專業(yè)英語四級歷年考試真題與答案解析（IV）

專業(yè)英語四級·歷年考試真題與答案解析：第IV套PartIDICTATION(15MIN)Listentothefloowingpassage.Altogetherthepassagewillbereadtoyoufourtimes.Duringthefirstreading,whichwillbedoneatnormalspeed,listenandtrytounderstandthemeaning.Forthesecondandthirdreading,thepassagewillbereadsentecebysentece,orphrasebyphrase,withintervalsof15sencond.Thelastreadingwillbereadatnormalspeedagainandduringthetimeyoushouldcheckyourwork.Youwillthenbegiven2minutestocheckthroughyourworkoncemore.PleasewritethewholepassageonANSWERSHEETONE.PARTⅡLISTENINGCOMPREHE(20MIN)InsectionsA,BandCyouwillheareverythingONCEONLY.Listencarefullyandthenanswerthequestionsthatfollow.Markthecorrectanswertoeachquestiononyouranswersheet.SECTIONACONVERSATIONSInthissectionyouwillhearseveralconversations.Listentotheconversationscarefullyandthenanswerthequestionsthatfollow.Questions1to3arebasedonthefollowingconversation.Attheendoftheconversation,youwillbegiven15secondstoanswerthequestions.Nowlistentotheconversation.1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTneededfortheLostPropertyForm?A.NameB.NationalityC.AddressD.Phonenumber2.FromtheconversationweknowthatMarkAdamscomesfromA.EssexB.EdinburghC.LondonD.TheUS3.WhatwillMarkAdamsdothedayaftertomorrow?A.TocometotheofficeagainB.TowaitforthephonecallC.TocalltheofficeD.TowritetotheofficeQuestions4to7arebasedonthefollowingconversation.Attheendoftheconversation,youwillbegiven20secondstoanswerthequestions.Nowlistentotheconversation.8.AttheuniversityMr.RobinsonspecializedinA.mathsB.physicsC.watermanagementD.geography9.Mr.RobinsonworkedfortheIndianGovernmentbecauseofA.universitylinksB.governmentagreementsC.companyprojects.D.degreerequirements10.AfterMr.RobinsonreturnedfromIndia,heA.changedjobsseveraltimesB.wenttoliveinManchesterC.didsimilarworkinIndiaD.becameheadofaresearchteamSECTIONBPASSAGESInthissection,youwillhearseveralpassages.Listentothepassagescarefullyandthenanswerthequestionsthatfollow.Questions11-13arebasedonthefollowingtalk.Attheendofthetalk,youwillbegiven15secondstoanswerthequestions.Nowlistentothetalk.11.Accordingtothetalk,theownerofabikehastoA.registerhisbikeimmediatelyB.puthisbikeonalistatonceC.haveitstampedwithanumberD.reporttothepolicestation12.ThespeakerinthetalkrecommendsA.twolocksforanexpensivebikeB.agoodlockforanexpensivebikeC.cheaplocksforcheapbikesD.goodlocksforcheapbikes13.Whatisthemainideaofthetalk?A.HowtohavethebikestampedB.HowtoprotectyourbikeC.HowtobuygoodlocksD.HowtoreportyourlostbiketothepoliceQuestions14to17arebasedonthefollowingconversation.Attheendoftheconversation,youwillbegiven20secondstoanswerthequestions.Nowlistentotheconversation.14.Whichcourse(s)runsorrunforonehoureachtime?A.conversationclassB.writingskillsclassC.examinationskillsclassD.allofthethreecourse15.whichcourse(s)doesordoNOTrequireenrolmentbeforehand?A.conversationclassB.writingskillsclassC.examinationaskillsclassD.allofthethreecourses16.Whichcourse(s)is(are)designedespeciallyforstudentsofeconomicsandsocialsciences?A.conversationclassB.writingskillsclassC.examinationskillsclassD.allofthethreecourses17.Whichcourse(s)is(are)theshortest?A.conversationclassB.writingskillsclassC.examinationskillsclassD.alllanguagecoursesQuestions18to20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.Attheendoftheconversation,youwillbegiven15secondstoanswerthequestions.Nowlistentotheconversation.18.HowoldwasLeonardodaVinciwhenhemovedtoMilan?A.25B.30C.35D.4019.Throughouthislife,LeonardodaVinciworkedasallthefollowingEXCEPTA.apainterB.anengineerC.anarchitectD.abuilder20.WheredidLeonarddaVincidie?A.inFranceB.inMilanC.InFlorenceD.inTuscanySECTIONCNEWSBROADCASTInthissectionyouwillhearseveralnewitems.Listentothemcarefullyandthenanswerthequestionsthatfollow.Questions21to22arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven10secondstoanswerthequestions.Nowlistentothenews21.WhohadtoleavetheCazaStripandtheWestBank?A.TheIsraeliarmyB.TheJewishsettlersC.ThePalestiniansD.TheIsraeliPrimeMinister.22.HowmanysettlementswouldhavetoberemovedaltogetherintheGazaStripandtheWestBank?A.2B.4C.21D.25Questions23to24arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven10secondstoanswerthequestion.Nowlistentothenews.23.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthenews?A.TheagreementhastobeapprovedbyRomaniaB.TheagreementhastobeapprovedbyBulgariaC.TheagreementhastobeapprovedbysomeEUstatesD.TheagreementhastobeapprovedbyalltheEUstates24.RomaniaandBulgariacannotjointheEUin2007unlesstheycarryoutreformsinthefollowingareasEXCEPTA.manufacturingB.bordercontrolC.administrationD.justiceQuestions25to26arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven10secondstoanswerthequestion.Nowlistentothenews.25.Whatisthethemeoftheforum?A.businessleadershipB.globalbusinesscommunityC.economicprospectsinChinaD.businessandgovernmentinChina26.Accordingtothenews,thefirstforumwasheldA.10yearsagoB.3yearsagoC.in1999D.in2001Questions27to28arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven10secondstoanswerthequestion.Nowlistentothenews.27.About___ofthe15,000visitorsontheopeningdayofHongKongDisneylandcamefromthemainland.A.4000B.5000C.6000D.700028.Accordingtothenews,residentsin___showedleastinterestinvisitingthethemepark.A.BeijingB.GuangzhouC.ShanghaiD.HongKongQuestions29to30arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven10secondstoanswerthequestion.Nowlistentothenews.29.Whatisthenewsmainlyabout?A.religiousviolenceB.refugeeissuesC.aferrydisasterD.arescueoperation30.Theferryboatwasdesignedtocarry___passengers.A.198B.200C.290D.500PARTIII

CLOSE[15MIN]Decidewhichofthechoicesgivenbelowwouldbestcompletethepassageifinsertedinthecorrespondingblanks.Markthebestchoiceforeachblankonyouranswersheet.UntilItookDrOffutt’sclassinDeMathaHighschool,Iwasanunderachievingstudent,butIleftthatclass(31)_______nevertounderachieveagain.Henotonly31.A.concernedB.worriedC.determinedD.decidedTaughtmetothink,heconvincedme,(32)________byexampleas32.A.asmuchB.muchasC.assuchD.suchasWordsthatitwasmymoral(33)_______todosoandtoserve33.A.workB.jobC.dutyD.obligationothers.(34)_____ofuscouldknowhowourrelationshipwould34.A.BothB.NeitherC.EitherD.Each(35)_______overtheyears.WhenIcamebacktoDeMathato35.A.evolveB.stayC.remainD.turnteachEnglish,IworkedforDrOffutt,thedepartmentchair.Mydiscussionwithhimwerelikegraduateseminarsinadolescent(36)______,classroommanagementandschoolleadership.36.A.processB.procedureC.developmentD.movementAfterseveralyears,Iwas(37)_______departmentchair,37.A.calledB.namedC.askedD.invitedandourrelationship(38)________again.Ithoughtthatitmight38.A.movedB.alteredC.wentD.shiftedbe(39)______chairingthedepartment,sinceallof39.A.awkwardB.uneasyC.unnaturalD.formermy(40)______Englishteacherswere40.A.olderB.experiencedC.formerD./(41)_______there,butDrOffuttsupportedme41.A.

/B.stillC.evenD.already(42)_______.Heknewwhentogivemeadvice42.A.throughB.throughoutC.atthebeginningD.alltheway(43)_______curriculum,textsandpersonnel,andwhento43.A.forB.atC.overD.aboutletme(44)______myowncourse.44.A.chartB.headC.describeD.manageIn1997,Ineededhis(45)______aboutleavingDeMatha45.A.opinionB.requestC.permissionD.ordertobecomeprincipalatanotherschool.(46)_______hehadasked46.A.EvenifB.AlthoughC.IfD.WhenmetostayatDeMatha,Imighthave.(47)_______,heencouraged47.A.NaturallyB.InsteadC.consequentlyD.Stillmetoseizetheopportunity.Fiveyearsago,IbecametheprincipalofDeMatha.(48)________,48.A.OnceagainB.RepeatedlyC.UnusallyD.UnexpectedlyDrOffuttwasthereforme,lettingmeknowthatIcould(49)_______49.A.countinB.countdownC.countoutD.countonhim.Ihavelearnedfromhimthatgreatteachershaveaninexhaustible(50)________oflessonstoteach.50.A.stockB.bankC.wealthD.store

PARTIV

GRAMMER&VOCABULARY[15MIN]Therearethirtysentencesinthissection.BeneatheachsentencetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Chooseonewordorphrasethatbestcompletesthesentences.51.Thereareasgoodfishinthesea_____evercameoutofit.A.thanB.like

C.as

D.so52.AllthePresident’sMen______oneoftheimportantbooksforhistorianswhostudytheWatergateScandal.A.remainB.remainsC.remained

D.isremaining53.’You______borrowmynotesprovidedyoutakecareofthem,’Itoldmyfriend.A.couldB.shouldC.must

D.can54.Ifonlythepatient______adifferenttreatmentinsteadofusingtheantibiotics,hemightstillbealivenow.A.hadreceivedB.received

C.shouldreceive

D.werereceiving55.Lindawas_____teexperimentamonthago,butshechangedhermindatthelastminute.A.

tostart

B.tohavestartedC.tobestartingD.tohavebeenstarting56.She_____fiftyorsowhenIfirstmetherattheconference.A.mustbe

B.hadbeen

C.couldbe

D.musthavebeen57.Itisnot______muchthelanguageasthebackgroundthatmakesthebookdifficulttounderstand.A.that

B.as

C.so

D.very58.Thecommintteehasanticipatedtheproblemsthat________intheroadconstructionproject.A.arise

B.willarise

C.arose

D.havearisen59.Thestudentsaidtherewereafewpointsintheessayhe_______impossibletocomprehend.A.hadfound

B.finds

C.hasfound

D.wouldfind60.Hewouldhavefinishedhiscollegeeducation,buthe_______toquitandfindajobtosupporthisfamily.A.hadhad

B.has

C.had

D.wouldhave61.Theresearchrequiresmoremoneythan________.A.havebeenputin

B.hasbeenputin

C.beingputin

D.tobeputin62.Overpopulationposesaterriblethreattothehumanrace.Yetitisprobably________athreattothehumanracethanenviromentaldestruction.A.nomore

B.notmore

C.evenmore

D.muchmore63.Itisnotuncommonforthere_______problemsofcommunicationbetweentheoldandtheyoung.A.being

B.wouldbe

C.be

D.tobe64.________atinhisway,thesituationdoesnotseemsodesperate.A.Looking

B.looked

C.Beinglooked

D.tolook65.ItisabsolutelyessentialthatWilliam________hisstudyinspiteofsomelearningdifficulties.A.willcontinueB.continued

C.continue

D.continues66.Thepaintingheboughtatthestreetmarkettheotherdaywasa_______forgery.A.man-made

B.natural

C.crude

D.real67.She’salwaysbeenkindtome–Ican’tjustturn______onhernowthatsheneedsmyhelp.A.myback

B.myhead

C.myeye

D.shoulder68.Thebarintheclubisforthe______useofitsmembers.A.extensive

B.exclusive

C.inclusive

D.comprehensive69.Thetutitionfeesare______tostudentscomingfromlow-incomefamilies.A.approachableB.payable

C.reachable

D.affordable70.Themedicalexpertswarnedtheauthoritiesofthedangerofdiseasesinthe_______oftheearthquake.A.consequenceB.aftermath

C.results

D.effect71.Thissortofrudebehaviourinpublichardly______apersoninyourposition.A.becomes

B.fits

C.supports

D.improves72.Imustleavenow._______,ifyouwantthatbookI’llbringitnexttime.A.AccidentallyB.Incidentally

C.Eventually

D.Naturally73.Afteralongdelay,she______replyingtomye-mail.A.gotawaywithB.gotbackat

C.gotback

D.gotroundto74.Personalcomputersarenolongersomethingbeyondtheordinarypeople;theyare________availablethesedays.A.promptly

B.instantly

C.readily

D.quickly75.InmyfirstyearattheuniversityIlearntthe_______ofjournalism.A.basics

B.basic

C.elementary

D.elements76.Accordingtothenewtaxlaw,anymoneyearnedoverthatlevelistaxedatthe______of59percentA.ratio

B.percentage

C.proportion

D.rate77.Thousandsof_______atthestadiumcametotheirfeettopaytributetoanoutstandingperformance.A.audience

B.participants

C.spectators

D.observers78.Westoodstill,gazingoutoverthelimitless______ofthedessert.A.space

B.expanse

C.stretch

D.land79.Doctoroften______uneasinessinthepeopletheydealwith.A.smell

B.hear

C.sense

D.tough80.Marysatatthetable,lookedattheplateand______herlips.A.smacked

B.opened

C.parted

D.seperatedPARTV

READING

COMPREHENSION[25MIN]Inthissectiontherearefourpassagesfollowedbyquestionsorunfinishedstatements,eachwithfoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatyouthinkisthebestanswer.TEXTAIfyouliketheideaofstayingwithwithafamily,livinginhousemightbetheanswer.Goodlandladies---thosewhoaresuperbcooksandlaunderers,arefiguresaspopularinfictionasthebadoneswhoterrorizetheirguestandoverchargethemattheslightestopportunity.Thetruthisprobablysomewherebetweenthetwoextremes.Ifyouarelucky,thefoodwillbeadequate,someofyourlaundrymaybedoneforyouandyouwillhaveareasonableamountofcomfortandchompanionship.Forthelessfortune,houserulesmayrestrictthefreedomtoinvitefriendstovistit,andsharedcookingandbathroomfacilitiescanbefrustratingandrow-provokingiftidyanduntidyguestarelivingunderthesameroof.Thesamedisadvantagescanapplytoflatsharing,withtheaddeddifficultiesthatarisefromdecidingwhopaysforwhat,andinwhatproportion.Onepersonmayspendhoursonthephone,whileanotherrarelymakescalls.Ifyouwantprivacywithguest,howdoyoupersuadetheotherstogoout;howdoyoupersuadethemtoleaveyouinpeace,especiallyifyouarestudentandwanttostudy?Conversely,flatsharingcanbeverycheap,therewillalwaysbesomeonetotalktoandgooutwith,andthechores,intheory,canbeshared.81.Accordingtothepassage,landladiesare________A.usuallystrict.B.alwaysmean.C.adequatelycompetent.D.verypopularwiththeirguest.82.Whatistheadditionaldisadvantageofflatsharing?A.Problemsofsharingandpaying.B.Differencesinlivinghabits.C.Sharedcookingandbathroomfacilities.D.Restrictiontoinvitefriendstovisit.83.WhatisNOTmentionedasabenefitofflatsharing?A.RentisaffordableB.Thereiscompanionship.C.Housework.D.Thereispeaceandquiet.TEXTB(1)Travellingthroughthecountryacoupleofweeksagoonbusiness,IwaslisteningtothetalkofthelateUKwriterDouglasAdams’masterwork“TheHitchhiker’sGuidetotheGalaxy”ontheradioandthought-Iknow,I’llpickupthenexthitchhikersIseeandaskthemwahatthestateofrealhitchingistodayinBritain.(2)Idroveanddroveonmainroadsandsideroadsforthenextfewdaysandneversawasingleone.(3)WhenIwasinmyteensand20s,hitchhikingwasamainformoflong-distancetransport.ThekindnessorcuriosityofstrangerstookmealloverEurope,NorthAmerica,AsiaandsouthernAfrica,Someofthelift-giversbecamefriends,manyprovidedhospitalityontheroad.(4)Notonlydidyoufindoutmuchmoreaboutacountrythanwhentravelingbytrainorplane,buttherewasthatlelementofexcitementaboutwhereyouwouldfinishupthatnight.HitchhikingfeaturedimportantlyinWesternculture.Ithasbooksandsongsaboutit.Sowhathashappenedtoit?(5)Afewyearsago,Iwasaskedthesamequestionabouthitchinginacolumnofanewspaper.Hundredsofpeoplefromallovertheworldrespondedwiththeirviewonthestateofhitchhiking.(6)RuralIrelandwasrecommendedasffriendlyplaceforhitching,aswasQuebec,Canada-“ifyoudon’tmindbeingcriticizedfornotspeakingFrench”.(7)Butwhilehitchhikingwasclearlystillaliveandwellinsomeplaces,thegeneralfeelingwasthatthroughtoutmuchofthewestitwasdoomed.(8)Withsomuchnewsaboutcrimeinthemedia,peopleassumedthatanyoneontheopenroadwithoutthemoneyforevenabusticketmustpresentadanger.Butdoweneedtobesowarybothtohitchandtogivealift?(9)InPolandinthe1960s,accordingtoaPolishwomanwhoe-mailme,＂theauthoritiesintroducedtheHitchhiker’sBooklet.Thebookletcontainedcouponsfordrivers,soeachtimeadriverpickedsomebody,heorshereceivedacoupon.Attheendoftheseason,driverswhohadpickedupthemosthikerswererewardedwithvariousprizes.Everyonewashitchhikingthen”.(10)Surelythisisagoodideaforsociety.Hitchhikingwouldincreaserespectbybreakingdownbarriersbetweenstrangers.Itwouldhelpfightglobalwarmingbycuttingdownonfuelconsumptionashitchhikerswouldbeusingexistingfuels.Itwouldalsoimproveeducationalstandardsbydeliveringinstantlessonsingeography,history,politicsandsociology.(11)AcenturybeforeDouglasAdamswrotehis“Hitchhiker’sGuide”,anotheradventurestorywriter,RobertLouisStevenson,gaveusthatwhatshouldbethehitchhiker’smotto:＂Totravelhopefullyisabetterthingthantoarrive.”Whatbettertimethanputtingaholidayweekendintopractice.Eitherputittothetestyourself,orhelpoutsomeonewhoistryingtotravelhopefullywiththumboutstreched.84.Inwhichparagraph(s)doesthewritercommentonhisexperienceofhitchhiking?A.(3)B.(4)C.(3)and(4)D.(4)and(5)85.Whatisthecurrentsituationofhitchhiking?A.Itispopularinsomepartsoftheworld.B.Itispopularthroughoutthewest.C.ItispopularinPoland.86.Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowardsthepracticeinPoland?A.Critical.B.Unclear.C.Somewhatfavourable.D.Stronglyfavourable.87.ThewriterhasmentionedallthefollowingbenefitsofhitchhikingEXCEPTA.promotingmutualrespectbetweenstrangers.B.increasingone’sconfidenceinstrangers.C.protectingenviroment.D.enrichone’sknowledge.88.＂Eitherputittothetestyourself…”inParagraph(11)meansA.toexperiencethehopefulness.B.toreadAdams’book.C.tooffersomeonealift.TEXTCIamafraidtosleep.Ihavebeenafraidtosleepforthelastfewweeks.Iamsotiredthat,finally,Idosleep,butonlyforafewminutes.Itisnotabaddreamthatwakesme;itistherealiryItookwithmeintosleep.Itrytothinkofsomethingelse.Immediatelythewomaninthemarketplacecomesintomymind.IwasonmywaytodinnerlastnightwhenIsawher.Shewassellingskirts.ShemovedwiththesameeaseandlovelinessIoftensawinthewomenofLaos.Herlongblackhairwasasshinyastheblacksilkoftheskirtsshewasselling.Inherhair,sheworethreesilkribbons,blue,green,andwhite.TheymemindedmeofmychildhoodandhowmygirlfriendsandIusedtospendhoursbraidingribbonsintoourhair.Idon’tknowthewordfor“ribbons”,soIputmyhandtomyownhairand,withthreefingersagainstmyhead,Ilookedatherribbonsandsaid“Beautiful.”Sheloweredhereyesandsaidnothing.Iwasn’tsureifsheunderstoodme(Idon’tspeakLaotianverywell).Ilookedbackdownattheskirts.Theyahddesignsinthem:squaresandtrianglesandcirclesofpinkandgreensilk.Theywereverypretty.Idecidedtobuyoneofthoseskirts,andIbegantobargainwithherovertheprice.ItisthecustomtobargaininAsia.InLaosbargainingisdoneinsoftvoicesandeasymoveswiththesortofquietpeacefulness.Shesmiled,morewithhereyesthanwithherlips.ShewaspleasedbythefewwordsIwasabletosayinherlanguage,althoughtheyweremostlynumbers,andshesawthatIunderstoodsomethingaboutthesoftplayfulnessofbargaining.Weshookourheadsindisagreementovertheprice;then,immediately,wemadeanotherofferandthenanothershakeofthehead.Shewassopleasedthatunexpectedly,sheacceptedthelastofferImade.Butitwastoosoon.Thepricewastoolow.Shewasbeingtoogenerousandwouldn’tmakeenoughmoney.Imovedquicklyandpickeduptwomoreskirtsandpaidforallthreeatthepriceset;thatwayIwasabletopayherthreetimesasmuchbeforeshehadachancetolowerthepriceforthelargerpurchase.Shesmiledopenlythen,and,forthefirsttimeinmonths,myspiritlifted.Ialmostfelthappy.Thefeelingstayedwithmewhileshewrappedtheskirtsinanewspaperandhandedthemtome.WhenIleft,though,thefeelingleft,too.Itwasasthoughitstayedbehindinmarketplace.Ilefttearsinmythroat.Iwantedtocry.Ididn’t,ofcourse.Ihavelearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatishard;withoutknowingit,Ihavealsolearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatissoftandwhatshouldbeeasy.Igetup,lightacandleandwanttolookattheskirts.Theyarestillinthenewspaperthatthewomanwrappedthemin.Iremovethepaper,andraisetheskirtsuptolookatthemagainbeforeIpackthem.Somethingfallstofloor.Ireachdownandfeelsomethingcoolinmyhand.ImoveclosetothecandlelighttoseewhatIhave.Therearefivelongsilkribbonsinmyhand,alldifferentcolours.Thewomaninthemaketplace!Shehasgiventheseribbonstome!Thereisnodefenseagainstagenerousspirit,andthistimeIcry,andveryhard,asifIcouldmakeupforallthemonthsthatIdidn’tcry.90.WhichofthefollowinginNOTcorret?A.Thewriterwasnotusedtobargaining.B.PeopleinAsiaalwaysbargainwhenbuyingthings.C.BargaininginLaoswasquietandpeaceful.D.Thewriterwasreadytobargainwiththewoman.91.ThewriterassumedthatthevomanacceptedthelastoffermainlybecausewomanA.thoughtthatthelastofferwasreasonable.B.thoughtshecouldstillmakemuchmoney.C.wasgladthatthewriterknewtheirwayofbargainning.D.wastiredofbargainningwiththewriteranymore.92.Whydidthewriterfinallydecidetobuythreeskirts?A.Theskirtswerecheapandpretty.B.Shelikedthepatternsontheskirts.C.Shewantedtodosomethingascompensation.D.Shewasfedupwithfurtherbargainningwiththewoman.93.Whendidthewriterleftthemarketplace,shewantedtocry,butdidnotbecauseA.shehadlearnedtostaycoolandunfeeling.B.shewasafraidofcryinginpublic.C.shehadlearnedtofacedifficultiesbravely.D.shehadtoshowinpublicthatshewasstrong.94.Whydidthewritercryeventuallywhenshelookedattheskirtsagain?A.shesuddentlyfeltverysad.B.shelikedtheribbonssomuch.C.shewasovercomebyemotion.D.shefeltsorryforthewoman.TEXTDThekidsarehangingout.Ipasssmallbandsofstudents,inmywaytoworkthesemorings.Theyhavebecomeafamiliarpartofthesummerlandscape.Thesekidsarenotoldenoughforjobs.Noraretheyrichenoughforcamp.Theyareschoolchildrenwithoutschool.Thecalendarcalledtheschoolyearranoutonthemafewweeksago.Oncesupervisedbyteachersandprincipals,theynowappeartobe“selfcare”.Passingthemislikepassingthroughatimezone.Formuchofourhistory,afterall,Americansarrangedtheschoolyeararoundtheneedsofworkandfamily.In19th-centurycities,schoolswereopensevenoreighthoursaday,11monthsayear.InruralAmerica,theyearwasarrangedaroundthegrowingseason.Now,only3percentoffamiliesfollowtheagriculturalmodel,butnearlyallschoolsarescheduledasifourchildrenwenthomeearlytomilkthecowsandtookmonthsofftoworkthecrops.Now,three-quartersofthemothersofschool-agechildrenwork,butthecalendariswrittenasiftheywerehomewaitingfortheschoolbus.Thesix-hourday,the180-dayschoolyearisregardedassomethingholy.Butwhenparentsworkaneight-hourdayanda240-dayyear,itmeanssomethingdifferent.Itmeansthatmanykidsgohometoemptyhouses.Itmeansthat,inthesummer,theyhangout.“Wehaveahugemismatchbetweentheschoolcalendarandrealistiesoffamilylife,”saysDr.ErnestBoyer,headoftheCarnegieFoundationfortheAdvancementofTeaching.Dr.Boyerisoneofmanywhobelievethataradicalrevisionoftheschoolcalendarisinevitable.＂School,whetherwelikeitornot,iseducational.Italwayshasbeen.”Hisisnotpopularidea.Schoolareroutinelyburdenedwiththejobofsolvingalloursocialproblems.Cantheybeaskedtomeettheneedsofourworkandfamilylives?Itmaybeeasiertopromotealingerschoolyearonitseducationalmeritsand,indeed,theeducationalcaseiscompelling.Despitethecomplaintsandstudiesaboutourkids’lackoflearning,theUnitedStatestillhasashorterschoolyearthananyindustrialnation.InmostofEurope,theschoolyearis220days.InJapan,itis240dayslong.Whileclassroomtimealonedoesn’tproduceawell-educatedchild,learningtakestimeandmorelearningtakesmoretime.Thelongsummersofforgettingtakeatoll.Theoppositiontoalongerschoolyearcomesfromfamiliesthatwanttoandcanprovideotherexperiencesfortheirchildren.Itcomesfromteachers.Itcomesfromtradition.Andsurelyfromkids.Butthemostimportantpartoftheconflicthasbeenoverthemoney.95.Whichofthefollowingisanopinionoftheauther’s?A.＂Thekidsarehangingout.”B.＂Theyareschoolchildrenwithoutschool.”C.＂Thesekidsarenotoldenoughforjobs.”D.“Thecalendarcalledtheschoolyearranoutonthemafewweeksago.”96.ThecurrentAmericanschoolcalendarwasdevelopedinthe19thcenturyaccordingtoA.thegrowingseasononnation’sform.B.thelabourdemandsoftheindustrialage.C.teachers’demandsformorevacationtime.D.parents’demandsforotherexperiencesfortheirkids.97.TheauthorthinksthatthecurrentschoolcalendarA.isstillvalid.B.isou