初中英語被動(dòng)語態(tài)精講+精練

初中英語被動(dòng)語態(tài)（精講+精練）二、變被動(dòng)句步驟1、把原主動(dòng)句中的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語2、把動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)形式即be+過去分詞，并注意其人稱和數(shù)隨主語的變化，而動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)則保持不變。3、原主動(dòng)句的主語如需要?jiǎng)t放在by后面以它的賓格形式出現(xiàn)（注代詞的賓格），如不需要?jiǎng)t可省略。4、其它的成分（定語、狀語）不變。主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)例句：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：主：Webelievehim,被：Heisbelievedbyus.一般過去時(shí)：主：Heboughthischildrensomepens.被：Somepenswereboughtforhischildrenbyhim.一般將來時(shí)：主：Everyonewillknowthetruthsoon.被:Thetruthwillbeknownbyeveryone,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：主：Maryismakingadoll,被：AdollisbeingmadebyMary.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：主:Theywerecarryingthehurtplayer.被:Thehurtplayerwasbeingcarriedbythem.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：主：Hehasreceivedtheletter.被:Theletterhasbeenreceivedbyhim.過去完成時(shí)：主：Theyhadbuilttenbridges,被：Tenbridgeshadbeenbuiltbythem.三、一般用法.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成：is/am/are+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞Ourclassroomiscleanedeveryday.很實(shí)用Iamaskedtostudyhardbymymother.Knivesareusedforcuttingthings..一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成：was/were+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞Thenewshopwasbuiltlastyear.Dinosaureggswerelaidlonglongago..現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成：has/have+been+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞Thisbookhasbeentranslatedintomanylanguages.Manyman-madesatelliteshavebeensentupintospacebymanycountries.4.一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成：will+be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞Anewhospitalwillbebuiltinourcity.Manymoretreeswillbeplantednextyear..含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞Youngtreesmustbewateredoften.Yourmistakesshouldbecorrectedrightnow.Thedoormaybelockedinside.Yourhomeworkcanbehandedintomorrow..現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成：am/is/are+being+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞UncleWangismendingmybikenow.—MybikeisbeingrepairedbyTomnow.Theyareplantingtreesoverthere.—Treesarebeingplantedovertherebythem.7.不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：to+be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞Therearetwobookstoberead.—Therearetwentymoretreestobeplanted,四、特殊用法1.不及物動(dòng)詞無被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如：happen,breakdown,comeout……Whatwillhappenin100years.Thedinosaursdisappearedabout65millionyearsago.2.有些動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。如：write,sell,ride..…Thispenwriteswell.Thisnewbooksellswell.3,感官動(dòng)詞或使役動(dòng)詞使用省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式，主動(dòng)語態(tài)中不帶“to”，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，須加上飛?！?。例：makesomebodydosomething—somebody+be+madetodosomethingseesomebodydosomething—somebody+be+seentodosomethingAgirlsawmywalletdropwhenshepassedby.—Mywalletwasseentodropbyagirlwhenshepassedby.Thebossmadethelittleboydoheavywork.—Thelittleboywasmadetodoheavyworkbytheboss.很實(shí)用4.如果是接雙賓語的動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，直接賓語（物）作主語，那么動(dòng)詞后要用介詞，這個(gè)介詞是由與其搭配的動(dòng)詞決定。Hegavemeabook.—Abookwasgiventomebyhim.Heshowedmeaticket.—Aticketwasshowntomebyhim.Myfatherboughtmeanewbike.—Anewbikewasboughtformebymyfather.5.一些動(dòng)詞短語用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞短語應(yīng)看作一個(gè)整體而不能丟掉其中的介詞或副詞。Wecan’tlaughathim.—Hecan’tbelaughedatbyus.Helistenstotheradioeveryday.—Theradioislistenedtobyhimeveryday.Thenurseistakingcareofthesickman.—Thesickmanisbeingtakencareofbythenurse.五、帶雙賓語在用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，有些動(dòng)詞可以帶雙賓語。在這種情況下，主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z時(shí)，直接賓語仍然保留在謂語后面；直接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z時(shí)，間接賓語前通常加上介詞for/to,etc.。即：S+V+IO+DO—IO+bedone+DO—DO+bedone+prep.+IO1.g.1)Myunclegavemeagiftonmybirthday.—Iwasgivenagiftonmybirthday.—Agiftwasgiventomeonmybirthday.1.Weoftenhearhimplayguitar.—Heisoftenheardtoplayguitar.—Itisoftenheardfromhimtoplayguitar.六、新興形式Get+過去分詞也可以構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)，用這種結(jié)構(gòu)的句子側(cè)重于動(dòng)作的結(jié)果而不是動(dòng)作本身。如：Themangothurtonhiswayhome.那個(gè)男人在回家的路上受傷了。Howdidtheglassgetbroken?杯子怎么破了？Get+過去分詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)是一種新興的被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式；相對(duì)來說它的使用還沒有Be+過去分詞構(gòu)成的被動(dòng)語態(tài)那么廣泛，一般限于口語和非正式書面語；但它卻有著用得愈來愈多的趨勢(shì)，是一種生氣蓬勃的語言現(xiàn)象。七、特別提醒有些動(dòng)詞后跟不帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，但改為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)后要加上^0"。Weheardhimsinginhisroomjustnow.——Hewasheardtosinginhisroomjustnow.needdoingsomething也表示被動(dòng)被動(dòng)語態(tài)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)一、將下列句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)。1.Heoftenhelpshisbrother.PeopleallovertheworldknowtheGreatWall.Theyfoundedthathospitalin1996.Hewasdoinghishomeworkatthistimeyesterday.很實(shí)用Heaskedmetoworkonthefarmwithhim.Myfatherismendingmybike.Thewriterhaswrittenmanystoriesforthatmagazine.We’regoingtoholdameetingthisafternoon.Hismotherhadtoldhimnottowastetimeonfishing.Theyshoulddoitatonce.二、單選ThePeople'sRepublicofChinaonOctober1,1949.A.foundB.wasfoundedC.isfoundedD.wasfound()2EnglishinCanada.A.speaksB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isspoken()3ThisEnglishsongbythegirlsafterclass.A.oftensingsB.oftensangC.isoftensangD.isoftensung()4ThiskindofcarinJapan.A,makesB.madeC.ismakingD.ismade()5Newcomputersallovertheworld.A.isusedB.areusingC.areusedD.haveused()6Ourroommustclean.A.keepB.bekeptC.tobekeptD.tokeep()7-I'dliketobuythatcoat.-I'msorry.—.A.itsoldB.it'ssellingC.It'sbeensoldD.ithadbeensold()8Anewhouseatthecorneroftheroad.A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuilding()9Thekey—onthetablewhenIleave.A.wasleftB.willbeleftC.isleftD.hasbeenleft()10Doctors―ineverypartoftheworld.A.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneed()11Hisnewbooknextmonth.A.willbepublishedB.ispublishingC.isbeingpublishedD.hasbeenpublished()12Japaneseineverycountry.A.isnotspokenB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isnotspeaking()13Thesepapersyet.A.havenotwrittenB.havenotbeenwrittenC.hasnotwrittenD.hasnotbeenwritten()14Thesportsmeetbehelduntilnextweek.A.didn'tB.won'tC.isn'tD.doesn't()15-Myshoesarewornout.A.Can'ttheybemended?B.Letmehavealookatit.C.Howmuchdotheycost?D.Can'ttheymended?很實(shí)用()16―thewatchbeenrepairedyet?Ibadlyneedit.A.DoesB.HasC.IsD.Are()17—thesedesksbeneeded?A.WillB.AreC.HasD.Do()18Why―totalkaboutityesterday?A.didn'tameetingholdB.wasn'tameetingheldC.wasn'theldameetingD.ameetingwasn'theld()19Whowasthebook?A.writeB.wroteC.writtenD.writtenby()20WheretheseboxesA.wasB.wereC.isD.am()21Theflowersoften.A.mustbewaterB.mustbewateredC.mustwateredD.mustwater()22Thebooksmayfortwoweeks.A.bekeptB.beborrowedC.keepD.borrow()23ThebrokenbikeherebyMrSmith.A.canmendB.canmendedC.canbemendD.canbemended()24Theoldbridgeinmyhometownnextmonth.A.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willrebuiltC.aregoingtoberebuilt