廣東省深圳市2025屆高三年級(jí)下冊(cè) 一模考試 英語(yǔ)試卷（含解析）

2025年深圳市高三年級(jí)第一次調(diào)研考試

英語(yǔ)

2025.2

試卷共8頁(yè)，卷面滿分120分，折算成130分計(jì)入總分?？荚囉脮r(shí)120分鐘。

注意事項(xiàng)：

1.答題前，先將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫在答題卡上，并將準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)條形碼粘貼在答題卡

上的指定位置。用2B鉛筆將答題卡上試卷類型A后的方框涂黑。

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4.考試結(jié)束后，請(qǐng)將本試題卷和答題卡一并上交。

第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

A

Areyouinterestedinhowmarine（海洋的）ecosystemswork?Doyouwanttoknowmoreaboutmarine

animals?BowlingGreenStateUniversity（BGSU）hasoneofthefewcampsintheMidwestwherehighschool

studentscanexplorelifeatsea!

CampDates:June8-13>2025

Whatkindsofactivitiesdocampersgettodo?

,FieldtripstolocationsaroundNorthwestOhiotoexaminemarinelifeandenvironments

?Hands-onactivitiestopracticespecimen（標(biāo)本）collectionprocedures

,Designandrunanexperimentinourresearchlab

?Behind-the-scenetriptotheToledoZootolearnaboutmarineanimals

,Meetprofessionalstolearnwhatitmeanstobeamarinescientist

Whatdoesthecostcover?

TheBGSUMarineBiologycampwillofferbothresidentialandnon-residentialoptions.Thecostofthe

non-residentialprogramis$850,withanadditional$400feefortheresidentialoption.Thetotalprogramcost

coversroomandboard,allmaterialsforlabsandactivitiesaswellastransportationforfieldtrips.A10%discount

isavailableforearlyadmission.

ApplicationRequirements

?Letterofrecommendation

?Completetheonlineform

?Completeresponsestoshort-answerquestions

Note:Answerstoquestionsprovidedbyanyoneotherthanthatapplicantwilldisqualifytheapplication.

ApplicationDeadlines

,March2,2025一Tobeconsideredforearlyadmission.ApplicantswillbeinformedbyMarch14.

?April25.2025一GeneralApplicationDeadline.

Note:Allspacesmayfillafterselectionfromtheearlyadmissiondeadline.

1.Whatdoesthecampoffer?

A.Samplegatheringpractice.

B.Fieldtripstonaturemuseums.

C.Researchlabmembership.

D.Lecturesonmarineknowledge.

2Whatistheearlyadmissioncostfortheresidentialoption?

A.$400.B.$765.

C.$1,125.D.$1,250.

3.Whichofthefollowingwillresultinanapplicant'sdisqualification?

A.Forgettingtoconfirmadmission.

B.Providingresponsesgivenbyothers.

C.Missingtheearlyapplicationdeadline.

D.Failingtorecommendotherapplicants.

【答案】1A2.C3.B

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文，文章主要介紹了鮑林格林州立大學(xué)的夏令營(yíng)，高中生可以在那里探索海上生活。

【1題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Whatkindsofactivitiesdocampersgettodo?（營(yíng)員們可以參力口哪些活動(dòng)？）”部分中

“Hands-onactivitiestopracticespecimen（標(biāo)本）collectionprocedures（實(shí)踐標(biāo)本收集程序）”可知，該夏令營(yíng)提

供標(biāo)本收集練習(xí)，故選A。

【2題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Whatdoesthecostcover?（費(fèi)用包括什么？）”部分中uThecostofthenon-residential

programis$850,withanadditional$400feefortheresidentialoption.Thetotalprogramcostcoversroomand

board,allmaterialsforlabsandactivitiesaswellastransportationforfieldtrips.A10%discountisavailablefor

earlyadmission.俳住宿項(xiàng)目的費(fèi)用為850美元，住宿項(xiàng)目的額外費(fèi)用為400美元。項(xiàng)目總費(fèi)用包括食宿費(fèi)、

實(shí)驗(yàn)室和活動(dòng)的所有材料以及實(shí)地考察的交通費(fèi)。提前加入可享受九折優(yōu)惠）”可知，住宿項(xiàng)目總費(fèi)用為

850+400=1250美元，提前加入可以享受九折優(yōu)惠，即1250乂90%=1125美元，故選C。

【3題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"ApplicationRequirements（申請(qǐng)要求）“部分中aNote:Answerstoquestionsprovidedby

anyoneotherthanthatapplicantwilldisqualifytheapplication.（注：由申請(qǐng)人以外的人提供的問(wèn)題的答案將取消

申請(qǐng)資格）”可知，提供別人給出的答案會(huì)導(dǎo)致申請(qǐng)人被取消資格，故選B。

B

JulesVerneiswidelyregardedasoneofthefathersofsciencefiction.His"'ExtraordinaryVoyages（航海）”

seriestransportreadersongrandadventurestothefarreachesofEarthandbeyond.ButVernedidmorethanjust

tellentertainingstories-healsopredictedover1OOmodem-dayinventionsandtechnologiesinhiswritings.

Forexample,inthe1889shortstoryIntheYear2889,Vernepaintedapictureofahighlynetworkedworld

withglobalmultimediacommunications.Hedescribedthe“phonotelephone“whichsentsoundandimagesover

greatdistances.Themaincharacter,FritzNapoleonSmith,isabletoeasilycommunicateviathistechnologywith

hiswifeonanothercontinent:

“Mr.Smithwasabledistinctlytoseehiswifedespitethedistancethatseparatedhimfromher...Mrs.Smith

immediatelyappearedonthetelephoticscreen,withherfeaturessmilingandhereyesmoist（潮濕的）withtears.

Verne'stechnically-groundedadventuretalesrepresentedanewapproachtoimaginingthefuturethrough

fiction.Unlikeotherwritersofhisdaywhopennedmorefancifulorsupernaturalstories,Verneaimedforrealism

inhisfuturisticvisions,alwaysbasingthemoncutting-edgescienceandhisownextensiveresearch.Thislaidthe

foundationforthe“hardsciencefiction^^ofthe20thcenturyandbeyond.

Verneisoftenthoughtofasatechnologicaloptimist,achampionofscientificprogressandinnovation.Buthis

writingsalsorevealanotherperspective.Manyofhisstoriesfeatureabrilliantbutmadscientistwhoseinventions

ultimatelybringmoreharmthangood.CaptainNemoin20,000LeaguesUndertheSeauseshissubmarine（潛艇）

toviolentlyattackships.ForVemehumannaturedeterminedwhethertechnologywouldbeaforceforgoodora

sourceofdestruction.

ThespiritofadventureinVerne'stimelessstorieswillliveon,continuingtoinspiregenerationstopushthe

boundariesofthepossibleandcreatetheworldoftomorrow.Thatisperhapsthegreatestachievementofthe

extraordinaryvoyagesofJulesVerne.

4.HowdoesMr.SmithcontacthiswifeinIntheYear2889?

A.Byholdinganin-persontalk.B.Bymakingalong-distancecall.

C.Bysendingaletterbackhome.D.Byhavinganinstantvideochat.

5.Whatisthe“hardsciencefiction,,basedon?

A.Theunrealisticfantasies.B.Thefictionaltechnologies.

C.Thelatestresearchfindings.D.Theimaginedfutureworlds.

6.WhatcanweinferaboutVernefromCaptainNemo'sstory?

A.Heisdisappointedwithhumannature.

B.Heisawareofthedangeroftechnology.

C.Heisinfavourofscientificdevelopment.

D.Heisdifferentfromthewritersofhistime.

7.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesJulesVerneaccordingtothetext?

A.Strong-willed.B.Fantasy-seeking.

C.Positive-minded.D.Forward-thinking.

【答案】4.D5,C6.B7,D

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文，文章介紹了科幻小說(shuō)之父之一JulesVerne及其作品。

【4題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段"Hedescribedthe'phonotelephone，whichsentsoundandimagesovergreatdistances.

Themaincharacter,FritzNapoleonSmith,isabletoeasilycommunicateviathistechnologywithhiswifeon

anothercontinent（他描述了可以遠(yuǎn)距離傳送聲音和圖像的‘電話機(jī)'。主人公FritzN叩oleonSmith能夠通過(guò)

這種技術(shù)輕松地與他在另一個(gè)大陸的妻子交流）”和第三段中“Mr.Smithwasabledistinctlytoseehiswife

despitethedistancethatseparatedhimfromher...Mrs.Smithimmediatelyappearedonthetelephoticscreen,with

herfeaturessmilingandhereyesmoist（潮濕的）withtears.（Smith先生能夠清楚地看到他的妻子，盡管他和她

相隔很遠(yuǎn)……Smimth夫人立即出現(xiàn)在長(zhǎng)焦屏幕上，臉上帶著微笑，眼里含著淚水）”可知，Smith和妻子交

流時(shí)使用可以遠(yuǎn)距離傳送聲音和圖像的“電話機(jī)”，妻子的臉會(huì)出現(xiàn)在屏幕上，所以Smith是通過(guò)即時(shí)視頻

聊天和妻子聯(lián)系，故選D。

【5題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Unlikeotherwritersofhisdaywhopennedmorefancifulorsupernaturalstories,

Verneaimedforrealisminhisfuturisticvisions,alwaysbasingthemoncutting-edgescienceandhisownextensive

research.Thislaidthefoundationforthe"hardsciencefiction9ofthe20thcenturyandbeyond.（與同時(shí)代的其他作

家寫更多的幻想或超自然的故事不同，Verne在他的未來(lái)愿景中追求現(xiàn)實(shí)主義，總是基于前沿科學(xué)和他自己

的廣泛研究。這為20世紀(jì)及以后的‘硬科幻小說(shuō)'奠定了基礎(chǔ)）”可知，“硬科幻小說(shuō)”以最新的研究結(jié)果

為基礎(chǔ)，故選C。

【6題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Manyofhisstoriesfeatureabrilliantbutmadscientistwhoseinventions

ultimatelybringmoreharmthangood.CaptainNemoin20,000LeaguesUndertheSeauseshissubmarine（潛艇）

toviolentlyattackships.ForVernehumannaturedeterminedwhethertechnologywouldbeaforceforgoodora

sourceofdestruction4他的許多故事都描寫了一位才華橫溢但瘋狂的科學(xué)家，他的發(fā)明最終帶來(lái)的壞處大于

好處。在《海底兩萬(wàn)里》中，尼莫船長(zhǎng)使用他的潛艇猛烈攻擊船只。Verne認(rèn)為，人類的本性決定了技術(shù)是

善的力量還是毀滅的源泉）”可知，Verne描寫尼莫船長(zhǎng)使用他的潛艇猛烈攻擊船只，這是描寫科技帶來(lái)的

壞處，推知他意識(shí)到了科技的危險(xiǎn)，故選B。

【7題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“healsopredictedoverlOOmodem-dayinventionsandtechnologiesinhiswriting（他

還在他的作品中預(yù)言了100多種現(xiàn)代發(fā)明和技術(shù)）”和第四段中Vernettechnically-groundedadventuretales

representedanewapproachtoimaginingthefuturethroughfiction.（Veme以技術(shù)為基礎(chǔ)的冒險(xiǎn)故事代表了一種

通過(guò)小說(shuō)想象未來(lái)的新方法）”可知，Verne的作品預(yù)言了100多種現(xiàn)代發(fā)明和技術(shù)，以技術(shù)為基礎(chǔ)想象未

來(lái)世界，故他具有前瞻性思維，故選D。

C

Self-confidenceistrustinginourabilitiesorqualities.Ifsusuallyseenasagoodthing.Butisitpossiblethat

wemightbenefitfromalittlelessconfidenceinourbeliefs?

Formanyyears,Dr.MarkLeary,aneuroscientistatDukeUniversityinDurham,N.C.,hasstudiedtheroleof

people'sbeliefsintheirbehavior.Hefoundoverconfidenceisverycommon,especiallywhenitcomestowhat

peoplebelievetobetrue,andcanleadustodisastrousdecisions.In1986,NASAbelievedthattheriskoflossfor

anyspaceflightwasroughly1in100,000.Itwasanoverconfidentbeliefandmighthaveledtotheexplosionofthe

Challenger.Thegoodnewsisthatthere'sa"vaccine（疫苗）“foroverconfidence,andthafswhatscientistscall

（"intellectualhumility^^一recognizingthatyourbeliefscouldbewrong.

Asurveyof144collegestudentstomeasuretheirintellectualhumilityfoundthatstudentswhosawtheir

thinkingcouldbewrongtendedtobemorecuriousandmorelikelytoseekoutnewknowledge.Theyendedup

knowingmoreattheendoftheday.Butdoesitactuallyhelpyoubeyondthat?

Tofindoutmore,Dr.TenellePorteratBallStateUniversityconductedaseriesofstudieswithhighschool

students.Shefoundthatstudentswithintellectualhumilityweremuchmorelikelytotestthemselvestoseewhether

theyreallyunderstoodthematerialandseekoutpotentialholesintheirunderstanding.Whentheygottestscores,

they'dchangetheirstudystrategicstoimprovetheirperformanceandmasterthematerialforthenexttest.

Studentswhodidn'tseetheirknowledgecouldbewrongmightinsteadjustsailthroughtheirstudyingand

wouldn'tstoptoaskthemselvesiftheytrulyunderstoodwhattheyread,heard,ordid.Suchstudentsthoughtthey

gotasubjectdownpat,butwhenaskedtoexplainitonatest,theyfoundtheydidn'tactuallyunderstandasmuch

astheyhadthought.

Althoughitmightbegoodforyou,researchersrecognizethatquestioningyourbeliefscanbetrulyhard.Still,

ifsimportanttorememberthatquestioningbeliefsisn'talwaysaboutreplacingoldoneswithnewones.Ifyoufind

ithardtoquestionabelief,trytaking“babysteps.”

8.WhydoestheauthormentiontheexplosionoftheChallenger?

A.Toexpresshissorrowfortheloss.

B.Tostressthehighriskofspaceflights.

C.Toshowtheresultofwrongoperation.

D.Togiveanexampleofoverconfidence.

9.WhatdoweknowaboutintellectualhumilityaccordingtoPorter'sresearch?

A.Iturgedstudentstogainrecognition.

B.Itencouragedstudentstotakeexams.

C.Ithelpedstudentstoadjustlearningmethods.

D.Itmotivatedstudentstomemorizeknowledge.

10.Whatdotheunderlinedwords"gotasubjectdownpat“meaninparagraph5?

A.Fullymasteredasubject.B.Putgreateffortintoasubject

C.Reallyenjoyedasubject.D.Benefitedalotfromasubject.

11.Whatwillprobablybediscussedinthefollowingparagraphs?

A.Whyquestioningourbeliefishard.

B.Whyintellectualhumilityishelpful.

C.Howtobecomeaconfidentperson.

D.Howtopracticeintellectualhumility.

【答案】8.D9.C10.A11.D

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了科學(xué)家的研究，通過(guò)具體研究案例，來(lái)說(shuō)明智力謙遜如何幫助

人們更好地學(xué)習(xí)和調(diào)整學(xué)習(xí)策略。

【8題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二至第四句"Hefoundoverconfidenceisverycommon,especiallywhenitcomesto

whatpeoplebelievetobetrue,andcanleadustodisastrousdecisions.In1986,NASAbelievedthattheriskofloss

foranyspaceflightwasroughly1in100,000.Itwasanoverconfidentbeliefandmighthaveledtotheexplosionof

theChallenger.（他發(fā)現(xiàn)過(guò)度自信非常普遍，尤其是在人們認(rèn)為某件事情正確時(shí)，這種過(guò)度自信可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致災(zāi)

難性的決策。1986年，NASA認(rèn)為每次太空飛行發(fā)生損失的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)大約是1/100,000。這種過(guò)度自信的信念可

能引發(fā)了“挑戰(zhàn)者號(hào)”的爆炸）”可知，作者先介紹了科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)過(guò)度自信可能導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重后果，之后提及

1986年這起災(zāi)難。由此推知，提及“挑戰(zhàn)者號(hào)”爆炸是說(shuō)明過(guò)度自信會(huì)導(dǎo)致災(zāi)難的一個(gè)例子。故選D項(xiàng)。

【9題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第二、三句"Shefoundthatstudentswithintellectualhumilityweremuchmorelikelyto

testthemselvestoseewhethertheyreallyunderstoodthematerialandseekoutpotentialholesintheir

understanding.Whentheygottestscores,they'dchangetheirstudystrategicstoimprovetheirperformanceand

masterthematerialforthenexttest.（她發(fā)現(xiàn)，智力謙遜的學(xué)生更有可能去檢驗(yàn)自己是否真正理解了學(xué)習(xí)材料，

并尋找自己理解上的漏洞。當(dāng)他們看到考試成績(jī)時(shí)，他們會(huì)調(diào)整學(xué)習(xí)策略，以提高學(xué)習(xí)表現(xiàn)，并掌握好材

料為下一次考試做準(zhǔn)備）”可知，智力謙遜這種特質(zhì)會(huì)使學(xué)生及時(shí)反思自己的學(xué)習(xí)，相應(yīng)調(diào)整學(xué)習(xí)方法。故

選C項(xiàng)。

【10題詳解】

詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第五段第二句"Suchstudentsthoughttheygotasubjectdownpat,butwhenaskedtoexplainit

onatest,theyfoundtheydidn'tactuallyunderstandasmuchastheyhadthought.（這些學(xué)生以為自己對(duì)某個(gè)科目

gotdownpat,但在考試中被要求解釋時(shí)，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的理解并沒(méi)有自己想象的那么多）”可知，學(xué)生們?cè)?/p>

考試之前應(yīng)是對(duì)自己比較自信，認(rèn)為自己對(duì)該相關(guān)知識(shí)十分了解，或已經(jīng)全會(huì)了，但到考場(chǎng)答題時(shí)，才發(fā)

現(xiàn)自己會(huì)的不如原本所認(rèn)為的那么多。由此可知，gotasubjectdownpat應(yīng)是“對(duì)某科目了解很多”或“對(duì)

某科目完全掌握”之意。故選A項(xiàng)。

【11題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句"Thegoodnewsisthatthere'sa"vaccine（疫苗）"foroverconfidence,and

that,swhatscientistscall“intellectualhumility^^一recognizingthatyourbeliefscouldbewrong.（好消息是，過(guò)度

自信有一種“疫苗”，科學(xué)家稱之為“智力謙遜”一即認(rèn)識(shí)到你的信念可能是錯(cuò)誤的）”及全文最后一句

"Ifyoufindithardtoquestionabelief,trytaking"babysteps.”（如果你覺(jué)得很難質(zhì)疑一種信念，可以嘗試邁出

"一小步"）”可知，最后一句中所說(shuō)的"questionabelief”即前文所說(shuō)的“recognizingthatyourbeliefscould

bewrong"，也就是第二段最后一句引號(hào)中所言的“智力謙遜”。全文最后一句又說(shuō)，“可以嘗試邁出'一

小步’”。由此推知，所謂的“一小步”究竟該怎么做，會(huì)在下文進(jìn)行介紹，即如何練習(xí)做到“智力謙虛”。

故選D項(xiàng)。

D

Theabilitytodetectanearbypresencewithoutseeingortouchingitmaysoundfantastical——butifsareal

abilitythatsomecreatureshave.AfamilyofAfricanfishknownasMormyridsareweaklyelectric,andhave

specialorgansthatcanlocateanearbytarget,evenwhenit'shidinginthemud.Scientistshavenowdevelopedan

artificialsensorsystemmodelledontheabilityofthesefish.

“Wedevelopedanewstrategyfor3Dmotionpositioningbyelectronicskin,bio-inspiredby'electricfish',“

saysDr.XingeYu,anassociateprofessorintheDepartmentofBiomedicalEngineeringattheCityUniversityof

HongKong.Theteamdescribedtheire-skinsensorinapaperpublishedonNovember14inNature.

Theartificialsensorismulti-layered.Onelayeractsasatransmitter（發(fā)身寸器），whichwillgenerateanelectric

fieldonceactivated,andanotherlayeractsasareceivertodetectboththedirectionandthedistancetoanobject.A

separatecontrollercreatesthedrivingsignaltoactivatethetransmitter.Whenanobjectcomeswithinrange,the

electricfieldaroundthesensorisdisrupted（擾舌L）,whichinturncanbedetectedbythereceiver.Thisdataisthen

processedbyamicrocontrollerunit,whichcomputesthepositionofthetargetobjectandsendsthatinformationto

asmartphoneorotherdevices.

Aspecialbiogel（生物凝膠）isusedinthesensor,whichhastheabilitytotransmitandreceiveelectricsignals

fromapatternofmicrochannelsonthesurface.Theendresultisasensorthatisthin,softandflexible,makingit

cosytoadapttoirregularsurfaces,suchasthehumanbody.Incontrasttothetraditionalsensorsystemthatneedsa

largenumberofsensorstoachievespatialpositioning,thenewsystemcanlocateanobjectpreciselyin3Dspace

usingjustafewsensors.Thissignificantlyreducesthepowerconsumptionofdatacollection,transmission,and

processing.

Theresearchershopethatthissensorcouldonedayopenupanewrangeofwearabletechnologies,including

sensorsforhuman-machineinteractionandthin,flexiblee-skin.

12.Thefirstparagraphaimstoshow.

A.thespecialabilityofAfricanfish

B.theinspirationforanewinvention

C.thebigchallengeoflocatingobjects

D.thereasonfordevelopingasensor

13.Whatisthecorrectorderofthesystem'sworkingprocedures?

a.Thetransmittercreatesanelectricfield.

b.Aunitcomputesthepositionofthetarget,

c.Thecontrollersendstheactivatingsignal.

d.Thereceiverdetectsthechangeofelectricsignals.

e.Theelectricfieldisdisruptedbyanapproachingobject.

A.c-a-e-d-b.B.c-a-d-e-b.

C.a-c-e-d-b.D.a-e-c-d-b.

14.Whatisanadvantageofthenewsensorsystem?

A.Itssensitivitytodifferentstimulations.

B.Itsadaptationtoenvironmentalchanges.

C.Itsefficiencyinachieving3Dpositioning.

D.Itsspeedindatacollectionandprocessing.

15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.MachineDetective"Wears"FlexibleE-skin

B.Bio-inspiredSensor4<Feels^^WithoutTouching

C.E-SkinSensor:TheFutureofMachineLearning

D.ElectricFields:TheFrontierofObjectDetection

【答案】12.B13.A14.C15.B

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。本文介紹了一種仿生傳感器，靈感來(lái)自一種魚(yú)類，無(wú)需觸摸即可感知物體的位

置。

【12題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“AfamilyofAfricanfishknownasMormyridsareweaklyelectric,andhavespecial

organsthatcanlocateanearbytarget,evenwhenit'shidinginthemud.Scientistshavenowdevelopedanartificial

sensorsystemmodelledontheabilityofthesefish.（一種被稱為電魚(yú)的非洲魚(yú)類是弱電性的，有特殊的器官可

以定位附近的目標(biāo)，即使它躲在泥里?？茖W(xué)家們現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)開(kāi)發(fā)出一種以這些魚(yú)的能力為模型的人工傳感器

系統(tǒng)）”可知，第一段主要介紹了一種魚(yú)類，有特殊的器官可以定位附近的目標(biāo)，受此啟發(fā)，科學(xué)家們開(kāi)發(fā)

出一種以這些魚(yú)的能力為模型的人工傳感器系統(tǒng)，由此可知，第一段旨在介紹一個(gè)新發(fā)明的靈感。故選B

項(xiàng)。

【13題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容“Theartificialsensorismulti-layered.Onelayeractsasatransmitter（發(fā)射器）,

whichwillgenerateanelectricfieldonceactivated,andanotherlayeractsasareceivertodetectboththedirection

andthedistancetoanobject.Aseparatecontrollercreatesthedrivingsignaltoactivatethetransmitter.Whenan

objectcomeswithinrange,theelectricfieldaroundthesensorisdisrupted（擾舌L）,whichinturncanbedetectedby

thereceiver.Thisdataisthenprocessedbyamicrocontrollerunit,whichcomputesthepositionofthetargetobject

andsendsthatinformationtoasmartphoneorotherdevices.（人工傳感器是多層的。一層充當(dāng)發(fā)射器，一旦激活

就會(huì)產(chǎn)生電場(chǎng)，另一層充當(dāng)接收器，檢測(cè)物體的方向和距離。一個(gè)單獨(dú)的控制器產(chǎn)生驅(qū)動(dòng)信號(hào)來(lái)激活發(fā)射

器。當(dāng)物體進(jìn)入范圍內(nèi)時(shí)，傳感器周圍的電場(chǎng)會(huì)被擾亂，這反過(guò)來(lái)又可以被接收器檢測(cè)到。然后，微控制

器單元處理這些數(shù)據(jù)，計(jì)算目標(biāo)物體的位置，并將該信息發(fā)送到智能手機(jī)或其他設(shè)備）”可知，工作過(guò)程是

控制器發(fā)送激活信號(hào)，發(fā)射器產(chǎn)生電場(chǎng)，電場(chǎng)被接近的物體擾亂，接收器檢測(cè)電信號(hào)的變化，一個(gè)微控制

器單元計(jì)算目標(biāo)的位置，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，系統(tǒng)工作程序的正確順序是“c-a-e-d-b”。故選A項(xiàng)。

【14題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Incontrasttothetraditionalsensorsystemthatneedsalargenumberofsensors

toachievespatialpositioning,thenewsystemcanlocateanobjectpreciselyin3Dspaceusingjustafewsensors.

Thissignificantlyreducesthepowerconsumptionofdatacollection,transmission,andprocessing.（與需要大量傳

感器來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)空間定位的傳統(tǒng)傳感器系統(tǒng)相比，新系統(tǒng)可以使用幾個(gè)傳感器在3D空間中精確定位物體。這大

大降低了數(shù)據(jù)收集、傳輸和處理的功耗）”可知，新傳感器系統(tǒng)在實(shí)現(xiàn)3D定位方面的效率更高，大大降低

了數(shù)據(jù)收集、傳輸和處理的功耗，由此可知，新傳感器系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是它在實(shí)現(xiàn)3D定位方面的效率更高。故

選C項(xiàng)。

【15題詳解】

主旨大意題。通讀全文，結(jié)合第一段中“AfamilyofAfHcanfishknownasMonnyridsareweaklyelectric,and

havespecialorgansthatcanlocateanearbytarget,evenwhenifshidinginthemud.Scientistshavenow

developedanartificialsensorsystemmodelledontheabilityofthesefish.（一種被稱為電魚(yú)的非洲魚(yú)類是弱電性

的，有特殊的器官可以定位附近的目標(biāo)，即使它躲在泥里?？茖W(xué)家們現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)開(kāi)發(fā)出一種以這些魚(yú)的能力

為模型的人工傳感器系統(tǒng)）”可知，文章主要介紹了受生物啟發(fā)開(kāi)發(fā)的一種新型傳感器，該傳感器能夠通過(guò)

電場(chǎng)感知物體而無(wú)需接觸，具備靈活、高效的特點(diǎn)。B選項(xiàng)"Bio-inspiredSensor“Feels"WithoutTouching（受

生物啟發(fā)的傳感器“無(wú)需接觸即可感知"）”準(zhǔn)確概括了文章的核心內(nèi)容。故選B項(xiàng)。

第二節(jié)（共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）

閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選

項(xiàng)。

Greenroofshavebeenaroundforthousandsofyears,longbeforemodemhousingwasdeveloped.Fromthe

simplegrass-coveredroofsabovecavestothefamousHangingGardensofBabylon,theyremainedanimportant

partofarchitecture.16Theybringenormousenvironmentalbenefitsandoffersolutionstosomepressing

ecologicalchallengesofourtime.

Inthedesignofagreenroof^therearekeyfactorsthatcount.Thefirststepistoinstall（安裝）aprotective

layerovertherooftopreventwaterdamage.17Ifsessentialtochoosehigh-qualitymaterials,asoncethe

greenroofiscompletedandthebuildingisinuse,replacingtheprotectivelayerbecomesdifficultandexpensive.

Next,adrainage（排水）layer,whichisoftenmadeofpebblesoraspecialmat,isplacedontop.Ithelpswater

flowofftheroofinsteadofpoolingonit.Then,agrowingmedium,likesoilorothersimilarmaterials,isspread

overthedrainagelayer.]8

Nowit'stimetochooseplantsfortheroof.Someplantshaveshallowrootsystemsanddon'tneedmuchwater.

]9Sedumandchivesaregoodexamplesofsuchplants.Theyarenotonlywater-efficientbuttoughand

long-lasting.

20It'simportanttothinkaboutyourbudget.Onaverage,itcosts$25to$30persquarefootto

installagreenroof.Thisdoesn'tincludethecostofinstallingorrepairingthenormalroofunderneath.Andthereis

labourcosttocover.Ifatraditionalroofcosts$30persquarefoot,installingagreenroofcouldeasilydoublethat

expense.

A.Thisiswheretheplantswillgrow.

B.However,greenroofscomeatahighcost.

C.Today,greenroofsaregainingmoreattention.

D.Thesefeaturesmakethemidealforgreenroofs.

E.Asaresult,theyledtothepopularityofgreenroofs.

F.Greenroofmaterialscanrangefromgrasstosolarpanels.

G.Thelayeralsostopsplantrootsgrowingintotheroofstructure.

【答案】16.C17.G18.A19.D20.B

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了綠色屋頂給現(xiàn)代生活帶來(lái)的好處及它的建造過(guò)程。

【16題詳解】

根據(jù)下文“Theybringenormousenvironmentalbenefitsandoffersolutionstosomepressingecological

challengesofourtime.（它們帶來(lái)了巨大的環(huán)境效益，并為我們這個(gè)時(shí)代一些緊迫的生態(tài)挑戰(zhàn)提供了解決方

案。）”可知，綠色屋頂給現(xiàn)代生活帶來(lái)的好處，C項(xiàng)“如今，綠色屋頂越來(lái)越受到人們的關(guān)注?！蹦軌蛞?/p>

起下文，介紹人們關(guān)注綠色屋頂?shù)脑?，因?yàn)樗鼈儊?lái)了巨大的環(huán)境效益。故選C。

【17題詳解】

根據(jù)上文“Thefirststepistoinstall（安裝）aprotectivelayerovertherooftopreventwaterdamage.（第一步是在

屋頂上安裝保護(hù)層，以防止水損壞。）”可知，上文告訴我們綠色屋頂?shù)牡谝徊绞窃谖蓓斏习惭b保護(hù)層，以

防止水損壞，G項(xiàng)“該層還可以阻止植物根系生長(zhǎng)到屋頂結(jié)構(gòu)中?！蹦軌虺薪由衔模榻B了安裝保護(hù)層的

另一個(gè)原因，可以阻止植物根系生長(zhǎng)到屋頂結(jié)構(gòu)中。故選G。

【18題詳解】

根據(jù)上文“Then,agrowingmedium,likesoilorothersimilarmaterials,isspreadoverthedrainagelayer.（然后，

將土壤或其他類似材料等生長(zhǎng)介質(zhì)鋪在排水層上。）”可知，上文告訴我們要在排水層上鋪生長(zhǎng)介質(zhì)，A項(xiàng)

“這是植物生長(zhǎng)的地方?！蹦軌虺薪由衔模寥阑蚱渌愃撇牧系壬L(zhǎng)介質(zhì)是植物生長(zhǎng)的地方。故選A。

【19題詳解】

根據(jù)上文“Nowifstimetochooseplantsfortheroof.Someplantshaveshallowrootsystemsanddon'tneed

muchwater.（現(xiàn)在是時(shí)候?yàn)槲蓓斶x擇植物了。有些植物根系較淺，不需要太多的水。）”可知，上文告訴我們

為屋頂選擇植物時(shí)，可以選擇根系較淺，不需要太多的水的植物，D項(xiàng)“這些特性使其成為綠色屋頂?shù)睦?/p>

想選擇?！蹦軌虺薪由衔?，說(shuō)明根系較淺，不需要太多的水的植物是綠色屋頂?shù)睦硐脒x擇。故選D。

[20題詳解】

根據(jù)下文"t'simportanttothinkaboutyourbudget.Onaverage,itcosts$25to$30persquarefoottoinstalla

greenroof.（考慮一下你的預(yù)算很重要。平均而言，安裝綠色屋頂?shù)某杀緸槊科椒接⒊?5至30美元。）”可

知，安裝綠色屋頂價(jià)格不菲，B項(xiàng)“然而，綠色屋頂?shù)某杀竞芨摺！蹦軌蛞鹣挛模挛木唧w介紹了綠色

屋頂?shù)母叱杀?。故選B。

第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分）

閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。

Ionceworkedintheremotebutbeautifulcountryside.Allfarmworkcan,inmyexperience,21a

persontodevelopaSpartan（斯巴達(dá)的）spirit.

Fromtheageofeight,Ihadtocontributemyshareof22alongwithmyparentsandtwoelder

brothers.Onthehottestsummerdayswhentheair23flowed,Ikneltinapaddyfield（稻田）withmy

kneesdeepinmud.Thebugsandwormsinthewater24intomyskin,andthesunburneduponmy

25.back.Sweatstreameddown;ifadropranintotheeyes,itwould26tears.SoIalwayskept

myfaceaslowaspossible.

Itoldmyself,"Be?7!”Ifmyparentsandbrotherscouldgoontakingit,socouldI.28I

pulledmyselftogetheranddraggedmyselfforward.Ilearnednottobeafraidofdifficultiesandthemeaningof

“youreap（收獲）whatyou29

“Judgeamannotbyhisface,butbyhis30Jmymotherusedtosay.Thelandis31as

longasyouarewillingtoworkonit.Whenthewindblewandthericeplantsmovedlike32inthesea,

breathtakinglybeautiful,adeepsenseofsatisfaction33inme.

AlthoughlaterIwentintoacademicresearch,Ishallalwaysrememberwhatworkinginthepaddyfields

taughtme:34yourfeetfirmlyontheground,nevergiveupandyouwillbe35

21.A.remindB.warnC.attractD.train

22.A.wealthB.luckC.labourD.wisdom

23.A.gentlyB.hardlyC.loudlyD.usually

24.A.climbedB.bitC.cutD.fell

25.A.archedB.broadC.strongD.straightened

26.A.holdB.produceC.dropD.replace

27.A.quickB.proudC.quietD.patient

28.A.SlowlyB.SlightlyC.SafelyD.Sadly

29.A.pickB.findC.sowD.wish

30.A.fieldsB.