Theterm“physics”includesmanydifferentareasofresearchandstudy.Ihopethiscoursewillproveusefulwhetherornotyouchoosetocontinueyourstudiesinthisfield.Wewillbegintheclassbylookingattheconceptsofphysics.Itisimportantthatyouhaveaclearunderstandingofthebasicknowledge.Onlyinthiswaycanyoubetterunderstandthemoredifficultconceptswhenyougettothem.Now,Iamgoingtohavetheteachingassistantshandoutthecourseoutlinesofthiscourse,andI’llexplainhowyourgradesaregiven.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AEditor’snote:IfyoufancycomingtovisitChinathissummerunderthe72-houror144-hourvisa-freepolicy,herearedestinationsforyoutoexplorethecountry’snaturalbeautyandculturewhileescapingtheheat.QingdaoinEastChina’sShandongprovinceWithsandybeachesandclearwater,Qingdaopromisessummercoastalfun.Hereyoucanbaskinthesun,swim,orleisurelywalkalongitspicturesqueshores.ExploretheLaoshanMountainwithTaoisttemples.Also,immerseyourselfinthecity’srichbeerculturebydrinkingthefamousTsingtaobeerandexploringitsbrewinghistoryattheTsingtaoBeerMuseum.HarbininNortheastChina’sHeilongjiangprovinceExperiencethethrillofHarbinIce-SnowWorldinitsvastindoorthemepark,aGuinnessWorldRecordholderat23,800squaremeters.WanderCentralAvenuetoadmireRussian-stylearchitecture,andintheevening,relaxbytheSonghuaRiver,feelingtherefreshingbreeze.Harbinownsitsicyreputationwithacoolandpeacefulsummercharm,makingitaperfectgetawaydestinationintheheat.HangzhouinEastChina’sZhejiangprovince“Upabovethereisparadise,downhere,thereareSuzhouandHangzhou.”ExplorethecharmingWestLake,whereboatridesofferbeautifulviewsoflandscapes.LoseyourselfintheancientquietofLingyinTemple,aspiritualplacewithBuddhistarchitecture.Oryoucandiscovertheartoftea-makingintheteaplantations,tastingthewellknownLongjingtea.TongreninSouthwestChina’sGuizhouprovinceHikingenthusiastsandnaturalhistoryloversshouldgotoFanjingMountain,aUNESCOWorldHeritageSite.Risingtoaheightof2,572meters,themountainishometoaconservationarea,anaturereserveandanumberofBuddhisttemples.Don’tmisstheuniqueMiaoandDongethnicvillages,whereyoucantrytastycuisineandwitnesstraditionalcustoms.21.WhatcanyoudoinQingdao?A.AdmireRussian-stylearchitecture. B.Explorerichbeerculture.C.BreakGuinnessWorldRecord. D.Visitartmuseums.22.WherecanyouvisitaWorldHeritageSite?A.InHangzhou. B.InQingdao. C.InHarbin. D.InTongren.23.Wheredoesthispassagemostpossiblycomefrom?A.Adiary. B.Abiography. C.Atouristmap. D.Atravelmagazine.【答案】21.B22.D23.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了中國(guó)幾個(gè)適合夏天旅游的城市?！?1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)QingdaoinEastChina’sShandongprovince部分中“Also,immerseyourselfinthecity’srichbeerculturebydrinkingthefamousTsingtaobeerandexploringitsbrewinghistoryattheTsingtaoBeerMuseum.(此外，你還可以在青島啤酒博物館品嘗著名的青島啤酒，探索青島啤酒的釀造歷史，沉浸在這座城市豐富的啤酒文化中)”可知，在青島可以探索豐富的啤酒文化。故選B項(xiàng)?！?2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TongreninSouthwestChina’sGuizhouprovince部分中“HikingenthusiastsandnaturalhistoryloversshouldgotoFanjingMountain,aUNESCOWorldHeritageSite.(徒步愛好者和自然歷史愛好者應(yīng)該去梵凈山，它是聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織的世界遺產(chǎn))”可知，在銅仁可以參觀世界遺產(chǎn)地。故選D項(xiàng)?！?3題詳析】推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段“Editor’snote:IfyoufancycomingtovisitChinathissummerunderthe72-houror144-hourvisa-freepolicy,herearedestinationsforyoutoexplorethecountry’snaturalbeautyandculturewhileescapingtheheat.(編者提醒：如果你想在今年夏天享受72小時(shí)或144小時(shí)免簽政策，來中國(guó)旅游，這里有一些目的地，可以讓你在避暑的同時(shí)探索中國(guó)的自然美景和文化)”可知，文章介紹了中國(guó)幾個(gè)適合夏天旅游的城市，包括景點(diǎn)、活動(dòng)等旅游相關(guān)信息，所以最有可能來自旅游雜志。故選D項(xiàng)。ВGrowingupontheGuanzhongPlain,HeJingdidn’tstartmountaineeringuntil18.Herfirstclimb,in2006,wasintheQinlingMountains,anditsparkedapassionforthesport.In2012,feelingsadforthelossofhergrandmother,Heattemptedherfirstmountainover5,000meters—MountSigunianginSichuanprovince.Theexperienceprovidedherwithasenseofpeaceandrelief.“AsIapproachedthesummit(頂峰)andsawtherosylightonthesnow,Ifoundpeaceandareleasefrommyinnerconfusion,”sherecalled.Sincethen,Hehasbeendevotedtoclimbinghigh-altitudepeaks.Shesummitedherfirst8,000-meterpeak,MountChoOyu,in2016,usingjustonebottleofoxygen.Realizingshecouldhandletheextremealtitude(海拔),shedecidedtoattemptfutureclimbswithoutoxygen,amovepartlymotivatedbycostsavings.Climbingwithoutoxygencarriessignificantrisksduetothethinatmosphereathighaltitudes.Toprepare,Hetrainedstrictly,runningatleastfivetimesaweek,climbing200flightsofstairswitha20-kilogramloadtwiceweekly,andusinganoxygen-restrictingmasktosimulatehigh-altitudeconditions.“Ataltitudesabove8,000meters,thehumanbrainexperiencesextremelackofoxygen,andthebodybecomessleepy.Ikepttellingmyselfnottofallasleep,asImightneverwakeupagain,”shesaid.HerfirstsuccessfulsummitwithoutbottledoxygencameonSept.25,2017,whenshereachedthetopofMountManasluinNepal.OnOct.9thisyear,shereachedthesummitofthe8,027-meterMountShishapangmainChina’sXizangautonomousregion,becomingthefirstpersonfromChinaandthethirdwomanintheworldtoscaleall14oftheworld’speaksover8,000meterswithouttheuseofadditionaloxygen.24.WhatmotivatedHetoattemptherclimbingin2012?A.Herenthusiasmforclimbing.B.Herdesiretochallengeherself.C.Hersorrowforlosinghergrandmother.D.Herdeterminationtohandletheextremealtitude.25.HowdidHeprepareherselfforclimbingwithoutadditionaloxygen?A.Byrunningfourorfivetimesaweek.B.Bytraininginhigh-altitudeconditions.C.Byclimbingstairswithloadsregularly.D.Bywearingamaskwithadequateoxygen.26.WhichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribeHe?A.Energeticandsociable. B.Determinedandpassionate.C.Demandingandhumble. D.Strong-willedandfriendly.27.WhatdoesHe’sexperiencetellus?A.Lookbeforeyouleap. B.Morehaste(匆忙),lessspeed.C.Everycloudhasasilverlining. D.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.【答案】24.C25.C26.B27.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了中國(guó)女性何靜帶著對(duì)登山的熱愛，經(jīng)過自己不懈的努力，成為中國(guó)首位無氧登頂14座8000米以上高峰的女性，同時(shí)也是世界第三位完成這一壯舉的女性攀登者?！?4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“In2012,feelingsadforthelossofhergrandmother,Heattemptedherfirstmountainover5,000meters—MountSigunianginSichuanprovince.(2012年，她為失去祖母感到悲傷，于是她第一次嘗試了5000米以上的山峰——四川的四姑娘山)”可知，失去祖母的悲傷促使何在2012年嘗試登山。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Toprepare,Hetrainedstrictly,runningatleastfivetimesaweek,climbing200flightsofstairswitha20-kilogramloadtwiceweekly,andusinganoxygen-restrictingmasktosimulatehigh-altitudeconditions.(為了準(zhǔn)備，何進(jìn)行了嚴(yán)格的訓(xùn)練，每周至少跑步五次，每周兩次負(fù)重20公斤爬200層樓梯，并戴上限氧面罩模擬高海拔環(huán)境)”可知，何為在沒有額外氧氣的情況下登山所做的準(zhǔn)備包括定期負(fù)重爬樓梯。故選C項(xiàng)?！?6題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Herfirstclimb,in2006,wasintheQinlingMountains,anditsparkedapassionforthesport.(2006年，她第一次攀登秦嶺，這激發(fā)了她對(duì)這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)的熱情)”可知，何對(duì)登山抱有熱情；再根據(jù)第三段中“Toprepare,Hetrainedstrictly,runningatleastfivetimesaweek,climbing200flightsofstairswitha20-kilogramloadtwiceweekly,andusinganoxygen-restrictingmasktosimulatehigh-altitudeconditions.(為了準(zhǔn)備，何進(jìn)行了嚴(yán)格的訓(xùn)練，每周至少跑步五次，每周兩次負(fù)重20公斤爬200層樓梯，并戴上限氧面罩模擬高海拔環(huán)境)”和第四段中““Ataltitudesabove8,000meters,thehumanbrainexperiencesextremelackofoxygen,andthebodybecomessleepy.Ikepttellingmyselfnottofallasleep,asImightneverwakeupagain,”shesaid.(“在海拔8000米以上的地方，人類大腦極度缺氧，身體變得困倦。我一直告訴自己不要睡著，因?yàn)槲铱赡茉僖膊粫?huì)醒來了，”她說)”可知，何執(zhí)行嚴(yán)格的訓(xùn)練計(jì)劃，在登山過程中頑強(qiáng)地克服缺氧帶來的困意，這表明她堅(jiān)定果敢。故選B項(xiàng)?！?7題詳析】推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章講述了中國(guó)女性何靜帶著對(duì)登山的熱愛，經(jīng)過自己不懈的努力，成為中國(guó)首位無氧登頂14座8000米以上高峰的女性，同時(shí)也是世界第三位完成這一壯舉的女性攀登者。因此，何的經(jīng)歷告訴我們“有志者事竟成”。A.三思而后行；B.欲速則不達(dá)；C.黑暗中總有一線光明；D.有志者事竟成，故選D項(xiàng)。CGrass-poweredgasissettoheatthousandsofhomesforthefirsttimeinthecomingweeks.EnergyfirmEcotricityisexpectedtobeginsupplyinggasto5,300homesfromitsplantnearReadingthroughthedistributioncompanySouthernGasNetworksinApril.Researchhasestimatedthatthegascanreducegreenhousegas(GHG)releasebynearly90percent.Itishopedthattheplancanbeexpandedtosupplyfueltomorehomesaroundthecountry.The￡11millionplantusesbacteriatobreakdowngrassesandherbs,whichabsorbCO?whilegrowing,incertaincontainers.Thisproducesbiogaswhichisthenupgradedtobiomethane(生物甲烷)foruseinthegasnetwork.Anorganicfertiliser(肥料),whichisintendedtohelpgrowmoregrass,isalsoproduced.EcotricityownerDaleVincehopestoexpandacrossthecountry,buildingplantswhichreducetheuseofconventionalfuelswhileavoidingdamagetotheenvironment,andboostenergysecurity.Greengashaspreviouslybeenmadefromfoodwasteor“high-energy”cropssuchascorn,butbothfacesustainabilityissuesandproblemswithalackofsize.“Ourmixofgrassandherbsmakescarbonneutral(中性的)gas,pullingcarbonoutoftheatmosphere,”saidMr.Vince.“It’sacycleofcarbonratherthannetzerorelease.”AskedaboutEcotricity’sbiomethaneproject,aDepartmentforEnergySecurityandNetZerospokesmansaid:“InitiativeslikethisshowhowtheUKisleadinginthedevelopmentofinnovationsingreentechnologiesthatcanhelpincreaseourenergysecurity,tackleclimatechangeandbringdownpeople’sbills.”AspokesmanforSouthernGasNetworkssaid:“We’vepartneredwithEcotricitytodeliverthebiomethanetoaprojectatasiteinFarleyHillnearReading.Theprojectwillsupply5,300nearbypropertieswithrenewablegreengasforheatandpower,helpingtoreduceeachhousehold’sannualcarbonreleasebyabout2.2tonnes.”28.WhatisthefeatureofthegasfromEcotricity’splant?A.Itiseco-friendly. B.Itiscost-effective. C.Itisfreeofcarbon. D.Itiseasytoproduce.29.Whichaspectoftheplantismainlytalkedaboutinparagraph2?A.Itsfinancialstate. B.Itstechnicalprocess.C.Itsexpectedoutcome. D.Itsbreakdownsystem.30.Whatisthedisadvantageofpreviousgreengas?A.Insufficientsecurity. B.Contributiontofoodwaste.C.Dependenceonoldfuels. D.Unsustainabledevelopment.31.Whyarethespokesmen’swordscitedinthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Toprovetheproject’ssuccess. B.Toemphasizethebroadsupport.C.Toexplaintheproject’spotential. D.Todiscussenvironmentalbenefits.【答案】28.A29.B30.D31.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。本文介紹了一種新型環(huán)保氣體——草制氣體的生產(chǎn)過程、特點(diǎn)以及優(yōu)勢(shì)，并說明了該氣體將首次為數(shù)千戶家庭供暖?！?8題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第一段中的“Researchhasestimatedthatthegascanreducegreenhousegas(GHG)releasebynearly90percent.(研究表明，這種氣體可以減少近90%的溫室氣體排放。)”和第二段中的“The￡11millionplantusesbacteriatobreakdowngrassesandherbs,whichabsorbCO?whilegrowing,incertaincontainers.(這家耗資1100萬英鎊的工廠使用細(xì)菌來分解草和草藥，這些草和草藥在某些容器中生長(zhǎng)時(shí)會(huì)吸收二氧化碳。)”可知，該工廠生產(chǎn)的氣體是環(huán)保的。故選A項(xiàng)?！?9題詳析】主旨大意題。由文章第二段第一句“The￡11millionplantusesbacteriatobreakdowngrassesandherbs,whichabsorbCO?whilegrowing,incertaincontainers.(這家耗資1100萬英鎊的工廠使用細(xì)菌來分解草和草藥，這些草和草藥在某些容器中生長(zhǎng)時(shí)會(huì)吸收二氧化碳。)”和最后一句“Anorganicfertiliser(肥料),whichisintendedtohelpgrowmoregrass,isalsoproduced.(還生產(chǎn)了一種有機(jī)肥料，旨在幫助種植更多的草。)”可知，本段主要講述了工廠的技術(shù)流程。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第四段第一句“Greengashaspreviouslybeenmadefromfoodwasteor‘high-energy’cropssuchascorn,butbothfacesustainabilityissuesandproblemswithalackofsize.(以前，綠色氣體是由食物垃圾或玉米等高能作物制成的，但兩者都面臨可持續(xù)性問題以及規(guī)模不足的問題。)”可知，以前的綠色氣體不可持續(xù)發(fā)展。故選D項(xiàng)?！?1題詳析】推理判斷題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中一位能源安全和凈零排放部發(fā)言人的話“InitiativeslikethisshowhowtheUKisleadinginthedevelopmentofinnovationsingreentechnologiesthatcanhelpincreaseourenergysecurity,tackleclimatechangeandbringdownpeople’sbills.(這樣的舉措表明，英國(guó)在綠色技術(shù)創(chuàng)新方面處于領(lǐng)先地位，這些創(chuàng)新有助于提高我們的能源安全，應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化，降低人們的賬單。)”以及最后一段中南方天然氣網(wǎng)絡(luò)公司的另一位發(fā)言人的話“We’vepartneredwithEcotricitytodeliverthebiomethanetoaprojectatasiteinFarleyHillnearReading.Theprojectwillsupply5,300nearbypropertieswithrenewablegreengasforheatandpower,helpingtoreduceeachhousehold’sannualcarbonreleasebyabout2.2tonnes.(我們已與Ecotricity合作，將生物甲烷輸送到雷丁附近法利山的一個(gè)項(xiàng)目。該項(xiàng)目將為附近的5300處房產(chǎn)提供可再生綠色天然氣用于供暖和供電，有助于減少每戶家庭每年約2.2噸的碳排放。)”可知，他們分別表示支持Ecotricity的生物甲烷項(xiàng)目，并強(qiáng)調(diào)了該項(xiàng)目對(duì)能源安全、應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化和降低人們賬單的好處，由此可知，引用發(fā)言人的話是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)該項(xiàng)目的好處，解釋該項(xiàng)目的潛力。故選C項(xiàng)。DTherehavebeenfiresineveryAustralianstate,butNewSouthWaleshasbeenhardesthit.Fireshavetornthroughbushland(未開墾的叢林地帶),woodedareas,andnationalparks.Somestartandarecontrolledinafewdays,butthebiggestfireshavebeenburningformonths.EachyearthereisafireseasonduringtheAustraliansummer,withhot,dryweathermakingiteasyforfirestostartandspread.Naturalcausesareresponsibleforfiresmostofthetime,likelightninghitsindrought-affectedforests.DrylightningwastoblameforstartinganumberoffiresinlateDecember,whichthentraveledmorethan20kilometersinjustfivehours.Humanscanalsoberesponsible.Policehavecharged(指控)atleast24peoplewithstartingbushfiresonpurpose,andhavetakenactionagainst183peopleforsettingfiresinceNovember.ThefireseasoninAustraliaisalwaysdangerous—the2009BlackSaturdaybushfireskilled173peopleinVictoria,makingitthedeadliestbushfiredisasteronrecord.Butconditionshavebeenunusuallybadthisyear,makingfiresburnmorestronglyandmakingfirefightingconditionsparticularlydifficult.Australiaisexperiencingoneofitsworstdroughtsovertheyears.Meanwhile,aheatwaveinDecemberbroketherecordforthehighestnationwideaveragetemperature,withsomeplacesundertemperatureswellabove40degreesCelsius.Strongwindshavealsomadethefiresandsmokespreadmorerapidly,andhaveledtodeaths.AbouthalfabillionanimalshavebeenaffectedbythefiresacrossNSW,withmillionspossiblydead—andthat’slowerthanwhatisprobablytherealnumber.Thatnumberoftotalanimalsinfluencedcouldbeashighasonebillionnationwide.AlmostathirdofkoalasinNSWmayhavebeenkilledinthefires,andathirdoftheplaceswheretheylivehavebeendestroyed.Someanimals,likekoalas,aren’tinanyimmediatedangerofextinction(滅絕)becausetheyarespreadoutacrossthecountry.Butothersthatliveinmoresuitableenvironmentswithlowerpopulations,includingcertaintypesoffrogsandbirds,couldbedestroyedentirelyiftheirhomeishitbythefires.32.WhatdoweknowaboutfiresinAustralia?A.Theymaylastalongtime.B.Theyoftenhappeninwinter.C.TheyonlyhappeninNSW.D.Theyareeasilycontrolledinafewhours.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“heatwave”probablymean?A.Bigfire.B.Strongwind.C.Seriousdrought.D.Aperiodofhotweather.34.Whyaren’tkoalasindangerofextinctionatonce?A.Theycanrunfast.B.Theylivefarandwide.C.Theirhomeiswellprotected.D.Theyhavealowerpopulation.35.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellinthepassage?A.Deadlybushfiresaffectthelifeofhumansandanimals.B.ManycauseshavecontributedtothebushfiresinAustralia.C.Somespeciesareendangeredbecauseofthefrequentfires.D.Morefirmmeasuresshouldbetakentocontrolthefires.【答案】32.A33.D34.B35.A【語篇解讀】本文是篇說明文。文章主要講述了澳大利亞多發(fā)生火災(zāi)的原因和所造成的嚴(yán)重危害?！?2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Somestartandarecontrolledinafewdays,butthebiggestfireshavebeenburningformonths.”（一些火災(zāi)在幾天內(nèi)開始并得到控制，但最大的火災(zāi)已經(jīng)燃燒了幾個(gè)月。）可知，在澳大利亞，火災(zāi)可能會(huì)持續(xù)很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。故選A?！?3題詳析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段劃線詞所在句“Meanwhile,aheatwaveinDecemberbroketherecordforthehighestnationwideaveragetemperature,withsomeplacesundertemperatureswellabove40degreesCelsius.”（與此同時(shí)，12月的heatwave打破了全國(guó)最高平均氣溫的記錄，一些地方的氣溫遠(yuǎn)高于40攝氏度。）可知，一些地方的氣溫遠(yuǎn)高于40攝氏度，這說明氣溫很高，由此可推知，12月份的高溫打破了全國(guó)平均最高氣溫記錄，劃線單詞“heatwave”表示“高溫期、酷熱期”。故選D?！?4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Someanimals,likekoalas,aren’tinanyimmediatedangerofextinction(滅絕)becausetheyarespreadoutacrossthecountry.”（一些動(dòng)物，如考拉，沒有任何立即滅絕的危險(xiǎn)，因?yàn)樗鼈兎植荚谌珖?guó)各地。）可知，考拉沒有馬上滅絕的危險(xiǎn)，是因?yàn)樗鼈兎植荚谌珖?guó)各地，居住范圍廣泛。故選B?！?5題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“ThefireseasoninAustraliaisalwaysdangerous—the2009BlackSaturdaybushfireskilled173peopleinVictoria,makingitthedeadliestbushfiredisasteronrecord.”（澳大利亞的火災(zāi)季節(jié)總是很危險(xiǎn)——2009年的黑色星期六森林大火在維多利亞州造成173人死亡，成為有史以來最致命的森林大火。）、第四段“AbouthalfabillionanimalshavebeenaffectedbythefiresacrossNSW,withmillionspossiblydead—andthat’slowerthanwhatisprobablytherealnumber.”（新南威爾士州大約有5億只動(dòng)物受到火災(zāi)的影響，數(shù)百萬只動(dòng)物可能死亡——這比實(shí)際數(shù)字要低。）和最后一段“Butothersthatliveinmoresuitableenvironmentswithlowerpopulations,includingcertaintypesoffrogsandbirds,couldbedestroyedentirelyiftheirhomeishitbythefires.”（但其他一些生活在更適宜的環(huán)境中、人口較少的動(dòng)物，包括某些種類的青蛙和鳥類，如果它們的家被大火燒毀，可能會(huì)被完全摧毀。）可知，作者主要想告訴讀者致命的森林大火已經(jīng)嚴(yán)重影響了人類和動(dòng)物的生活。故選A。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Theunpredictablenatureofdisastersisstressful.___36___Here’swhatyoushoulddoinspecifictypesofdisasters.HurricaneWhenahurricaneisapproaching,peopleinitsdirectpathareoftenallheadingintheoppositedirection,whichmeansthetrafficonthewayoutcanbeextreme.___37___Ifyoudon’thaveacar,makeplanstogowithfriendsorfamily.What’smore,it’sveryimportanttopayattentiontoallgovernmentwarningsbeforeandduringahurricane.WinterstormsAccordingtotheFederalEmergencyManagementAgency,winterstormscreateahigherriskofcaraccidentsandseveralhealthconditionssuchasheartdisease.___38___Besides,remembertodresswarmly,prepareforpoweroutages(斷供期),andkeepaneyeoutforsignsofserioushealthconditions.Ifyouhavetoriskgoingout,remembertostaywarm.___39___Flood___40___Trytobringsomewaterandfoodwithyou.Ifyouliveinaone-storyhome,putmattresses(床墊)ontopofadiningroomtableforextraheightincasewaterrushesinside.Butbecarefulaboutgoinginsideanattic(閣樓).Youmayfindthatyoudon’thaveawaybackout.A.So,ifyou’regoingtoleave,leaveearly.B.That’swhyhavinganactionplaninplaceissoimportant.C.Tohelpminimizeyourrisk,you’readvisedtostayindoors.D.Coverasmuchskinasyoucanwithhats,warmsocks,gloves,etc.E.Duringaflood,it’sbesttogotoahighfloor,ideallynearawindow.F.Youcanseeifyourhomehasahighfloodriskthroughthefloodmaps.G.It’simportanttoensurethatallfamilymembers“knowtheplaninsideandout.”【答案】36.B37.A38.C39.D40.E【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了在特定類型的災(zāi)難中應(yīng)該做的事情，主要是面臨颶風(fēng)、冬季風(fēng)暴和洪水時(shí)的行動(dòng)?！?6題詳析】根據(jù)前文“Theunpredictablenatureofdisastersisstressful.（災(zāi)難的不可預(yù)測(cè)性讓人倍感壓力）”和后文“Here’swhatyoushoulddoinspecifictypesofdisasters.（以下是在特定類型的災(zāi)難中應(yīng)該做的事情）”可知，本段介紹針對(duì)災(zāi)難應(yīng)該采取相應(yīng)行動(dòng)這一話題，空處應(yīng)承接前文說明這種不可預(yù)測(cè)性帶來的影響。B項(xiàng)“That’swhyhavinganactionplaninplaceissoimportant.（這就是為什么制定一個(gè)行動(dòng)計(jì)劃是如此重要）”符合語境，其中的“That”指代前文的內(nèi)容。故選B?！?7題詳析】根據(jù)前文“Whenahurricaneisapproaching,peopleinitsdirectpathareoftenallheadingintheoppositedirection,whichmeansthetrafficonthewayoutcanbeextreme.（當(dāng)颶風(fēng)逼近時(shí)，在其直接路徑上的人們通常都朝著相反的方向前進(jìn)，這意味著出去的交通可能會(huì)非常擁擠）”可知，前文討論颶風(fēng)逼近時(shí)引起的交通擁堵問題，空處應(yīng)針對(duì)這一問題提出應(yīng)做的事情。A項(xiàng)“So,ifyou’regoingtoleave,leaveearly.（所以，如果你要走，就早點(diǎn)走）”符合語境。故選A?！?8題詳析】根據(jù)前文“AccordingtotheFederalEmergencyManagementAgency,winterstormscreateahigherriskofcaraccidentsandseveralhealthconditionssuchasheartdisease.（據(jù)聯(lián)邦緊急事務(wù)管理局稱，冬季風(fēng)暴會(huì)增加車禍和心臟病等幾種健康問題的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)）”可知，前文討論冬季風(fēng)暴增加健康問題的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，空處應(yīng)針對(duì)這一問題提出應(yīng)做的事情。C項(xiàng)“Tohelpminimizeyourrisk,you’readvisedtostayindoors.（為了降低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，建議你呆在室內(nèi)）”符合語境，其中的“minimizeyourrisk”與前文的“ahigherriskof”呼應(yīng)。故選C?！?9題詳析】根據(jù)前文“Ifyouhavetoriskgoingout,remembertostaywarm.（如果你必須冒險(xiǎn)外出，記得保暖）”可知，前文討論不得已在冬季風(fēng)暴的時(shí)候出門應(yīng)保暖，空處應(yīng)會(huì)具體說明如何保暖。D項(xiàng)“Coverasmuchskinasyoucanwithhats,warmsocks,gloves,etc.（用帽子、保暖的襪子、手套等盡可能多地覆蓋你的皮膚）”符合語境。故選D。【40題詳析】空處位于段首，應(yīng)討論洪水來臨時(shí)應(yīng)采取的行動(dòng)，且需和后文銜接。根據(jù)后文“Trytobringsomewaterandfoodwithyou.Ifyouliveinaone-storyhome,putmattresses(床墊)ontopofadiningroomtableforextraheightincasewaterrushesinside.（盡量帶些水和食物。如果你住在一層樓的房子里，在餐廳的桌子上放上床墊，增加高度，以防水涌入）”可推知，空處應(yīng)該會(huì)提到去往某個(gè)地方躲避洪水。E項(xiàng)“Duringaflood,it’sbesttogotoahighfloor,ideallynearawindow.（在洪水期間，最好去高的樓層，最好靠近窗戶）”符合語境。故選E。第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。LastyearIruinedmysummervac