Unit+1+Reading+and+Thinking+課文知識(shí)點(diǎn)課件【知識(shí)精講精研】高中英語(yǔ)人教版（2019）選擇性必修第二冊(cè)

Unit1SCIENCEANDSCIENTISTSLearningObjectivesLearnaboutJohnSnowandcholera.Buildupvocabularyinthecontext.ReadthePara1andfindthecomplexsentencesandusefulphrases.Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld,untilaBritishdoctor,JohnSnow,showedhowitcouldbeovercome.Thisillnesscausesseverediarrhea,dehydration,andevendeath.Intheearly19thcentury,whenanoutbreakofcholerahitEurope,millionsofpeoplediedfromthedisease.Asayoungdoctor,JohnSnowbecamefrustratedbecausenooneknewhowtopreventortreatcholera.Intime,herosetobecomeafamousdoctor,andevenattendedtoQueenVictoriawhenshegavebirth.However,heneverlosthisdesiretodestroycholeraonceandforall.過(guò)去常常做某事在19世紀(jì)早期死于

最終；及時(shí)逐漸成為

照顧；照料最終的；徹底的生育allatonce

突然；同時(shí)atonce 立刻，馬上onceandagain 一而再，再三severe/s??v??(r)/

adj.十分嚴(yán)重的；嚴(yán)厲的__________________對(duì)某人嚴(yán)厲__________________adv.嚴(yán)厲地；嚴(yán)重地小題集訓(xùn)1.Thecompanyhasbeen___________(severe)hitbythedropinconsumerconfidenceandthesharepriceinfalling.2.Hismotheristoosevere______him.be/feelsevereon/withseverelyon/withseverelyfrustrated/fr??stre?t?d/

adj.懊惱的；沮喪的；失意的frustrated___________vt.使懊惱，挫敗，阻止______________n.沮喪；挫敗______________adj.令人沮喪的小題集訓(xùn)1.Shewere__________atthe__________newsthatshefailedtheexam.(frustrate)2.Theyweredefeatedinthefootballmatch,which___________(frustrate)me.frustratefrustrationfrustrating_______________________對(duì)...感到沮喪/懊惱befrustratedwith/atfrustratedfrustratingfrustratedintime遲早；最終；及時(shí)1.Keeponworking,andyou’llsucceedintime.2.Youwillsucceedintimeaslongasyoudon’tgiveup.與time有關(guān)的短語(yǔ)forthefirsttimeallthetimeaheadoftimeatthesametimeinnotimeatonetimeattimesfromtimetotimeontimeforthetimebeingatatime首次一直；始終提前同時(shí)立刻；馬上曾經(jīng)；一度有時(shí)，偶爾偶爾；間或準(zhǔn)時(shí)暫時(shí)；眼下每次；逐一；依次小題集訓(xùn)1.Thechild’sparentswerefrantic(發(fā)狂的)whenshedidnotreturnhome_________.2.Ifyougiveupthischance,you’llregretit_______.3.Don’ttrytodoeverythingatonce;takeitabit_____.ontimeintimeatatimeIngeneral,doctorsinthosedayshadtwocontradictorytheoriestoexplainhowcholeraspread.Onetheorywasthatbadaircausedthedisease.Anotherwasthatcholerawascausedbyaninfectionfromgermsinfoodorwater.Snowsubscribedtothesecondtheory.Itwascorrect,buthestillneededproof.Consequently,whenanoutbreakofcholerahitLondonin1854,Snowbegantoinvestigate.Hediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.Hewasdeterminedtofindoutwhy.ReadthePara2andfindthecomplexsentencesandusefulphrases.一般來(lái)說(shuō)如此…以致于決定弄清楚同意，贊成Ingeneral,doctorsinthosedayshadtwocontradictorytheories.

contradictory

adj.

互相矛盾的；互相對(duì)立的

becontradictoryto…與……矛盾、相反

e.g.Hisremarkwascontradictorytothetruth.

他的敘述與事實(shí)矛盾?！就卣埂縚___________v.反駁;與……相矛盾____________n.抵觸;矛盾;矛盾的說(shuō)法【即學(xué)即用】

單句語(yǔ)法填空1.Thereseemstobea______________(contradict)betweenherwordsandactions.2.Thewitnessgavetwocompletely____________(contradict)descriptions.完成句子3.這兩種說(shuō)法相互矛盾。Thetwostories______________________.contradictcontradictioncontradictioncontraditorycontradicteachother_________adj.帶細(xì)菌的；感染病菌的infection/?n?fek?(?)n/n.感染；傳染；傳染病

infectvt.傳染；使感染；影響beinfected____感染上...with+ion:__________n.傳染，感染；傳染病+ious:_________adj.傳染性的；有感染力infectioninfectious-ious為常見(jiàn)的形容詞后綴，意為“具有...性質(zhì)的”，“充滿...的”infected[即學(xué)即練]1.Fluisusuallyhighly____________(infect).2.Thereisavirusthat________(infect)word-processingdocumentsrecently.3.Theopenwoundsoonbecame_________(infect).4.Choleraisabacterial__________(infect).完成句子5.這種病毒在幾天之內(nèi)感染了數(shù)千臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)。Thisvirus_____________________________wihindays.6.她那快樂(lè)的情緒感染了全班。Hercheerfulspirits______________________.infectiousinfectsinfectedinfectioninfectedthousandsofcomputersinfectthewholeclassSnowsubscribedto

thesecondtheory.subscribe

v.

認(rèn)購(gòu)(股份)；定期訂購(gòu)；定期繳納(會(huì)費(fèi))

;定期捐款贊助【拓展】subscribe_____

同意,贊成

subscribe_____

認(rèn)購(gòu)（股份）

___________訂閱者；訂戶

___________定期捐款；訂閱（費(fèi)）Eachemployeemaysubscribeforupto￡2,000worthofshares.Youcansubscribetothemagazineforaslittleas$32ayear.

Shesubscribestoanenvironmentalactiongroup.toforsubscribersubscription[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空1.Whichjournalsdoesthelibrarysubscribe___？2.Howmanysharesdidyousubscribe____inthenewcompany?3.Ifyouarenot___________(subscribe),youcansubscribetoday.完成句子4.我們已經(jīng)訂閱了一份晚報(bào)。Wehave____________aneveningnewspaper.5.每個(gè)雇員可以認(rèn)購(gòu)價(jià)值不超過(guò)2000美元的股票。Eachemployeemay______________upto$2000worthofshares.6.他定期向幾個(gè)中意的慈善機(jī)構(gòu)捐款。He____________afewfavouritecharities.tosubscribersubscribedtosubscribeforsubscribestoforSnowbeganbymarkingonamaptheexactplaceswhereallthosewhodiedhadlived.ThereweremultipledeathsnearthewaterpumpinBroadStreet(especiallyhousenumbers16,37,38,and40).However,somehouseholds(suchas20and21BroadStreet,and8and9CambridgeStreet)hadhadnodeaths.Thesepeopleworkedinthepubat7CambridgeStreet.Theyhadbeengivenfreebeer,andsohadnotdrunkthewaterfromthepump.Snowsuspectedthatthewaterpumpwastoblame.ReadthePara3andfindthecomplexsentencesandusefulphrases.Snowbeganbymarkingonamaptheexactplaceswhereallthosewhodiedhadlived.1.where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為palce在從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。e.gWearefacingaserioussituation

wherepeoplearedyingfromdiseasesrelatedtothewater.2.who引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為those

那些人

Snowsuspectedthatthewaterpumpwastoblame.suspect

v.懷疑；疑有；不信任n.犯罪嫌疑人；可疑對(duì)象【搭配】suspectthat...

suspectsbof(doing)sth

suspectsbtobe...

【其他相似結(jié)構(gòu)】

懷疑...remindsbofsth使某人想起某事懷疑某人

（做）某事懷疑某人是...convincesbofsth使某人確信某事accusesbofsth控告/職責(zé)某人某事informsbofsth=keepsbinformedofsth通知某人某事warnsbofsth警告某人某事blame

vt.把...歸咎于；

責(zé)怪；職責(zé)n.責(zé)備；職責(zé)【搭配】betoblame(for...)

blamesbfor(doing)sthbeblamedfor

blamesthonsb/sthaccept/bear/taketheblameforsthplace/lay/putblameon

(為某事)受責(zé)備，應(yīng)該（為某事）負(fù)責(zé)主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義因?yàn)槟呈仑?zé)備某人、責(zé)備某人做了某事因...而受到譴責(zé)、責(zé)備把某事歸咎于某人對(duì)某事承擔(dān)責(zé)任歸咎于[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空1.Theteacherdidn’tknowwho____________(blame)forthebrokenwindow.2.Manychildren_____________(blame)formakingmistakesintheexam.3.IthinkTom,ratherthanyouis__________(blame)forthematter.4.Ihavenoreason___________(suspect)herhonesty.5.I__________(suspect)thattherewassomethingwrongwiththeengine.wastoblameareblamedtoblametosuspectsuspected同義句轉(zhuǎn)換6.Iftheplanfails,whoistotaketheblame?Iftheplanfails,whois_________________?完成句子7.我們準(zhǔn)備對(duì)所發(fā)生的事承擔(dān)責(zé)任。Wewerereadyto_________________forwhathadhappened.8.從他不正常的行為來(lái)評(píng)判，我懷疑他是個(gè)小偷。Judgingfromhisabnormalbehaviour,I____________________athief.toblameaccept/bear/taketheblamesuspectedhimtobeWhatismore,inanotherpartofLondon,awomanandherdaughterhaddiedofcholeraaftermovingawayfromBroadStreet.Itseemedthatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.Asaresultofthisevidence,JohnSnowwasabletoannouncethatthepumpwatercarriedcholeragerms.Accordingly,hehadthehandleofthepumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused.Throughthisintervention,thediseasewasstoppedinitstracks.ReadthePara3andfindthecomplexsentencesandusefulphrases.Itseemedthatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.1.so...that...如此...以至于

so+形容詞/副詞+that...

so...that...引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的常見(jiàn)句型so+形容詞+a/an+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+that...

so+many/few+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+that...

so+much/little+不可數(shù)名詞+that...

e.g:1.Heransoquicklythatweallcouldn’tcatchupwithhim.2.Thisissointerestingabookthatweallenjoyreadingitinoursparetime.3.Shehassomuchtalentthathermotherfeelsproudofher.4.HehaspublishedsomanynovelsthatIcan’tfinishreadingtheminashorttime.溫馨提示：such...that常用于以下三種句型：1.such+a/an+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+that...2.such+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+that...3.such+形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞+thatItseemedthatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.1.have+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

結(jié)構(gòu)

have+賓語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞

（done）

讓別人為自己做某事；使某事完成have+賓語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞

表示動(dòng)作進(jìn)行或持續(xù)；容許或允許e.g:1.Wehavethemchinemendedjustnow.

e.g:2.Ican’thaveyouspeakingtoyourmotherinarudemanner.Ihavethedriverwaiting.

小題集訓(xùn)1.Ican’thaveyou____________(lie)toyourparents.2.Whendidyouhaveyourhouse_________(paint)?lyingpaintedThroughthisintervention,thediseasewasstoppedinitstracks.intervention

n.

介入；出面；干涉【派生】intervene【搭配】

intervenein

介入、干預(yù)或參與某個(gè)事件、沖突或進(jìn)程

vi.介入；打斷；干涉，干預(yù)[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空1.You’dbetternotintervene____theirquarrel.完成句子2.對(duì)于物價(jià)的調(diào)控，政府干預(yù)起重要作用。_________________________playsavitalroleinregulatingprices.3.警察干預(yù)后，局勢(shì)平靜了下來(lái)。Thesituationcalmeddownwhen_______________.翻譯句子4.Thepresidentintervenedpersonallyinthecrisis.___________________________________________.inGovernmentinterventonpoliceintervened總統(tǒng)親自出面處理這場(chǎng)危機(jī)ThetruthwasthatthewaterfromtheBroadStreetpumphadbeeninfectedbywaste.Moreover,SnowwaslaterabletoshowalinkbetweenothercasesofcholeraandthedifferentwatercompaniesinLondon.SomecompaniessoldwaterfromtheRiverThames

thatwaspollutedbyrawwaste.Thepeoplewhodrankthiswater

weremuchmorelikelytogetcholerathanthose

whodrankpureorboiledwater.ReadthePara4andfindthecomplexsentencesandusefulphrases.【

】【】【】【

】Moreover,SnowwaslaterabletoshowalinkbetweenothercasesofcholeraandthedifferentwatercompaniesinLondon.link

v.把...連接起來(lái)；相關(guān)聯(lián)

n.連接；聯(lián)系；環(huán)，紐帶【搭配】link...to/with

belinkedto...alinkbetweenAandB

【其他表示“連接；聯(lián)系”的結(jié)構(gòu)】

將...和...連接、聯(lián)系起來(lái)與...有關(guān)A和B之間的聯(lián)系join...to把...與...連接起來(lái)connect...and/to/with把...與...連接起來(lái)combine...with...將...與...結(jié)合起來(lái)小題集訓(xùn)1.TheTVnetworkandthetelephonenetworkcan_________(link)totheInternetnow.2.Scientistshavefoundthereis____linkbetweensmokingandlungcancer.3.Iamdeterminedtofindsomescientificevidencethatthematerialiscloselylinked______skincancer.belinkedatoThroughSnow’stirelessefforts,watercompaniesbegantosellcleanwaterandthethreatofcholeraaroundtheworldsawasubstantialdecrease.However,choleraisstillaproblem.Eachyear,millionsofpeoplearoundtheworldgetcholeraandmanydiefromit.Fortunately,wenowknowhowtopreventcholera,thankstotheworkofJohnSnow.Moreover,inhisuseofmapsandstatistics,Snowtransformedthewayscientistsstudydiseases.Forthisreason,Snowisconsideredthefatherofmodernepidemiology.ReadthePara5andfindthecomplexsentencesandusefulphrases.

【

】ThroughSnow’stirelessefforts,watercompaniesbegantosellcleanwaterandthethreatofcholeraaroundtheworldsawasubstantialdecrease.1.substantial

adj.大量的；價(jià)值巨大的；重大的【派生】_____________adv.大體上；非常；大大地2.decreasen.減少；降低；減少量vt.&vi.（使大小，數(shù)量等）減少；減??；降低【常見(jiàn)搭配】

decreaseby...

decrease(from...)to...decreasein...

onthedecrease

【反義詞】

減少/下降了...在...方面減少increase

在減少substantially(從