中科院考博英語樣題

SAMPLETEST

UNIVERSITYOFACADEMYOFSCIENCESENGLISHENTRANCEEXAMINATION

FORDOCTORALCANDIDATES

PAPERONE

PARTIVOCABULARY(15minutes,10points,0.5pointeach)

Directions:Choosethewordorexpressionbeloweachsentencethatbestcompletesthestatement,andmarkthecorrespondingletterofyourchoicewithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourMachine-scoringAnswerSheet.

Tenyearsago,ahousewithadecentbathroomwasa symbolamonguniversityprofessors.

post B.status

C.position D.ce

Itwouldbefarbetterifcollectorscouldbepersuadedtospendtheirtimeandmoneyinsupportof archaeologicalresearch.

legible B.legitimate

C.legislative D.illicit

Weseekasocietythathasatits arespectforthedignityandworthoftheindividual.

end B.hand

C.core D.best

Avarietyofproblemshavegreatly thecountry’snormaleducationaldevelopment.

impeded B.imparted

C.implored D.implemented

Agoodeducationisanassetyoucan fortherestofyourlife.

spellout B.callupon

C.fallover D.resortto

Oilcanchangeasocietymore thananyonecouldeverhaveimagined.

grossly B.severely

C.rapidly D.drastically

Beneathitsmyriadrules,thefundamentalpurposeof istomaketheworldapleasantercetolivein,andyouamorepleasanttolivewith.

elitism B.eloquence

C.eminence D.etiquette

TheNewTestamentwasnotonlywrittenintheGreeklanguage,butideasderivedfromGreekphilosophywere inmanypartsofit.

altered B.criticized

C.incorporated D.translated

NobodywilleverknowtheagonyIgo waitingforhimtocomehome.

over B.with

C.down D.through

Whileacountry’seconomyis ingthemostpromisingintheworld,itspeopleshouldbemore abouttheirqualityoflife.

discriminating B.distributing

C.disagreeing D.disclosing

Cheatedbytwoboyswhomhehadtruston,Josephpromisedto

them.

findfaultwith B.makethemostof

C.lookdownupon D.getevenwith

TheMinister’s answerlettoanoutcryfromtheOpposition.

impressive B.evasive

C.intensive D.exhaustive

Inproportionasthe betweenclasseswithinthenationdisappearsthehostilityofonenationtoanotherwillcometoanend.

intolerance B.pessimism

C.injustice D.antagonism

Everyonedoestheirownthing,tothepointwhereafifth-gradeteachercan’t ona-gradeteacherhavingtaughtcertainthings.

count B.insist

C.fall D.dwell

Whenthefirebrokeoutinthebuilding,thepeoplelosttheir andranintotheelevator.

hearts B.tempers

C.heads D.senses

Consumersdeprivedoftheinformationandadvicetheyneededwerequitesimply everycheatinthemarketce.

atthemercyof B.inlieuof

C.bycourtesyof D.forthepriceof

Infactthepurchasingpowerofasingle’spensioninHongKongwasonly70percentofthevalueofthe Singaporepension.

equivalent B.similar

C.consistent D.identical

Hebecameawarethathehadlosthisaudiencesincehehadnotbeenabletotalk .

honestly B.graciously

C.coherently D.flexibly

Thenovel,whichisaworkofart,existsnotbyits life,butbyitsimmeasurabledifferencefromlife.

significancein B.imaginationat

C.resemblanceto D.predominanceover

Shewasartfulandcouldalways herparentsintheend.

shoutdown B.getround

C.complywith D.passover

PARTIICLOZETEST (15minutes,15points)

Directions:Foreachblankinthefollowingpassage,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesgivenintheoppositecolumn.Markthecorrespondingletterofyourchoicewithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyour

Machine-scoringAnswerSheet.

Weareenteringaperiodinwhichrapidpopulationgrowth,thepresenceofdeadlyweapons,anddwindlingresourceswillbringinternationaltensionstodangerouslevelsforanextendedperiod.Indeed,21seemsnoreasonfortheselevelsofdangertosubsideunlesspopulationequilibriumis22andsomeroughmeasureoffairnessreachedinthedistributionofwealthamongnations.23ofadequatemagnitudeimplyawillingnesstoredistribute einternationallyonamoregenerous24thantheadvancednationshaveevidencedwithintheir

owns.Therequiredincreasesin25inthebackwardregionswouldnecessitategiganticapplicationsofenergymerelytoextractthe26resources.

Itisuncertainwhethertherequisiteenergy-producingtechnologyexists,andmoreserious,27thatitsapplicationwouldbringustothethresholdofanirreversiblechangeinclimate28aconsequenceoftheenormousadditionof

manmadeheattotheatmosphere.Itisthis29problemthatposesthemostdemandinganddifficultofthechallenges.Theexisting30ofindustrialgrowth,withnoallowanceforincreasedindustrializationtorepairglobalpoverty,

hold31theriskofenteringthedangerzoneofclimaticchangeinas32asthreeorfourgenerations.Ifthetrajectoryisinfactpursued,industrialgrowth

will33havetocometoanimmediatehalt,foranothergenerationortwoalongthat34wouldlillyconsumehuman,perhapsalllife.Theterrifying ecanbepostponedonlytotheextentthatthewastageofheatcanbe

reduced,35thatthatdonotaddtotheatmosphericheatburden—forexample,theuseofsolarenergy—canbeutilized.(1996)

A.one B.it C.this D.there

A.achieved B.succeeded C.produced D.executed

A.Transfers B.Transactions C.Transports D.Transcripts

A.extent B.scale C.measure D.range

A.outgrowthB.outcrop C.output D. e

A.needed B.needy C.needless D.needing

A.possible B.possibly C.probable D.probably

A.in B.with C.as D.to

A.least B.late C.latest D.last

A.race B.pace C.face D.lace

A.on B.up C.down D.out

A.less B.fewer C.many D.little

A.rather B.hardly C.then D.yet

A.line B.move C.drive D.track

A.if B.or C.while D.as

PARTIII READINGCOMPREHENSION

SectionA(60minutes,30points)

Directions:Beloweachofthefollowingpassagesyouwillfindsomequestionsor letestatements.EachquestionorstatementisfollowedbyfourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Readeachpassagecarefully,andthenselectthechoicethatbestanswersthequestionorcompletesthestatement.MarktheletterofyourchoicewithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourMachine-scoringAnswerSheet.

Passage1

Thewritingofahistoricalsynthesisinvolvesintegratingthematerialsavailabletothehistorianintoacomprehensiblewhole.Theprobleminwritingahistorical

synthesisishowtofindapatternin,orimposeapatternupon,thedetailedinformationthathasalreadybeenusedtoexinthecausesforahistoricalevent.

Asynthesisseekscommonelementsinwhichtointerpretthecontingentpartsofahistoricalevent.Theinitialstep,therefore,inwritingahistoricalsynthesis,istoputtheeventtobesynthesizedinaproperhistorical,sothatthecommonelementsorstrandsmakinguptheeventcanbedetermined.Thiscanbe

plishedbyyzingthehistoricaleventaspartofageneraltrendorcontinuuminhistory.Thecommonelementsthatarefamiliartotheeventwill

etheideologicalframeworkinwhichthehistorianseekstosynthesize.Thisisnottosaythatanyfactorwillnothaveagreaterrelativevalueinthehistorian’shandlingoftheinterrelatedwhenviewedinabroadhistorical.

Thehistorian,insynthesizing,mustdeterminetheextenttowhichtheexistinghypotheseshavesimilartrends.Ageneraltrendline,onceestablished,willenablethesesimilartrendstobecorrelatedandparalleledwithintheconceptualframeworkofacommonbase.Asynthesisfurtherseekstodetermine,fromexistinghypotheses,whyan etookthedirectionitdid;thus,itnecessitatesreconstructingthespiritofthetimesinordertoassimilatethepolitical,social,psychological,etc.,factorswithinacommonbase.

Assuch,thesynthesis esthelogicalconstructininterpretingthecommongroundbetweenanoriginalexnationofan e(thesis)andthereinterpretationofthe ealongdifferentlines(antithesis).Therefore,the

synthesisnecessitatestheintegrationofthematerialsavailableintoacomprehensiblewholewhichwillinturnprovideanewhistoricalfortheeventbeingsynthesized.

Theauthorwouldmostlybeconcernedwith .

findingthemostimportantcauseforaparticularhistoricalevent

determiningwhenhypothesesneedtobereinterpreted

imposingapatternuponvaryinginterpretationsforthecausesofaparticularhistoricalevent

attributingmanyconditionsthattogetherleadtoaparticularhistoricaleventortosinglemotive

Themostimportantpreliminarystepinwritingahistoricalsynthesiswouldbe .

toaccumulatesufficientreferencematerialtoexinanevent

yzingthehistoricaleventtodetermineifa“singlethemetheory”applestotheevent

determiningthecommonstrandsthatmakeupahistoricalevent

interpretinghistoricalfactorstodetermineifonefactorwillhaverelativelygreatervalue

Thebestdefinitionfortheterm“historicalsynthesis”wouldbe

.

combiningelementsofdifferentmaterialintoaunifiedwhole

atentativetheorysetforthasanexnationforanevent

thedirectoppositeoftheoriginalinterpretationofanevent

interpretinghistoricalmaterialtoprovethathistoryrepeatsitself

Ahistorianseekstoreconstructthe“spirit”ofatimeperiodbecause

.

theeventsinhistoryaremoreimportantthanthepeoplewhomakehistory

existinghypothesesareadequateinexininghistoricalevents

thisisthebestmethodtodeterminethesinglemostimportantcauseforaparticularaction

varyingfactorscanbeassimilatedwithinacommonbase

Whichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthorconsiderfalse?

Onefactorinahistoricalsynthesiswillnothaveagreatervaluethanotherfactors.

Itispossibletoyzecommonunifyingpointsinhypotheses.

Historicaleventsshouldbestudiedaspartofacontinuuminhistory.

Asynthesisseekstodeterminewhyan etookthedirectionitdid.

Passage2

Whenyoucallthe,thedispatcherhastolocatethecarnearestyouthatistorespond.Thismeansthedispatcherhastokeeptrackofthestatusandlocationofeverycar—notaneasytaskforalargedepartment.

Anotherproblem,whichariseswhencarsareassignedtoregularpatrols,isthatthepatrolsmaybetooregular.Ifcriminalsfindoutthatcarswillpassaparticularlocationatregularintervals,theysimplyntheircrimesfortimeswhennopatrolisexpected.Therefore,patrolcarsshouldpassbyanyparticularlocationatrandomtimes;thefactthatacarjustpassedshouldbenoguaranteethatanotheroneisnotjustaroundthecorner.Yetsimplyorderingtheofficerstopatrolatrandomwouldleadtochaos.

Acomputerdispatchingsystemcansolveboththeseproblems.Thecomputerhasnotroublekeetrackofthestatusandlocationofeachcar.Withthisinformation,itcandetermineinstantlywhichcarshouldrespondtoan ing

call.Andwiththeaidofapseudorandomnumbergenerator,thecomputercanassignroutinepatrolssothatcriminalscan’tpredictjustwhenacarwillpassthroughaparticulararea.

(Beforecomputers,sometimesusedroulettewheelsandsimilardevicestomakerandomassignments.)

Computersalsocanrelieveofficersfromconstantlyhavingtoreporttheirstatus.Thecarwouldcontainaspecialautomaticradiotransmitterandreceiver.Theofficerwouldsetadialonthisunitindicatingthecurrentstatusofthecar—patrolling,directingtraffic,chasingaspeeder,answeringacall,outtolunch,andsoon.Whennecessary,thecomputeratheadquarterscouldpollthecarforitsstatus.Thevoiceradiochannelswouldnotbecloggedwithcarsconstantlyreportingwhattheywereng.Acomputerinthecarautomaticallycoulddeterminethelocationofthecar,perhapsusingtheLORANmethod.Thelocationofthecaralsowouldbesentautomaticallytotheheadquarterscomputer.

Thebesttitleforthispassageshouldbe .

ComputersandCrimes

PatrolCarDispatching

ThePowerfulComputers

ThewithModernEquipment

AdispatcherisNOTsupposedto .

locateeverypatrolcar

guaranteecarsonregularpatrols

keepintouchwitheachcar

findoutwhichcarshouldrespondtothe ingcall

Ifthepatrolsaretooregular, .

thedispatcherswillbeboredwithit

theofficersmay ecareless

thecriminalsmaytakeadvantageofit

thestreetswillbeinastateofchaos

Thecomputerdispatchingsystemisparticularlygoodat .

assigningcarstoregularpatrols

respondingtothe ingcalls

orderingofficerstoreporttheirlocation

makingroutinepatrolsunpredictable

Accordingtotheaccountinthelastparagraph,howcanapatrolcarbelocatedwithoutcomputers?

officersreporttheirstatusconstantly.

Theheadquarterspollthecarforitsstatus.

Aradiotransmitterandreceiverisinstalledinacar.

Adialinthecarindicatesitscurrentstatus.

Passage3

Achildwhohasoncebeenpleasedwithatalelikes,asarule,tohaveitretoldinidenticallythesamewords,butthisshouldnotleadparentstotreatprintedfairystoriesassacredtexts.Itisalwaysmuchbettertolastorythanreaditoutofabook,and,ifaparentcanproducewhat,intheactualcircumstancesofthetimeandtheindividualchild,isanimprovementontheprintedtext,somuchthebetter.

Achargemadeagainstfairytalesisthattheyharmthechildbyfrighteninghimorarousinghissadisticimpulse.Toprovethelatter,onewouldhavetoshowinacontrolledexperimentthatchildrenwhohavereadfairystoriesweremoreoftenguiltyofcrueltythanthosewhohadnot.Aggressive,destructive,sadisticimpulseseverychildhasand,onthewhole,theirsymbolicverbaldischargeseemtoberatherasafetyvalvethananincitementtoovertaction.Astofears,thereare,Ithink,

well-authenticatedcasesofchildrenbeingdangerouslyterrifiedbysomefairystory.Often,however,thisarisesfromthechildhavingheardthestoryonce.Familiaritywiththestorybyrepetitionturnsthepainoffearintothepleasureofafearfacedandmastered.

Therearealsopeoplewhoobjecttofairystoriesonthegroundsthattheyarenotobjectivelytrue,thatgiants,witches,two-headeddragons,magiccarpets,etc.,donotexist;andthat,insteadofindulginghisfantasiesinfairytales,thechildshouldbetaughthowtoadapttorealitybystudyinghistoryandmechanics.Ifindsuchpeople,Imustconfess,sounsympatheticandpeculiarthatIdonotknowhowtoarguewiththem.Iftheircaseweresound,theworldshouldbefullofmadmenattemptingtoflyfromNewYorktoPhiladelphiaonabroomstickorcoveringaephonewithkissesinthebeliefthatitwastheirenchantedgirl-friend.

Nofairystoryeverclaimedtobeadescriptionoftheexternalworldandnosanechildhaseverbelievedthatitwas.

Accordingtotheauthor,thebestwaytorelastorytoachildisto

.

litinacreativeway

takefromitwhatthechildlikes

addtoitwhateverathand

readitoutofthestorybook.

Inthesecondparagraph,whichstatementbestexpressestheauthor’sattitudetowardsfairystories?

Heseesinthemtheworstofhumannature.

Hedislikeseverythingaboutthem.

Heregardsthemasmoreofabenefitthanharms.

Heisexpectantoftheexperimentalresults.

Accordingtotheauthor,fairystoriesaremostlikelyto .

makechildrenaggressivethewholelife

incitedestructivenessinchildren

functionasasafetyvalveforchildren

addchildren’senjoymentofcrueltytoothers

Ifthechildhasheardsomehorrorstoryformorethanonce,accordingtotheauthor,hewouldprobablybe .

scaredtodeath

takingitandevenenjoyingit

sufferingmorethepainoffear

dangerouslyterrified

Theauthor’smentionofbroomsticksandephonesismeanttoemphasizethat .

oldfairystorieskeepupdatingthemselvestocaterformodernneeds

fairystorieshaveclaimedmanylivesofvictims

fairystorieshavethrownourworldintochaos

fairystoriesareafterallfairystories

Passage4

Therehasbeenalotofhand-wringingoverthedeathofElizabethSteinberg.Withoutblaminganyoneinparticular,neighbors,friends,socialworkers,theandnewspapereditorshavestruggledtodefinethecommunity’sresponsibilitytoElizabethandtootherbatteredchildren.Asthecollectivesoul-searchingcontinues,thereisapervadingsensethatthesystemfailedher.

Thefactis,inNewYorkStatethesystemcouldn’thavesavedher.Itisalmostimpossibletoprotectachildfromviolentparents,especiallyiftheyarewhite,middle-class,well-educatedandrepresentedbycounsel.

Whydoesthestatepermitagainstchildren?Thereareanumberofreasons.First,parentalprivilegeisarationalization.Inthepast,thelawwasgivingitsapprovaltothebiblicalinjunctionagainstsparingtherod.

Second,whileeveryoneagreesthatthestatemustacttoremovechildrenfromtheirhomeswhenthereisdangerofseriousphysicaloremotionalharm,manychildadvocatesbelievethatstateinterventionintheabsenceofseriousinjuryismoreharmfulthanhelpful.

Third,courtsandlegislaturestreadcarefullywhentheiractionsintrudeorthreatentointrudeonarelationshipprotectedbytheConstitution.In1923,theSupremeCourtrecognizedthe“l(fā)ibertyofparentandguardiantodirecttheupbringingandeducationofchildrenundertheircontrol.”Morerecently,in1977,itupheldtheteacher’sprivilegetousecorporalpunishmentagainstschoolchildren.Readtogether,thesedecisionsgivetheconstitutionalimprimaturtoparentaluseofphysical.

Underthebestconditions,smallchildrendependutterlyontheirparentsforsurvival.Undertheworst,theirdependencydoomsthem.WhileitisquestionablewhetheranyoneoranythingcouldhavesavedElizabethSteinberg,itisinthatthelawprovidednoprotection.

Tothecontrary,byjustifyingtheuseofphysicalagainstchildrenasanacceptablemethodofeducationandcontrol,thelawlentameasureofusibilityandlegitimacytoherparents’conduct.

Morethan80yearsago,intheteethofparentalandSupremeCourtdoctrine,theNewYorkStateLegislatureactedtoeliminatechildlaborlaw.Now,thestatemustacttoeliminatechildabusebybanningcorporalpunishment.Tobreakthecycleof,nothinglesswillanswer.IfthereisalessontobedrawnfromthedeathofElizabethSteinberg,itisthis:sparetherodandsparethechild.

TheNewYorkStatelawseemstoprovideleastprotectionofachildfromviolentparentsof .

afamilyonwelfare

apooruneducatedfamily

aneducatedblackfamily

amiddle-classwhitefamily

“Sparingtherod”(inboldface)means .

spoilingchildren

punishingchildren

notcaringaboutchildren

notbeatingchildren

Corporalpunishmentagainstschoolchildrenis .

takenasillegalintheNewYorkState

consideredbeingintheteacher’sprovince

officiallyapprovedbylaw

disapprovedbyschoolteachers

FromthearticlewecaninferthatElizabethSteinbergisprobablythevictimof .

teachers’corporalpunishment

misjudgmentofthecourt

parents’ill-treatment

street

Thewriterofthisarticlethinksthatbanningcorporalpunishmentwillinthelongrun .

preventofadults

savemorechildren

protectchildrenfromill-treatment

betterthesystem

Passage5

Withitscommoninterestinlawbreakingbutitsimmenserangeof

subject-matterandwidely-varyingmethodsoftreatment,thecrimenovelcouldmakealegitimateclaimtoberegardedasaseparatebranchofliture,or,atleast,asadistinct,eventhoughaslightlydisreputable,offshootofthetraditionalnovel.

Thedetectivestoryisprobablythemostrespectable(atanyrateinthenarrowsenseoftheword)ofthecrimespecies.Itscreationisoftentherelaxationofuniversityscholars,liryeconomists,scientistsorevenpoets.Disastrousdeathsmayoccurmorefrequentlyandmysteriouslythanmightbeexpectedinpolitesociety,buttheworldinwhichtheyhappen,thevillage,seasideresort,collegeorstudio,isfamiliartous,ifnotfromourownexperience,atleastinthenewspaperorthelivesoffriends.Thecharacters,thoughnormallyrealizedsuperficially,areasrecognizablyhumanandconsistentasourlessintimateacquaintances.AstorysetinamoreremoteAfricanjungleorAustralianbush,ancientorgas-litLondon,

appealstoourinterestingeographyorhistory,andmostdetectivestorywritersareconscientiousinprovidingareasonablytruebackground.Theelaborate,

carefully-assembledplot,despisedbythemoderninlectualcriticsandcreatorsof“significant”novels,hasfoundrefugeinthemurdermystery,withitssprinklingofclues,itsspicingwithapparentimpossibilities,allwithappropriatesolutionsandexnationsattheend.Withtheguiltofescapismfromreallifenagginggently,wesecretlytakedelightintheunmaskingofevilbyavaguelysuper-humandetective,whoseesthroughanddispelsthecloudofsuspicionwhichhashoveredsounjustlyovertheinnocent.

Thoughitsvillainalsoreceiveshisrightfuldeserts,thethrillerpresentsalesscomfortableandcredibleworld.Thesequenceoffistfights,revolverduels,carcrashesandescapesfromgas-filledcellarsexhauststhereaderfarmorethanthehero,who,sufferingfromatleasttwobrokenribs,oneblackeye,uncountablebruisesandahaner,canstillchaseandoverpoweranarmedvillainwiththephysiqueofawrestler,Hemovesdangerouslythroughaworldofruthlessgangs,,aviciouslustforpowerandmoneyand,incontrasttothedetectivetale,withanear-omniscientarch-criminalwhosedefeatseemsalmostaccidental.

Perhapswemissinthethrillerthesecurityofbeingsafelyledbyourimperturbableinvestigatorpastascoreofredherringsandblindavenuestoafinalgatheringof

swhenanunchallengeableelucidationofallthathasbewilderedusisgivenandjusticeandgoodnessprevail.Allthatwevainlyhopeforfromlifeisgrantedvicariously.

Thecrimenovelisregardedbytheauthoras .

anotrespectableformofthetraditionalnovel

notatruenovelatall

relatedinsomewaystothehistoricalnovel

adistinctbranchofthetraditionalnovel

Thecreationofdetectivestorieshasitsoriginin .

seekingrestfromworkorworries

solvingmysteriousdeathsinthissociety

restoringexpectationsinpolitesociety

preventingcrimes

Thecharactersofthedetectivestoriesare,generallyspeaking, .

moreprofoundthanthoseofthetraditionalnovels

asrealaslifeitself

notlikehumanbeingsatall

notveryprofoundbutnotunlikely

Thesettingofthedetectivestoriesissometimesinamoreremotecebecause .

itismorereal

ourfriendsarefamiliarwithit

itpleasesthereadersinaway

itneedsthereaders’support

Thewriterofthispassagethinks .

whatpeoplehopeforfromlifecanfinallybegrantediftheyhaveconfidence

peopleliketofeelthatjusticeandgoodnesswillalwaystriumph

theyknowintherealworldgooddoesnotprevailoverevil

theirhopesinlifecanonlybefulfilledthroughfictionreading

Passage6

Wheneverweareinvolvedinacreativetypeofactivitythatisself-rewarding,afeeling esus—afeelingthatwecancall“flow.”Whenweareflowingweloseallsenseoftimeandawarenessofwhatishappeningaroundus;instead,wefeelthateverythingisgoingjustright.

Arockdancerdescribeshisfeelingofflowlikethis:“IfIhaveenoughspace,IfeelIcanradiateanenergyintotheatmosphere.Icandanceforwalls,Idanceforfloors.I eonewiththeatmosphere.”“Youareinanecstaticstatetosuchapointthatyoudon’texist,”saysacomposer,describinghowhefeelswhenhe“flows.”yersofanysportthroughouttheworldarefamiliarwiththefeelingofflow;theyenjoytheiractivityverymuch,eventhoughtheycanexpectlittleextrinsicreward.Thesameholdstrueforsurgeons,caveexplorers,andmountainclimbers.

Flowprovidesasortofphysicalsensationalongwithanalteredstateofbeing.Onemanputitthisway:“Yourbodyfeelsgoodandawakeallover.Yourenergyisflowing.”Peoplewhoflowfeelpartofthisenergy;thatis,theyaresoinvolvedinwhattheyarengthattheydonotthinkofthemselvesasbeingseparatefromtheiractivity.Theyareflowingalongwiththeirenjoyment.Moreover,theyconcentrateintenselyontheiractivity.Theydonottrytoconcentrateharder,however;theconcentrationcomesautomatically.Achessyercomparesthisconcentrationtobreathing.Astheyconcentrate,thesepeoplefeelimmersedintheaction,lostintheaction.Theirsenseoftimeisalteredandtheyskipmealsandsleepwithoutnoticingtheirloss.Sizesandspacesalsoseemaltered:successfulbaseballyersseeandhittheballsomuchbetterbecauseitseemslargertothem.Theycanevendistinguishtheseamsonaballapproachingthemat165kilometersperhour.

Itseemsthenthatflowisa“floatingaction”inwhichtheindividualisawareofhisactionsbutnotawareofhisawareness.Agoodreaderissoabsorbedinhis

bookthatheknowsheisturningthepagestogoonreading,buthedoesnotnoticeheisturningthesepages.Themomentpeoplethinkaboutit,flowisdestroyed,sotheyneveraskthemselvesquestionssuchas“AmIngwell?”or“Dideveryoneseemyjump?”

Finally,toflowsuccessfullydependsagreatdealontheactivityitself;nottoodifficulttoproduceanxiety,nottooeasytobringaboutboredom;challenging,interesting,fun.Somegoodexamplesofflowactivitiesaregamesandsports,reading,learning,workingonwhatyouenjoy,andevenday-dreaming.

Whatisthemainpurposeofthearticle?

toillustratethefeelingof“flow”

toyzethecausesofaspecialfeeling

todefinethenewpsychologicalterm“flow”

toleadpeopletoacquirethefeelingof“flow”

Inthisarticle,“flow”referstoafeelingwhichprobablyresultsfrom

.

awareness

ecstasy

unconsciousness

self-rewarding

Theword“immersed”(inboldface)isclosestinmeaningto .

occupied

engrossed

soaked

committed

Whatdoesoneusuallyactwhile“flowing”inreading?

thinkswhatheisng

wondershowfasthecanread

turnsthepages

mindsthepagenumber

Theactivitywhichcansuccessfullybringabout“flow”ismostprobably

.

grip

difficult

boring

easy

SectionB(20minutes,10points)

Direction:Ineachofthefollowingpassages,fivesentenceshavebeenremovedfromtheoriginaltext.TheyarelistedfromAtoFandputbelowthepassage.

Choosethemostsuitablesentencefromthelisttofillineachoftheblanks(numbered66to75).Foreachpassage,thereisonesentencethatdoesnotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersonyourmachinescoringAnswerSheet.

Passage1

Ahistoryoflongandeffortlesssuccesscanbeadreadful