高考英語語法學(xué)習(xí)指導(dǎo)：非謂語及時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)實(shí)例點(diǎn)撥

高考英語語法學(xué)習(xí)指導(dǎo)：非謂語及時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)實(shí)例點(diǎn)撥高考英語語法時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)實(shí)例點(diǎn)撥一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(經(jīng)常、習(xí)慣、真理格言、時(shí)刻表、主將從現(xiàn))do/doesam/is/aredone常搭配的時(shí)間狀語：always,often,usually,sometimes,attimes,onSaturdays,everyday,onceamonth,frequently,every+基數(shù)詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)(每隔)翻譯：1.就像老話說的那樣，失敗是成功之母。Asthesayinggoes,failureisthemotherofsuccess.2.我們每?jī)芍芑丶乙淮?。Wegohomeeveryotherweek.3.他每天早上5：30起床，晚上10：00上床睡覺。Hegetsupat5：30everymorningandgotobedat10：00everynight.4.作業(yè)每天都做。(用被動(dòng)語態(tài))Homeworkisdoneeveryday.5.我們家附近有一家醫(yī)院，這對(duì)我們很必要。Thereisahospitalnearbywhichisnecessaryforus.6.我的航班于上午10點(diǎn)鐘起飛。Myflighttakesoffat10:00AM.7.如果你盡力的話你會(huì)成功的。Youllsucceedifyoutryyourbest.8.他一來我就告訴他這件事。補(bǔ)充：want,hope,plan,expect,intend,mean,suppose,think本身一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)后接不定式表示將來的含義9.我打算上一所重點(diǎn)大學(xué)。Iexpecttogotoakeyuniversity.做題法寶：一看主語定單復(fù)數(shù)、定語態(tài)，二看狀語或其他句子中的動(dòng)詞定時(shí)態(tài)一、一般過去式didwas/weredone常搭配的時(shí)間狀語：yesterday,lastweek/month,ago,inthepast,in1980,inthe1980s,thedaybeforeyesterday,theotherday(不久前的一天),atthattime,laterthatday,onceuponatime,翻譯：1.我小學(xué)上了五年。Istudiedattheprimaryschoolforfiveyears.2.我半年前加入了這個(gè)俱樂部。Ijoinedtheclubhalfayearago.3.自從他加入到這個(gè)俱樂部已經(jīng)半年了。IthasbeenhalfayearsinceIjoinedtheclub.4..他在拐角處停下把空瓶子扔進(jìn)了垃圾箱。Hestoppedatthecorneranddroppedtheemptybottleintothedustbin.5.從1952年到1959年他在部隊(duì)當(dāng)了7年兵。Heservedinthearmyfrom1952to1959forsevenyears.6.中國(guó)不再是它過去的樣子了。Chinaisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.7.過去，他寫了五部小說。Fivenovelswerewrittenbyhiminthepast.8.是時(shí)候努力學(xué)習(xí)了。Itshightimethatyouworkedhard.9.如果我是你的話，我會(huì)更努力學(xué)習(xí)Englishtec。IfIwereyou,Iwouldworkharder.三、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(動(dòng)作始于過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并可能繼續(xù)下去)has/havedonehas/havebeendone常搭配的時(shí)間狀語：lately,recently,in/over/duringthepast/lastfewdays,thesedays,sofar,bynow,uptonow,tillnow,1.這是到這個(gè)學(xué)校以來，我出席的最重要的講座。ItisthemostimportantlecturethatIhaveattendedsinceIcametothisschool.2.到目前為止，Tom已經(jīng)學(xué)了2000個(gè)英語單詞了。Sofar,Tomhaslearned2000Englishwords.3.她教英語有20年了。ShehastaughtEnglishfor20years.4.你去過倫敦嗎?HaveyoueverbeentoLondon?5.Sofar,progresshasbeen(be)verygoodandwearesurethattheworkwillbefinished(finish)ontime.6.Ihaventfound(find)thebooktillnow.---Dontworry.Youmayhaveleftitathome.Hisfirstnovelhasreceived(receive)goodreviewssinceitcameout(出版、發(fā)行)lastmonth.Inthepastfewyearsthousandsoffilmshavebeenproduced(produce)allovertheworld.四、過去完成時(shí)haddonehadbeendone常搭配的時(shí)間狀語:bythen,untilthen,bythattime,before2000,bytheendoflastmonth,bythetimehewasten,過去完成時(shí)的用法：1.過去的過去;到過去某個(gè)時(shí)間為止的動(dòng)作2.hardly/scarely(過完)when(一般過去)nosooner(過完)than(一般過去)表示剛就It/This/Thatwas+the序數(shù)詞time+that(過完)那是第幾次做hope,expect,think,intend,want,suppose等用于過去完成時(shí)時(shí)表示未實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望、打算或意圖，意為原本1.他說他在國(guó)外呆了3年了。Hesaidhehadbeenabroadfor3years.2.在我回家之前他已經(jīng)離開了。HehadleftbeforeIgothome.3.到上個(gè)學(xué)期末，我已經(jīng)學(xué)了3000歌單詞。Bytheendoflastterm,Ihadlearnt3000words.4.比賽剛剛開始就開始下雨了。Hardlyhadthegamebeganwhenitstartedtorain.5.那是他第三次犯同一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤了。Itwasthethirdtimethathehadmadethesamemistake.6.我本想幫你的，但當(dāng)時(shí)太忙了。Ihadintendedtohelpyou,butIwastoobusy.五、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/aredoingam/is/arebeingdone現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法：1.說話時(shí)或者現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作;與always/continually/constantly/forever/allthetime連用表示反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，含有厭惡、贊賞、遺憾等情緒1.我們的朋友現(xiàn)在正在外邊等我們呢。Ourfriendsarewaitingforusoutside.2.她現(xiàn)在正在大學(xué)學(xué)英語。SheisstudyingEnglishincollege.3.我爸媽這周六要來看我。Heisalwaysthinkingofothersfirst.5.教學(xué)樓正在被建。Thebuildingisbeingbuiltnow.六、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/weredoingwas/werebeingdone常用時(shí)間狀語：atthis/thattime+過去時(shí)間;atoclock+過去時(shí)間;fromto+過去時(shí)間;thosedays;justnow;lastnight1.昨天晚上9點(diǎn)鐘你在干什么呢?Whatwereyoudoingatninelastnight?2.那個(gè)男孩子正在寫作業(yè)的時(shí)候突然他爸爸進(jìn)來了。Theboywasdoinghishomeworkwhenhisfathercamein.七、一般將來時(shí)willdowillbedone1.老師一來，我們就開始上課。Itdoesntmatter.Iwillgomyself.Lookattheclouds.Itisgoingtorain.TheyaretobemarriedinthisMay.(按計(jì)劃安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,非個(gè)人能隨意改變)Heistosucceed.(注定)TheQueenistovisitJapaninaweekstime.Thetrainisabouttoleave(leave).火車馬上就要離開。八、過去將來時(shí)woulddowouldbedone表示從過去某個(gè)時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，有過去時(shí)間或動(dòng)作作參照。Was/wereabouttodo.when該句型很少與表示將來的具體時(shí)間狀語連用，但可以和when引導(dǎo)的狀語連用。1.他說他會(huì)在車站等我們。Hesaidhewouldwaitforusatthebusstop.2.我正準(zhǔn)備出門的時(shí)候我的一位老朋友來了。Iwastoabouttogooutwhenoneofmyoldfriendscame.九、將來進(jìn)行時(shí)willbe+doingwillbebeingdone表將來某個(gè)時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，或按計(jì)劃一定會(huì)發(fā)生的事情。明天這會(huì)我正在寫作業(yè)。Illbedoingmyhomeworkthistimetomorrow.十、將來完成時(shí)willhave+donewillhavebeendone表在將來某時(shí)刻之前業(yè)已完成的事情，時(shí)間狀語非常明顯。常用的時(shí)間狀語一般用by+將來的時(shí)間。如：bytheendofthisyear,by8o‘clockthisevening,byMarchnextyear以及由bythetime,before或when等引導(dǎo)的副詞從句。到下個(gè)月底，他就已經(jīng)學(xué)了3000個(gè)單詞了。Bytheendofnextmonth,hewillhavelearnt3000words.高考英語語法非謂語學(xué)習(xí)指導(dǎo)1.語法單句填空引入范例：動(dòng)詞ing(現(xiàn)在分詞)*MorehighwayshavebeenbuiltinChina，(make)itmucheasierforpeopletotravelfromoneplacetoanother.答案making動(dòng)詞ed分詞(過去分詞)*RecentlythefatherhasfoundhissonincreasinglyattractedtotheInternetgames.句意：最近那位父親發(fā)現(xiàn)他的兒子越來越沉溺于網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲。賓語hisson與attract為邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系。動(dòng)詞todo(不定式)Groupactivitieswillbeorganizedafterclass(help)childrendevelopteamspirit.(2014重慶，11)答案tohelp解析考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意為：將在課后組織各種團(tuán)體活動(dòng)以幫助兒童培養(yǎng)團(tuán)隊(duì)精神。培養(yǎng)團(tuán)隊(duì)精神是組織課外團(tuán)體活動(dòng)的目的。英語中表示目的時(shí)應(yīng)當(dāng)使用動(dòng)詞不定式。其他情況(spend)thepastyearasanexchangestudentinHongKong，Lindaappearsmorematurethanthoseofherage.(2014福建，27)答案Havingspent解析考查非謂語動(dòng)詞?；ㄙM(fèi)和其邏輯主語Linda之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞;且動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前，用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式Time,used(use)correctly,ismoneyinthebank.(2012湖南)Havingspent(spend)thepastyearasanexchangestudentinHongKong,Lindaappearsmorematurethanthoseofherage.(14福建)Havingbeenshown(show)aroundtheWaterCube,wewerethentakentoseetheBirdsNestforthe2008OlympicGames.(08陜西)Standing(stand)inalongqueue,wewaitedforthestoretoopentobuyaNewiPad.(2012陜西)Tired(tire)andshortofbreath,AndyandRubywerethefirsttoreachthetopofMountTai.(09浙江)Thenextthinghesawwassmokerising(rise)frombehindthehouse.(2011全國(guó)I)Georgereturnedafterthewar,onlytobetold(tell)thathiswifehadlefthim.(2012山東)8.Thelecturehavingbeengiven(give),alivelyquestion-and-answersessionfollowed.(2014江蘇)Tofree(free)ourselvesfromthephysicalandmentaltensions,weeachneeddeepthoughtandinnerquietness.(2014湖南)Absorbed(absorb)inthebookshewasreading,Marydidntnoticemeapproaching.Ⅱ卷)Thoughlacking(lack)money,hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtouniversity.14.Whilecrossing(cross)thestreet,youcantbetoocareful.Thewitnessesquestioned(question)bythepolicejustnowgaveverydifferentdeionsofthefight.(2013陜西)Hisfirstbooktobepublished(publish)nextmonthisbasedonatruestory.(2010陜西)18.Volunteeringgivesyouachancetochange(change)lives,includingyourown.(2013北stores.(2002全國(guó)春)Thereisanotepinnedtothedoorsaying(say)whentheshopwillopenagain.(2014山Withthegovernmentsaid,thoseaffected(affect)bytheearthquakehavemovedtothenewsettlements.(2009上海)Mrs.Brownwasmuchdisappointedtoseethewashingmachineshehadhadrepaired(repair)wentwrongagain.(1999上海)Tomwasexplainingtousandhewastryingtomakehimselfunderstood(understand).Withmanybrightlycoloredflowersplanted(plant)aroundthebuilding,hishouselookslikeabeautifulgarden.Lost(lose)inthemountainsforaweek,thetwostudentswerefinallysavedbythelocalpolice.(05江蘇)Astheoldsayinggoes,friendshipislikemoneyeasiermadethankept(keep).28.Whenshewasonhiswaybackhome,shehadherwalletstolen(steal)yesterday.29.Caught(catch)intheheavyrain,hewasallwet.Given(give)moretime,wecoulddoitmuchbetter.Dressed(dress)inawhiteuniform,helooksmorelikeacookthanadoctor.32.Lost(lose)inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.Driven(drive)byagreaterdemandofvegetables,farmershavebuiltmoregreenhouses.Seen(see)fromthetopofhill,thetownlooksmorebeautiful.35.Whentheygotthere,thegirlwasfoundbeaten(beat)blackandblue.36.Theclub,founded(found)25yearsago,isholdingapartyforpastandpresentmembers.37.Ilikegettingupveryearlyinsummer.Themorningairissogoodtobreathe(breathe).38.Iamnotaccustomedtobeingtreated(treat)likethis.39.Thelivingroomiscleanandtidy,withadiningtablealreadylaid(lay)foramealtobecookedformsasmusicandpainting.2.語法單句改錯(cuò)Itisdifficulttounderstandingwhyshebarkseveryminuteshesoutside.(2014年遼understandHewantedteachmeaboutanimals,insectsandtrees.(2014陜西)toteach3.Sheusedtoholdingmeonherkneesandsingoldsongs.(2013新課標(biāo)全國(guó))holdSheneverseemedcarewhattherestofusthoughtabouther.tocareItwasalessontousthatitwaspossiblegivewithoutexpectinganythinginreturn.give6.Averymuchfamouswriteragreedtoreadingmystoryandgivemesomeadvice.read7.Oneeveningatsunset,wesatbythefire,hadourbarbecue.(2014陜西)having8.Felthungry,webuiltafirebythelakeandbarbecuedthefish.(2013陜西)FeelingFollowthisexplanation,therewasarapiddropinthenumberofreportedsightings.(2011遼寧)FollowingThird,weshouldfindwaystoreusethewaterusinginwashing.(2012大