新教材2024高考英語(yǔ)二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)小題天天必練閱讀理解題型分類練五

閱讀理解題型分類練(五)推理推斷題——寫作意圖類A[2024·雅禮中學(xué)模擬試卷]Afewyearsago,whenIwascaringformyseriouslyillfather,Ilostmyvoice.Atfirst,IjustsoundedhoarsewhenIwashavingdifficultconversationsaboutDad'scondition.Butbeforelong,Icouldn'tevensay“Yesplease”toacupofteawithoutsoundinglikeanunusuallybreathlessMinnieMouse.Afterconsultinganear,noseandthroatspecialist,IwastoldthatIhadlostmyvoiceduetostress.We'reallfamiliarwiththemuscletighteningthatcomeswiththebody'snaturalresponsetostress.Themusclesinandaroundthevoiceboxarenoexception,andalongperiodofstresscanleadtolastingdamagetothevocalcords(聲帶).Perhapsthemostobviousthingyoucandotoprotectyourvoiceistogiveitarest.Thatdoesn'tmeanyouhavetokeepsilent.Justtrytoavoidplaces,suchasnoisybarsandrestaurants,whereyouhavetospeakuporshouttobeheard,andmoveclosertopeoplesoyoucantalkinyournormalvoice.Whilesomeoftheadviceseemslikecommonsense,thereareafewsurprises.It'simportanttoresisttheurgetocoughorclearyourthroatbeforeattemptingtospeak,forexample.Coughingpushesthevocalcordstogetherwithforce,whichcanincreasetheriskoflosingyourvoice.Instead,expertssuggesttakingafewbigyawns,makingsuretobreathedeeplyfromthebottomofyourlungs.Yawninghelpscreatemorespaceinyourthroatandrelaxesthemuscles.Whisperingmayseemtheobviouswaytocommunicatewhenyourvoiceisfailing,butformostofus,itcausesmoreproblems.It'sfarbetter,theresearchersadvisetoaimtospeaksoftlyinyournormalvoice.Interestingly,aUniversityofMissouristudyfoundthatintroverts(內(nèi)向者)aremorelikelytosufferfromspeech-relatedstressreactions,whichaffecttheirvocalcontrol.Simplytakingadeepbreathbeforeyouspeakcangoalongwaytowardscalmingthenerves,saysstudyleadauthorProfessorMariaDietrich.InmycaseseekingmoresupportwithDad'scarehelpedmesoundmorelikemyselfandlesslikeMinniewithinweeks.1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hoarse”meaninthefirstparagraph?A．Unabletospeak.B．Unabletoexpressoneself.C．(Sounding)sweetandsmooth.D．(Sounding)roughandunpleasant.2．Whatisthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?A．Tointroducethetopic.B．Tomakethearticleinteresting.C．Tosharetheauthor'spersonalexperience.D．Toofferevidencefortheauthor'sargument.3．Accordingtothetext,whatisagoodwaytoprotectyourvocalcords?A．Whisperinginanoisyenvironment.B．Avoidingbigyawnsbeforespeaking.C．Shorteningthedistancefromothers.D．Coughingsoftlytomakeyourvoiceclear.4．Whyisitmorelikelyforintrovertstohavevocalcordproblems?A．Theyhavedifficultyinvocalcontrol.B．Theyalwayswhisper,whichmaycausemoreproblems.C．Theyareprobablyundermorepressurewhenspeaking.D．Theyalwaysforgettotakeadeepbreathbeforetalking.B[2024·遼寧省重點(diǎn)中學(xué)二模]Wildanimalsarehuman'sfriends,animportantpartofthenaturalecosystem,andvaluablenaturalresourcesendowed(賜予)bynature.Indianelephants,asubspeciesofAsianelephants,havebeenconsideredendangeredsince1986.Thereareonlyanestimated20，000to25，000Indianelephantsleftinthewild,andtheglobalpopulationisbelievedtobedecreasing.HabitatlossiswidelyconsideredadirectthreattoIndianelephants.RecenteconomicgrowthandsubsequentincreaseddevelopmentinAsiaarethemaincausesofthishabitatloss.Fromexpandinghumansettlementsandminingtoconvertinglandtoplantationsandinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)),manyactivitiescanblockmigratoryelephantroutesanddrivethemintosmallersub-populations.Whenanimalsareforcedintosmallerpocketsofpopulations,theyrisklosinggeneticdiversityandhaveahigherchanceofdyingfromdiseaseandnaturaldisasters.InIndia,elephantshavefaceda70%populationdeclineoverthelast60years.Whenaccountingforclimatechangeprojections,scientistspredictthattheelephantpopulationinthecountrycouldloseover40%ofitshabitatby2070.Aselephantslosetheirhabitatstohumansettlementsanddevelopment,interactionsbetweenhumansandelephantsalsorise.Elephantpopulations,especiallythoselivingoutsideofprotectedareas,wanderintoagriculturallandsinsearchoffoodandcausecroporpropertyloss.Evenworse,theseimpactsmaycausefarmersandresidentstoretaliateagainsttheelephantsiftheybelievetheirassetsareindanger.Poisonorotherdeadlymethodshavebeenused.AlthoughcountrieslikeIndia,Vietnam,andMyanmarhavecompletelybannedthecaptureofwildelephantsforanypurpose,illegalhuntingstillhappensinthoseandothernationswhereIndianelephantslive.CountriesaroundtheworldaretakingactiontoprotectIndianelephants.InpartsofMyanmar,teamsofrangersworktoprotectandco-managewildelephantpopulationswiththeWildlifeConservationSociety.TheyusetheSpatialMonitoringandReportingTool(SMART),ageographicinformationsystems-basedsoftwaretosystematicallycollect,manage,analyze,andreportdatacollectedfromforests.WithSMART,parkmanagerscandeployrangersstrategicallyinhotpotsforillegalhuntingorotherillegalactivities,manageefforts,andorganizeresources.5．WhatistheimmediatecauseofthedeclineofIndianelephant'snumber?A．Thegrowthofeconomy.B．Thelossoftheirhabitat.C．Thechangeoftheclimate.D．Theincreaseofillegalhunting.6．WhatdothefiguresinParagraph4show?A．Themainchangeofecosystem.B．ThemainfeaturesofIndianelephants.C．TheproblemscausedbyIndianelephants.D．TheseverityofIndianelephants'situation.7．HowdoestheSMARTwork?A．Bycompletelypreventinghunting.B．Bycollectingandreportingdatacollectedfromforests.C.ByfoundingtheWildlifeConservationSociety.D．Bycountingthepopulationofwildlife.8.What'sthepurposeofthistext?A．ToadvertiseforIndianelephants.B．ToattracttouriststowatchIndianelephants.C．ToappealtopeopletoprotectIndianelephants.D．TointroduceSpatialMonitoringandReportingTool.C[2024·臺(tái)州市高三質(zhì)量評(píng)估]Whydowechoosetohelponeanother?Therearemanyreasons.Youmaybeaselflesspersonorlendingahandmaybeaculturalexpectation.Now,researchersareraisingthepossibilitythatgoodsleepmaybeawonderfulingredientthatpromotesthealacritytoofferhelpbetweenhumanbeings.Indeedthebettersleepyouhave,themorewillingyouwillbetolendahand.Andasurprisingnewsetofresearchstudieshavefoundthatsleeplossmayaffectourgenerosityatdifferentlevels.ResearchersatUniversityofCalifornia,Berkley,ledthreesmallstudiestoexploregenerosity.Inonestudy,theyexposedagroupofhealthyadultstoanightof8hoursofsleepandanightwithnosleep.Researchersscannedtheparticipants'brainsaftereachnight.Afterasleeplessnight,areasofthebraininvolvedinempathyandhelpingbehaviorwerelessactive.Infact,whenthestudyparticipantsweresleeplessatnight,78%ofthemdemonstratedareductioninthedesiretohelpothers.Inthenextstudy,researcherstracked136peoplethroughonlinequestionnairesandsleepdiariesforafewdays.Theywantedtoseeifnightlyvariationsinsleepaffectedtheirdesiretohelpothers.Theyfoundthat,whensleepqualityworsenedfromonenighttothenext,therewasamajordecreasein“helpingchoices”andviceversa.Thethirdstudylookedathowsleeplossaffectedgenerosityonalargerscale.Theresearchersanalyzeddatafromover3millioncharitabledonationsmadeintheU．S..TheyfocusedondonationsduringthetransitiontoDaylightSavingTime(DST)inspringeachyear.Duringthespringtimechange,weloseanhourofsleep.Interestingly,researchersfounda10%dropindonationsinregionsthatchangetheirclocks.Thisdropwasn'tseeninregionsthatdidn'tobservethetimechange.Itshowedthatinsufficientsleeptriggeredbythetimechangeimpacteddonationbehavior.Alltheseresultssuggestthatinsufficientsleepmakesuslesscompassionateandhelpful.Throughouttheworld,morethanhalfofadultsdon'tgetenoughsleepduringtheworkweek,butweshouldallstartvaluingadequatesleepratherthantreatingitlikesomethingoptionalorunproductive.Ifso,itwillenableustobemorehelpfulandtobethebestversionsofourselves.9．What'sthewritingpurposeofthefirstparagraph?A．Tostartaheateddiscussion.B．Tointroducethetopicofthetext.C．Topresentasocialphenomenon.D．Toshowtheauthor'sconclusion.10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“alacrity”meaninthesecondparagraph?A．Understanding.B．Ability.C．Awareness.D．Eagerness.11．Whatcanweinferfromthethreestudies?A．PeopleobservingDSTarelikelytodonateless.B．Peoplechangetheirclockstohavemoreempathy.C．Sleepqualitydeterminesthedesiretogiveahand.D．Sleeplosscanseverelyaffecthelpingbehavior.12．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A．SleepTriggersBehaviorB．AdequateSleep:AHealthyPersonC．SleepInfluencesGenerosityD．SoundSleep:AProductivePerson[答題區(qū)]題號(hào)123456789101112答案

閱讀理解題型分類練(五)A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。作者通過(guò)一次失聲的閱歷，講解并描述如何疼惜嗓子。1．答案與解析：D詞義揣測(cè)題。依據(jù)畫線詞前面一句中的“...Ilostmyvoice.”以及下文的“...soundinglikeanunusuallybreathlessMinnieMouse.”可推斷，作者的聲音變得嘶啞難聽(tīng)。故選D。2．答案與解析：A推理推斷題。文章主要講解并描述了疼惜嗓子的方法。作者用自己的一段親身閱歷開(kāi)頭，目的是為了引出文章的主體部分。故選A。3．答案與解析：C微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中的“...andmoveclosertopeoplesoyoucantalkinyournormalvoice.”可知，可以通過(guò)縮短與談話人的距離來(lái)降低說(shuō)話的音量，從而達(dá)到疼惜嗓子的目的。故選C。4．答案與解析：C微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段中的“...introverts(內(nèi)向者)aremorelikelytosufferfromspeech-relatedstressreactions,whichaffecttheirvocalcontrol.”可知，內(nèi)向者跟人閑聊時(shí)內(nèi)心壓力更大，聲帶受壓力影響，更簡(jiǎn)潔損壞。故選C。B【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹印度象面臨滅亡，各國(guó)正在主動(dòng)實(shí)行措施疼惜印度象。5．答案與解析：B微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段第一句“HabitatlossiswidelyconsideredadirectthreattoIndianelephants.”可知，印度象數(shù)量下降的干脆緣由是它們棲息地的丟失。故選B。6．答案與解析：D推理推斷題。依據(jù)第四段“InIndia,elephantshavefaceda70%populationdeclineoverthelast60years.Whenaccountingforclimatechangeprojections,scientistspredictthattheelephantpopulationinthecountrycouldloseover40%ofitshabitatby2070.”可推斷，作者用數(shù)據(jù)表明印度象境況艱難。7．答案與解析：B微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一段第三句“TheyusetheSpatialMonitoringandReportingTool(SMART),ageographicinformationsystems-basedsoftwaretosystematicallycollect,manage,analyze,andreportdatacollectedfromforests.”可知，SMART是一種軟件，是通過(guò)收集和報(bào)告從森林收集的數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)工作的。8．答案與解析：C推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段第一句“CountriesaroundtheworldaretakingactiontoprotectIndianelephants.”及全文可知，作者寫這篇文章是為了呼吁大家疼惜印度象。C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講解并描述了睡眠與人們幫助他人的行為有關(guān)。事實(shí)上，你睡得越好，你就越情愿伸出援手。9．答案與解析