初中英語(yǔ)句子成分分析

句子成分主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)：是說(shuō)明人或物，是句子的主體，一般放在句首。名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞常在句中作主語(yǔ)。此外，動(dòng)名詞，動(dòng)詞不定式也可以作主語(yǔ)。例子：1）Mr.Chenisawell-knownscientist.(名詞)2）Hereadsnewspaperseveryday.(代詞)3）Twoandsixiseight.(數(shù)詞)4）Smokingisharmfultothehealth.(動(dòng)名詞)5）ToswiminKunmingLakeisagreatpleasure.(不定式)6）Whatweshalldoisnotdecided.(從句)謂語(yǔ)：說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)。動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語(yǔ)，一般放在主語(yǔ)之后1）Thenewtermbeginsonthe1stofSeptember(實(shí)義動(dòng)詞）2）Herfatherisanengineer.(系動(dòng)詞)3）Itsmellsgreat.(?)賓語(yǔ)：指動(dòng)作所涉及的人或事物，一般放在及物動(dòng)詞或介詞之后。介詞后面的名詞或代詞稱為介詞賓語(yǔ)。名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞組或句子常用作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ)。此外動(dòng)詞不定式可用作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)，動(dòng)名詞和賓語(yǔ)從句也可以用作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ)如：Hewrotemanyplays.他寫了許多劇本。Shelovesswimming.她喜歡游泳。Shelooksathermother.她看著她媽媽。YouknowwhatIwant.你知道我要什么。賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：用來(lái)對(duì)賓語(yǔ)后面補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)、特征的成分稱為賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，一般由名詞、形容詞、介詞短語(yǔ)及動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞等充當(dāng)。Hetoldustostay.

他叫我們留下。I’veneverseenherdancing.

我從未看見(jiàn)過(guò)她跳舞。Ifounditdifficulttorefusehim.我感到很難拒絕他。Thenewsmakeherhappy.消息讓她開(kāi)心。表語(yǔ)：表示主語(yǔ)的身份、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征，一般由名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)以及動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞和表語(yǔ)從句或相當(dāng)于名詞、形容詞的詞、短語(yǔ)或句子充當(dāng)，位于連系動(dòng)詞之后，與連系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成句子的謂語(yǔ)Becareful!小心!Helooksveryangry.他看上去很生氣。Hisjobislookingaftersheep.他的任務(wù)是看羊。定語(yǔ)：對(duì)名詞或代詞進(jìn)行修飾、限制或說(shuō)明名詞或代詞的成分是定語(yǔ)。單詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常放在他所修飾的名詞之前，但在修飾復(fù)合不定代詞（如：nothing，anything，everything，something等）時(shí)，則放在這些不定代詞之后。短語(yǔ)和從句作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，也放在被修飾的名詞之后。一般由形容詞、名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞和定語(yǔ)從句及句子等充當(dāng)。It’saninterestingstory.那是一個(gè)有趣的故事。Doyouhavetimetohelpus?你有時(shí)間幫助我們嗎?Whoisthewomancrying?正在哭的女人是誰(shuí)?Sheisagirlwholovesflowers.她是個(gè)愛(ài)花的女孩。ThisisabookIboughtyesterday.這是我昨天買的書。狀語(yǔ)：用于修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、短語(yǔ)或整個(gè)句子等的成分是狀語(yǔ)，修飾形容詞的狀語(yǔ)通常放在它所修飾的形容詞之前，修飾動(dòng)詞的狀語(yǔ)通常放在動(dòng)詞之后。但有些副詞（如：always，often等）作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，則放在行為動(dòng)詞之前。一般由副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)、名詞詞組、動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)、分詞短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句充當(dāng)。如WelikeEnglishverymuch.我們非常喜歡英語(yǔ)。HerunclelivesinCanada.她叔叔住在加拿大。Maryrunsquickly.瑪麗跑得很快。WhenIwin,Iwilljumpupanddown.(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句)Ifyouaresick,youmustgotoseeadoctor.（地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句）詳見(jiàn)課本P112和P113.同位語(yǔ)若兩個(gè)語(yǔ)法單位指同一個(gè)人或事物，并且，句法功能也一樣，那么，后一項(xiàng)稱為前一項(xiàng)的同位語(yǔ)。ThisismyfriendHarry.這是我的朋友哈利。Westudentsshouldstudyhard.我們學(xué)生應(yīng)該努力學(xué)習(xí)。Theboy,calledJack,wasbornin1999.叫杰克的男孩1999年出生。如何確定一個(gè)單詞在句子中的詞類和成分？

在英語(yǔ)中，一個(gè)單詞往往屬于幾種詞類，因而詞義和在句中的作用也就有所不同。在英譯漢時(shí)，如何正確理解某詞的詞類、詞義和作用;在漢譯英時(shí)，如何正確使用某詞表達(dá)某義，除了必要時(shí)查閱詞典外，更重要的是要掌握正確的分析方法。----應(yīng)根據(jù)一個(gè)詞在句中的位置、與其他詞的關(guān)系以及在句中的作用來(lái)確定其詞類、詞義和在句中的成分。(一).

指出下列句中主語(yǔ)的中心詞

(4分，4分鐘)

①

The

teacher

with

two

of

his

students

is

walking

into

the

classroom.

②

There

is

an

old

man

coming

here.

③

The

useful

dictionary

was

given

by

my

mother

last

year.

④

To

do

today's

homework

without

the

teacher's

help

is

very

difficult.

(二).

選出句中謂語(yǔ)的中心詞

(10分，10分鐘)

①

I

don't

like

the

picture

on

the

wall.

A.

don't

B.

like

C.

picture

D.

wall

②

The

days

get

longer

and

longer

when

summer

comes.

A.

get

B.

longer

C.

days

D.

summer

③

Do

you

usually

go

to

school

by

bus?

A.

Do

B.

usually

C.

go

D.

bus

④

There

will

be

a

meeting

at

the

library

this

afternoon.

A.

will

be

B.

meeting

C.

the

library

D.

afternoon

⑤

Did

the

twins

have

porridge

for

their

breakfast?

A.

Did

B.

twins

C.

have

D.

breakfast

⑥

Tom

didn't

do

his

homework

yesterday.

A.

Tom

B.

didn't

C.

do

D.

his

homework

⑦

What

I

want

to

tell

you

is

this.

A.

want

B.

to

tell

C.

you

D.

is

⑧

We

had

better

send

for

a

doctor.

A.

We

B.

had

C.

send

D.

doctor

⑨

He

is

interested

in

music.

A.

is

B.

interested

C.

in

D.

music

⑩

Whom

did

you

give

my

book

to?

A.

give

B.

did

C.

whom

D.

book

三)

挑出下列句中的賓語(yǔ)（10分，10分鐘）

①

My

brother

hasn't

done

his

homework.

A

B

C

D

②

People

all

over

the

world

speak

English.

A

B

C

D

③

You

must

pay

good

attention

to

your

pronunciation.

A

B

C

D

④

How

many

new

words

did

you

learn

last

class?

A

B

C

D

⑤

Some

of

the

students

in

the

school

want

to

go

swimming,

how

about

you?

A

B

C

D

⑥

The

old

man

sitting

at

the

gate

said

he

was

ill.

A

B

C

D

⑦

They

made

him

monitor

of

the

class.

A

B

C

D

⑧

Go

across

the

bridge

and

you

will

find

the

museum

on

the

left.

A

B

C

D

⑨

You

will

find

it

useful

after

you

leave

school.

A

B

C

D

⑩

They

didn't

know

who

"Father

Christmas"

really

is.

A

B

C

D

((四)

挑出下列句中的表語(yǔ)

(5分，5分鐘)

①

The

old

man

was

feeling

very

tired.

A

B

C

D

②

Why

is

he

worried

about

Jim?

A

B

C

D

③

The

leaves

have

turned

yellow.

A

B

C

D

④

Soon

They

all

became

interested

in

the

subject.

A

B

C

D

⑤

She

was

the

first

to

learn

about

it.

A

B

C

D

(五)

挑出下列句中的定語(yǔ)

(6分，6分鐘)

①

They

use

Mr.

Mrs.

with

the

family

name.

②

What

is

your

given

name?

③

On

the

third

lap

are

Class

1

and

Class

3.

④

I

am

afraid

some

people

forgot

to

sweep

the

floor.

⑤

The

man

downstairs

was

trying

to

sleep.

⑥

I

am

waiting

for

the

sound

of

the

other

shoe!

(六)

挑出下列句中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

(6分，6分鐘)

①

She

likes

the

children

to

read

newspapers

and

books

in

the

reading-room.

D

②

He

asked

her

to

take

the

boy

out

of

school.

③

She

found

it

difficult

to

do

the

work.

④

They

call

me

Lily

sometimes.

⑤

I

saw

Mr.

Wang

get

on

the

bus.

⑥

Did

you

see

Li

Ming

playing

football

on

the

playground

just

now?

(七)

挑出下列句中的狀語(yǔ)（8分，

8分鐘）

①

There

was

a

big

smile