第06講 非謂語動詞之動詞不定式（講義）-2024年中考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)講練測（全國）（學(xué)生版）

?第06講非謂語動詞之動詞不定式（講義）【復(fù)習(xí)目標(biāo)】1.掌握動詞不定式的結(jié)構(gòu)和句法功能，重點復(fù)習(xí)不定式作狀語、賓語和補(bǔ)語2.動詞不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)3.不定式的特殊用法4.不定式符號to的省略5.跟動詞不定式的情況總結(jié)歸納6.練透近年中考真題中關(guān)于非謂語動詞的題目，感悟高考命題規(guī)律和特點，實現(xiàn)高效備考?！究记榉治觥繌慕曛锌季砜梢钥闯?，對非謂語動詞中不定式的考查是必考點，主要是考查非謂語動詞作補(bǔ)語、定語和目的狀語以及不定式作形式主語?？疾榈亩际遣欢ㄊ降幕居梅?，但是題目的設(shè)置更加注重語境以及情景化和結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜化，加大了考生對題干的理解難度。因此，2024年中考備考要掌握不定式相關(guān)用法，熟悉動詞不定式常用搭配。名詞題型命題規(guī)律非謂語動詞的動詞不定式是歷年中考必考知識點。從考查形式看，一般有單項選擇、完形填空、詞語運(yùn)用等。所占分值通常為非謂語動詞的動詞不定式是歷年中考必考知識點。從考查形式看，一般有單項選擇、完形填空、詞語運(yùn)用等。所占分值通常為2～4分。從命題意圖看，側(cè)重考查考生的具體語言環(huán)境中使用非謂語動詞的能力?！揪W(wǎng)絡(luò)構(gòu)建】非謂語動詞指不能單獨(dú)作謂語，但同時仍保留動詞某些特征的動詞形式。非謂語動詞主要包括不定式、動名詞和分詞（現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞）。構(gòu)成：（to）+動詞原形動詞不定在句中的作用（主、賓、表、賓補(bǔ)、定、狀）非謂構(gòu)成：V.-ing語動名詞動用法（主、賓、表、定）詞構(gòu)成：現(xiàn)在分詞doing過去分詞done分詞用法（表、補(bǔ)、定、狀）考向一動詞不定式的結(jié)構(gòu)和句法功能動詞不定式的結(jié)構(gòu)動詞不定時的構(gòu)成：不定式的基本形式為：to+動詞原形，有時可以不用to，這里的to是不定式符號，本身無詞義，動詞不定式的否定形式是not+（to+）動詞原形?？隙ㄊ剑簍o+動詞原形It’snicetomeetyou.(2)否定式：notto+動詞原形Hetoldmenottoleavethisroom(to是不定式符號，無意義，有時可以不帶)動詞不定式的句法功能功能例句說明主語TospeakEnglishisnoteasyforus=ItisnoteasyforustospeakEnglish.作主語用的不定式，常常用it作形式主語，而把不定式放在后面。表語Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.=Tocleantheroomeverydayismywork.多數(shù)情況下，不定式作表語，可轉(zhuǎn)換作為主語。賓語—Whatsportsdoesheliketoplay?—Helikestoplaybasketball.只能做某些動詞的賓語，一般不作介詞的賓語。賓補(bǔ)Mymothermademeplaythepianoallthetime.在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役、感官動詞后，不定式省略to。定語Haveyougotanythingtosay?不定式作定語，要放在所修飾詞的后面。狀語I'msorrytotroubleyou.（表原因）。IwenttothelibrarytostudyEnglish.（表目的）不定式作狀語，其邏輯主語要和句子的主語一致。不定式作主語動詞不定式作主語時，常用it作形式主語，而將真正的主語放在句末其結(jié)構(gòu)為：①Itis+adj.+for/ofsb.+(not)todosth.意為＂做某事對某人來說是……＂。②Ittakessb.+sometime+todosth.意為＂做某事花費(fèi)某人多長時間＂如：TolearnEnglishwellisuseful.→ItisusefultolearnEnglishwell.It’simportantforustoprotecttheenvironment.注意：在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品質(zhì)的形容詞后，不用for而用of。如：It'sverykindofyoutohelpme.你幫助我真是太好啦。不定式作賓語有些謂語動詞后只能用不定式作賓語，常見的這類詞是表示命令、打算或希望的，如：wouldlike,like,want,wish,hope,decide,plan,expect等。如：Wouldyouliketoseeafilmthisevening?你今晚想去看電影嗎？②在find,think后跟不定式作賓語時，常用it代替，而將真正的賓語放在后面。如：IfinditeasytoreadEnglisheveryday.3.不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語tell,ask,want,allow,warn,advise,invite,get,encourage后常跟動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。如：Lucyaskedhimtoturndowntheradio.MymotherencouragesmetolearnJapanese.我媽媽鼓勵我學(xué)日語。4.不定式作定語不定式作定語時，應(yīng)放在名詞之后。它與名詞有邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系。注意：如果是不及物動詞，且與所修飾的詞之間有動賓關(guān)系，要在不定式后加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。Thereisnothingtoworryabout.沒有什么可擔(dān)心的。Theroomisbigenoughfor10peopletolivein.表示一般的概念時，不定式、動詞-ing形式可以互換，而表示具體的、個別的動作或有將來含義時，一般用不定式。Whatshelikesiswatching/towatchchildrenplay.她喜歡的事情就是看孩子們玩耍。Mywishistobecomeagoodteacher.我的愿望就是要當(dāng)個好老師。注意：下列情況下不定式作表語通常省略to：（1）主語是all其后有that引導(dǎo)的定語從句或what引導(dǎo)的從句，且從句中含有do的某種形式時。（2）主語是theonly，thefirst，thelast，形容詞最高級或被這些詞修飾，主語后有定語從句，且定語從句中含有do的某種形式時。Allyouneedtodonowiscompletetheform.你現(xiàn)在要做的是把這張表填好。WhatIwanttodomostinseniorhighschoolisimprovemyEnglish.我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英語水平。Theonlythingtodonowisgoon.前進(jìn)是現(xiàn)在唯一的出路。不定式作狀語不定式?？捎米鳡钫Z，修飾動詞，表示行為的目的、結(jié)果和原因。Togetthereontime,wesetoutatfiveinthemorning.Hegoestheretoenjoythefreshair.Heworkeddayandnighttogetthemoney.考向二動詞不定式的特殊用法不定式的特殊用法①使役動詞和感官動詞后跟動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，須省略to。此類動詞有：一感(feel)、二聽(hear,listento)、三讓(let,make,have)、四看(lookat,see,watch,notice)、五幫(help)。變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，省略的to則要加上。②動詞不定式的否定形式是nottodo，其被動形式為tobedone。?Ourteacheraskedusnottoswimintheriveralone.我們老師要求我們不要獨(dú)自一人在河里游泳。③常接＂疑問詞+帶to的不定式＂的動詞有teach,show,tell,learn,findout,decide,know,forget等。?Mymothertaughtmehowtocookyesterday.昨天我媽媽教我如何做飯?？枷蚨鷦釉~不定式的情況總結(jié)歸納跟動詞不定式的情況總結(jié)歸納：（加強(qiáng)記憶）=1\*GB3①動詞：agreetodo同意去做；affordtodo買得起；decidetodo決定去做某事；hopetodo希望去做；wishtodo希望去做；failtodo做某事失敗去；plantodo打算去做；pretendtodo假裝去做；refusetodo拒絕去做；wouldliketodo=wanttodo想要去做某事；learntodo學(xué)做；prefertodosth.喜歡（愛）做某事；sb.seemtodosth好像做某事；usedtodosth.過去常做某事=2\*GB3②句型.allowsb.todosth.允許某人去做某事ask/tellsb.(not)todosth.叫某人做事某事（叫某人不要去做某事）followsb.todosth.跟隨某人去做某事getsb.todosth.讓某人做某事warnsb.(not)todosth.警告某人做某事（或不要做某事）encouragesb.todosth.鼓勵某人做某事beafraidtodosth.害怕做某事beexcited/glad/happy/sorry/frightened/amazed/surprisedtodosth.be/getreadytodosth.準(zhǔn)備做某事can’twaittodosth.迫不急待地去做某事get/haveachancetodosth.得到一個做某事的機(jī)會It’s+adj.+(forsb.)todosth./It’s+adj.+(ofsb.)todosth.Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.花費(fèi)某人多長時間做某事（?？迹㊣t’stimeforsb.todosth.是某人做某事的時候了too…(forsb.)to…太……以致不能……==not…enoughtodo（?？迹﹑refertodosth.ratherthandosth.寧愿……而不愿……（常考）somethingtoeat/drink一些吃/喝的東西Sth.ishard/difficult/easytodo做好某事很難/容易taketurnstodosth.輪流做……Thereisnotime(forsb.)todosth.對（某人來說）沒時間做某事了Thereisnoneed(forsb.)todosth.對某人來說沒必要做某事try/doone’sbesttodosth.盡力去做某事havenochoicebuttodosth別無選擇只能做某事havesomething/nothingtodowithsb與......有關(guān)/無關(guān)一、單項選擇1．（2023·浙江·模擬預(yù)測）—CanIhelpyou,sir?—I’dliketohavesomeone________thisletter.A．e-mailed B．toe-mail C．e-mailing D．e-mail2．（2023·浙江·模擬預(yù)測）Thenaughtyboysweremade________theirmathshomeworkthenextday.A．handingup B．handout C．tohandin D．tohandingoff3．（2023·吉林長春·模擬預(yù)測）________abrightfuture,weteenagersshouldstudyhardandkeepingoodhealth.A．Get B．Toget C．Getting D．Got4．（2023·福建福州·模擬預(yù)測）________hurtingyourself,youshouldstayawayfromtheboilingwater.A．Avoiding B．Avoid C．Toavoid5．（2023·四川自貢·一模）Mr.Wangissuchagreatteacherthathealwaysdoeswhathecan________us.A．help B．tohelp C．helping6．（2023·四川涼山·模擬預(yù)測）Whenthemotherheardherbabydaughtersayherfirstword,shefeltsoexcitedthatshemadeashortvideoonTikTok(抖音)________herjoy.A．shared B．share C．toshare D．sharing7．（2023·湖北武漢·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測）—Wewon’tallow________inthesupermarket.—Butweareallowed________intherestroom.A．smoking;smoking B．tosmoke;smokingC．tosmoke;tosmoke D．smoking;tosmoke8．（2023·重慶沙坪壩·三模）Ms.Chou,Iwilltellyoumylittlesecretifyoupromise________anyoneelse.A．totell B．tell C．nottotell D．nottell9．（2023·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·統(tǒng)考一模）I’mhappythatJudyhasbecomethefirstone________fivebooksduringtheReadingWeek.A．finished B．tofinish C．finishing D．finishes10．（2023·江蘇宿遷·統(tǒng)考二模）MrWangoftenencouragesus________closetonatureandenjoyitsbeauty.A．get B．getting C．toget D．gets11．（2023·重慶九龍坡·三模）Tomysurprise,myparentsagreed__________totheconcertwithme.A．go B．going C．togo D．went12．（2023·江蘇淮安·?？家荒＃㏕hewillowcatkins(柳絮)areoftenseen________inHuaianinMay.A．swim B．toswim C．swimming D．swam13．（2023·重慶永川·統(tǒng)考一模）Theteacheroftentellsus________others’homeworkbecauseit’sbadforus.A．nottocopy B．tonotcopy C．nottocopying D．tonotcopying14．（2023·福建福州·三模）Colemadeasurvey________howmanycitieshavehostedtheOlympicGames.A．findout B．tofindout C．foundout15．（2023·甘肅定西·統(tǒng)考三模）Myfatheroftentellsme________toomuchtime________computergames.A．nottospend;play B．tospend;play C．nottocost;playing D．nottospend;playing16．（2023·吉林長春·統(tǒng)考一模）WangHuigetsupearlyeverymorning________running.A．practice B．topractice C．practices D．practicing17．（2023·內(nèi)蒙古呼倫貝爾·統(tǒng)考一模）It’simportantforus________hardinordertohaveabetterlife.A．worked B．working C．work D．towork18．（2023·黑龍江綏化·統(tǒng)考二模）Mr.Brownaskedustostop________andwestopped________tohimatonce.A．talking;tolisten B．totalk;tolisten C．talking;listening19．（2023·黑龍江綏化·統(tǒng)考二模）—Jim,whatmakesyou________soexcited?—IwillvisitaChinesefamilytomorrow.A．tofeel B．feel C．feeling20．（2023·西藏日喀則·統(tǒng)考二模）Wefound________veryinteresting________English.A．it;learning B．it;tolearn C．that;tolearn D．this;learning二、用所給單詞適當(dāng)形式填空21．（2023·云南昆明·模擬預(yù)測）PangMengwantedthemagicmedicinefromChange’e.(steal)22．（2023·甘肅隴南·模擬預(yù)測）He’smadeadecision(giveup)thechancetogoabroad.23．（2023·甘肅張掖·模擬預(yù)測）Weshouldmakearightplanforourselvesandtryourbest(reach)ourgoals.24．（2023·甘肅臨夏·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測）Wearesupposed(do)somehouseworkforourparentswhenwehavefreetime.25．（2023·甘肅定西·模擬預(yù)測）Tomwantstoinviteme(play)basketball.26．（2023·甘肅白銀·統(tǒng)考二模）Hismothertoldhim(wait)forherathome.27．（2023·甘肅白銀·統(tǒng)考三模）Hermothertoldher(take)outtherubbishafterlunch.28．（2023·甘肅定西·統(tǒng)考一模）MissWhitealwaystellsus(read)thetextaloud.29．（2023·甘肅慶陽·統(tǒng)考一模）OurEnglishteacheroftenencouragesus（study）hard.30．（2023·湖南永州·統(tǒng)考二模）Everyoneneeds(avoid)makingthesamemistakes.31．（2023·湖北武漢·一模）Theteacher’shelpmadeitpossibleforme(make)somuchprogress.32．（2023·江蘇南京·統(tǒng)考二模）Asanimal-lovers,theydoeverythingtheycan(save)wildanimals.33．（2023·江蘇淮安·統(tǒng)考二模）MyEnglishteacheroftenadvisesus(practice)speakingmoreoften.34．（2023·江蘇淮安·三模）Itiseasyforpeople(travel)aroundHuai’anbytram(有軌電車).35．（2023·江蘇無錫·統(tǒng)考二模）Thebuswaslate.Thepooroldmanhadnochoicebut(wait)intherain.三、語法填空（2023·陜西西安·模擬預(yù)測）Thursday

July3rd

SunnyTodaywasthethirddayofourtrip.MyparentsandIwalkedfifteenmilestoreachafarawayvillage.Wewantedtorent（租賃）36housethere.Therewasonlyoneemptyhouse.Wefoundouttheowner.Hetoldusnot37it.Noonelikedtolivetherefortherewasaghost（鬼）.Butdadsaiditcouldbeoneofourexciting38inourtripandwehadthathouseatlast.Atnight,wequicklyfellasleep39weweretootiredafteraday’swalk.Suddenly,IfeltI40byacoldhand.Igotupandfeltscared.No,itwasnoghostbutmom.Butshewasshaking.Iasked41.Shesaidnothingbutpointedtothewindow.Yes,somebodyseemedtobemovingabout.Thesoundwassometimesonthetopofthehouseand42ontheground.Evenitseemedtoflythroughtheair.Wewerealltooscaredtomove.Aftersometime,dadandImadeupourmindtogooutand43.Butwhendadopenedthedoor.Ifelteven44.Iheardthesoundasbefore,butsawnoone.Andthensuddenlyallwasclear.Therewasanowlflyingabout.Someonehadtiedbells45itslegs,whichmadeasoundwheneveritmoved.Wehadagoodlaughandwenttosleep.Whatanunforgettableexperienceitwas!36．A．a(chǎn) B．a(chǎn)n C．the D．/37．A．buy B．tobuy C．take D．totake38．A．secret B．secrets C．experience D．experiences39．A．a(chǎn)lthough B．before C．because D．unless40．A．touch B．a(chǎn)mtouched C．touched D．wastouched41．A．whydidshetouchmeB．whyshetouchedmeC．howdidshetouchme D．howshetouchedme42．A．hardly B．usually C．a(chǎn)lways D．sometimes43．A．see B．saw C．hear D．heard44．A．scared B．morescared C．interested D．moreinterested45．A．to B．for C．from D．with一、用所給單詞適當(dāng)填空1．（2023·江蘇淮安·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Ourgovernmenthastakenaction(make)lifeinthecountrysidebetter.2．ThespiritofLeiFengtellsus（help）peopleinneed.3．（2023·湖南永州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）I’vedecided（stay）awayfromfriedfoodandsoftdrinkssinceIhadmymedicalexam.二、完成句子4．（2023·湖北十堰·統(tǒng)考中考真題）多吃蔬菜和水果有助于人們保持健康。Eatingmorevegetablesandfruitshelpspeople.5．（2023·陜西·統(tǒng)考中考真題）喝水對我們的身體有好處。It’sgoodforusto.6．（2023·甘肅武威·統(tǒng)考中考真題）每日練習(xí)對學(xué)習(xí)英語來說很重要。It’stoEnglisheveryday.三、單項選擇7．（2023·內(nèi)蒙古·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Doyoualwaysgetupsoearly?—Yes.________thefirstbus.Myhomeisfarawayfromschool.A．Tocatch B．Catching C．Caught D．Catches8．（2023·西藏·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Ourartteacherencouragesus________colorfulthingsinlife.A．lookfor B．looksfor C．lookingfor D．tolookfor9．（2023·內(nèi)蒙古呼和浩特·統(tǒng)考中考真題）________thequalityofPEclasses,someschoolsputsmarttechnologyin