項(xiàng)目一車(chē)輛制動(dòng)裝置課件

車(chē)輛制動(dòng)裝置

制動(dòng)機(jī)發(fā)展史DevelopmentHistoryofBrakingSystems主講人李西安ZHENGZHOURAILWAYVOCATIONAL&TECHNICALCOLLEGEVehicleBrakingDevice項(xiàng)目一ITEMONESpeakerLiXi’an客車(chē)制動(dòng)機(jī)(PassengerCarBrakeSystems)一、該型空氣制動(dòng)機(jī)的組成特點(diǎn)是，設(shè)有一個(gè)較大的附加風(fēng)缸5，其容積是副風(fēng)缸容積的2.5倍，以備階段緩解和緊急制動(dòng)增壓時(shí)使用。

Themainstructuralcharacteristicofthistypeofairbrakesystemisthepresenceofalargeradditionalreservoir5withavolume2.5timesthatoftheauxiliarycylinder.Thissadditionalreservoir5isdesignedforstagereliefandemergencybrakeboostingpurposes.階段緩解時(shí)副風(fēng)缸可實(shí)現(xiàn)迅速再充氣，有利于施行連續(xù)制動(dòng)。

Theauxiliarycylindercanquicklyrechargeduringstagerelease,facilitatingcontinuousbraking.緊急制動(dòng)時(shí)可實(shí)現(xiàn)制動(dòng)缸的增壓作用，保證旅客列車(chē)安全運(yùn)行。

Duringemergencybraking,itenhancesthepressureinthebrakecylinderandensuresthesafeoperationofpassengertrains.（一）LN型空氣制動(dòng)機(jī)LNAirBrakeSystem客車(chē)制動(dòng)機(jī)(Passenger

CarBrakeSystems)一、104型分配閥6由中間體、主閥、緊急閥三部分組成，中間體分別與副風(fēng)缸、制動(dòng)缸、壓力風(fēng)缸、制動(dòng)管相連接。The104typedistributingvalve6iscomposedofanintermediatebody,mainvalveandemergencyvalve.Theintermediatebodyisconnectedtotheauxiliaryreservoir,brakecylinder,pressureaircylinderandbrakepipes.104型分配閥內(nèi)的活塞采用了橡膠模板結(jié)構(gòu)，減少了阻力，減少了漏泄現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生。Thepistoninsidethe104typedistributingvalveutilizesarubbertemplatestructuretoreduceresistanceandminimizeleakage.（二）104型空氣制動(dòng)機(jī)104AirBrakeSystem客車(chē)制動(dòng)機(jī)(PassengerCarBrakeSystems)一、（三）104型電空制動(dòng)機(jī)

104Electric-PneumaticBrakeSystem

104型電空制動(dòng)機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)型式是在104型空氣制動(dòng)機(jī)的基礎(chǔ)上設(shè)計(jì)而成的，主要是增設(shè)了電磁閥安裝座，并將其安裝在104型制動(dòng)機(jī)的主閥和中間體之間，原主閥與中間體的相關(guān)氣路依舊相通。Thestructureofthe104electric-pneumaticbrakesystemisdesignedbasedonthe104airbrakesystem.Itmainlyaddsanelectromagneticvalvemountingseatandinstallsitbetweenthemainvalveandtheintermediatebodyofthe104brakesystem,maintainingtheconnectivityoftheoriginalairpassagesbetweenthemainvalveandtheintermediatebody.

104型電空制動(dòng)機(jī)還增加了一個(gè)容積為40L的緩解風(fēng)缸，用來(lái)加快制動(dòng)管的增壓速度，使各車(chē)輛迅速處于緩解狀態(tài)。The104electric-pneumaticbrakesystemalsoincludesa40Lreliefreservoirtoacceleratethepressurebuild-upinthebrakepipe,ensuringthatallvehiclesquicklyentertherelievedstate.客車(chē)制動(dòng)機(jī)(

PassengerCarBrakeSystems)一、

F8型電空制動(dòng)機(jī)是為了適應(yīng)鐵路客車(chē)提速和擴(kuò)大列車(chē)編組的需要而設(shè)計(jì)的新型客車(chē)制動(dòng)機(jī)。Thisisanewtypeofbusbrakedesignedtomeettheneedsofspeedinguprailwaybusesandexpandingtrainsets.（四）F8型電空制動(dòng)機(jī)F8Electric-PneumaticBrakeSystemF8型分配閥6由主閥、輔助閥和中間體三部分組成，中間體分別與副風(fēng)缸、制動(dòng)缸、壓力風(fēng)缸、制動(dòng)管相連接。TheF8distributingvalve6iscomposedofamainvalve,anauxiliaryvalveandanintermediatebody.Theintermediatebodyisconnectedtotheauxiliaryreservoir,brakecylinder,pressureaircylinderandbrakepipe.F8型電空制動(dòng)機(jī)在電空閥箱10內(nèi)裝有緩解電磁閥、常用制動(dòng)電磁閥和緊急制動(dòng)電磁閥，實(shí)現(xiàn)了快速列車(chē)中各車(chē)輛同時(shí)制動(dòng)同時(shí)緩解的性能，避免了列車(chē)的縱向沖擊。Theelectric-pneumaticvalvecabinet10oftheF8electric-pneumaticbrakesystemisequippedwithreliefsolenoidvalves,commonlyusedbrakesolenoidvalvesandemergencybrakesolenoidvalves,enablingsimultaneousbrakingandreliefofallvehiclesinahigh-speedtrain,therebyavoidinglongitudinalshocks.同時(shí)該電空制動(dòng)機(jī)也加速了制動(dòng)和緩解作用的發(fā)生。Additionally,thiselectric-pneumaticbrakesystemacceleratestheoccurrenceofbrakingandreliefactions.貨車(chē)制動(dòng)機(jī)(AirBrakeSystemforTrucks)二、（一）GK型空氣制動(dòng)GKAirBrakeSystemGK型空氣制動(dòng)機(jī)是在原安裝K2型三通閥的制動(dòng)機(jī)的基礎(chǔ)上改造而成的。TheGKAirBrakeSystemisamodifiedversionbasedontheoriginalbrakesystemwithK2-typetriplevalve.使用在載重50t及其以上的大型貨車(chē)上。Usedonlargelorrieswithaloadcapacityof50tandabove.“G”是漢語(yǔ)拼音“改”字的第一個(gè)字母，K表示K型三通閥，“GK”就是改造K型制動(dòng)機(jī)的意思。"G"isthefirstletterofHanyuPinyin"改",KmeansK-typethree-wayvalve,"GK"istotransformthemeaningofK-typebrake.貨車(chē)制動(dòng)機(jī)(AirBrakeSystemforTrucks)二、（二）103型空氣制動(dòng)機(jī)103AirBrakeSystem其組成特點(diǎn)是以103型分配閥5代替了舊型制動(dòng)機(jī)中的三通閥，設(shè)有一個(gè)容積為11L的壓力風(fēng)缸9，分配閥本身設(shè)有空重車(chē)調(diào)整部，其調(diào)整裝置是通過(guò)伸向車(chē)體兩側(cè)的杠桿和手柄配套使用的，扳動(dòng)手柄即可調(diào)整為空車(chē)位或重車(chē)位。Itsdistinctivefeatureisthereplacementofthetraditionaltriplevalveintheoldbrakesystemwiththe103-typedistributionvalve5.Itisequippedwithan11-literpressureaircylinder9andthedistributionvalveitselfhasanempty-loadedvehicleadjustmentsection.Theadjustmentdeviceisoperatedthroughleversandhandlesextendingtobothsidesofthevehiclebody,allowingadjustmentbetweenemptyandloadedpositionsbymanipulatingthehandle.103型空氣制動(dòng)機(jī)是以我國(guó)自行設(shè)計(jì)制造的103型貨車(chē)分配閥命名的The103AirBrakeSystemisnamedafterthe103-typetruckdistributionvalvedesignedandmanufacturedinChina.貨車(chē)制動(dòng)機(jī)(AirBrakeSystemforTrucks)二、在列車(chē)緩解時(shí)，加速緩解閥動(dòng)作，制動(dòng)機(jī)產(chǎn)生制動(dòng)管局部增壓作用，從而加快了制動(dòng)管的充氣速度，提高了列車(chē)的緩解波速。Duringtrainrelease,thequickreliefvalveactivates,generatinglocalpressureincreaseinthebrakepipe,therebyacceleratingtheinflationspeedandimprovingthereleasespeedofthetrain.120型制動(dòng)機(jī)還設(shè)置了半自動(dòng)緩解閥，它是靠人工拉動(dòng)該緩解閥的手柄后，就可以使制動(dòng)缸的壓縮空氣直接排人大氣，達(dá)到制動(dòng)機(jī)緩解的目的。The120-typesystemalsofeaturesasemi-automaticreliefvalve,whichcanbemanuallyoperatedbypullingthehandletodirectlyventthecompressedairfromthebrakecylinderintotheatmosphere,achievingbrakerelease.使用時(shí)，在拉動(dòng)半自動(dòng)緩解閥手柄約3-5s聽(tīng)到制動(dòng)缸的排氣聲后，即可松開(kāi)手柄，制動(dòng)缸的壓縮空氣會(huì)自動(dòng)排盡，不需要長(zhǎng)時(shí)間拉著手柄或在手柄處夾放木楔。Afterhearingtheexhaustsoundfromthebrakecylinderforabout3-5seconds,thehandlecanbereleasedandthecompressedairinthebrakecylinderwillbeautomaticallydischarged.Thereisnoneedtopullonthehandleforlongperiodsoftimeortoclampandplacewoodenwedgesa