中考英語二輪專題復(fù)習(xí) 閱讀理解 科普環(huán)保類四（含答案）

…………○…………外…………○…………裝…………○…………外…………○…………裝…………○…………訂…………○…………線…………○…………※※請※※不※※要※※在※※裝※※訂※※線※※內(nèi)※※答※※題※※…………○…………內(nèi)…………○…………裝…………○…………訂…………○…………線…………○…………1、Earlierthisyear,Chinaachievedanewmilestone(里程碑)inspaceresearch.OnJanuary3,2019,Chang'e-4becamethefirstlunarprobe(月球探測器)inhistorytosuccessfullylandonthefarsideofthemoon.TheEarth'sgravity(重力)slowsthemoon'srotation(自轉(zhuǎn)),matchingittothespeedofitsorbit(公轉(zhuǎn)).Therefore,thefarsideofthemoonisalmost"dark"andhasneverbeenseen.It'sthissenseoftheunknownthatmakesthefarsideofthemoonsuchaninterestingplaceforscientificandspaceresearch.Beingblownbysolar(太陽的)winds,thefarsidemayhavethespecialminerals(礦物質(zhì)).

Forthisreason,Chang'e-4willstudytheeffectofsolarwindsonthelunarsurfaceandanymineralfoundbythespacecraft.Chang'e-4isalsocarryingflowerseeds,potatoesandsilkwormeggstoseewhetherlifeispossibleonthemoon.Ifitis,thenthemoonwillbecomeapossiblechoiceforspacetravelinthefuture.However,researchofthe"dark"sideisn'teasy.Asthefarsideisblocked（阻斷）offfromus,radionoisecomingoffEarthisalsoblocked.ThisiswhyChina'srelaysatellite(中繼衛(wèi)星)QueqiaowassentupinMay,2018.ThankstoQueqiao,thecommunicationproblembetweenEarthandChang'e-4hasbeenwellsolved.Powersupply(電源供應(yīng))isalsoachallengetothetask.Chang'e-4getsenergyfromthesunthroughitssolarpanels.Asweknow,alunardayhasthelength(長度)of28Earthdays.AfterChang'e-4wassentuponDecember8,2018,ittooktheprobeover20daystoorbitthemoontobeinapositiontobeabletolandinmoondaylightanduseitssolarpanels.Luckily,everythinggoeswell,Chang'e-4hasworkedonthe"dark"sideforover5months.Ithassentbackmanyphotosofthefarsideofthemoonandhasbeenusedtocarryoutsomescientificexperiments.TheNewYorkTimesusedtheword"groundbreaking"topraisethetaskandwrotethat"itwillofferhelptothehistoryanddevelopmentofthemoon".26.WhenwasChang'e-4sentup?A.InMay,2018.

B.OnDecember8,2018.C.OnJanuary3,2019.

D.Thepassagedoesn'ttellus.27.ThemaintasksofChang'e-4don'tinclude___________________.A.studyingiflifeispossibleonthemoonB.studyingtheeffectofsolarwindsonthelunarsurfaceC.solvingthecommunicationproblembetweenEarthandotherprobesD.researchinganymineralfoundbythespacecraft28.Themeaningoftheunderlinedword"groundbreaking"inthelastparagraphistheclosestto"________________".A.harmful

B.unpredictable

C.risky

D.pioneering2、Weknowpeoplecanbenice,butwhataboutanimals?Scientistssaythatsomeanimalsarecapable（有能力的）ofbeingnice.Animalsthatliveingroups-likefoxes,chimpanzees（大猩猩）,andelephants-followrules.Theyhavetofollowrulestogetalongandtosurvive（生存）.However,animalscanactnicely,evenwhentheydon'thaveto.Herearesomesurprisingstoriesaboutanimalbehavior.Mostpeopleusuallywalkawaywhensomeoneisunkindtothem.MarcBekoff,aresearcherattheUniversityofColorado,sawafemale（母的）redfoxdojustthat.Thefemalefoxwasunhappybecauseamale（公的）foxplayedroughly（粗魯?shù)兀﹚ithher.Whenshewalkedaway,themalefoxshowedherthathewantedtoplaynicely.Heloweredhisheadandrolledonhisback.Thefemalefoxgavehimanotherchance,andthistime,heplayedmoregently.GezaTelekiisascientistwhostudieschimpanzeesinTanzania.Oneday,Telekihikedfarawayfromhiscampsite.Hedidn'thaveanyfood.Telekiwantedsomefruitfromatree,butthetreewastootall.Ayoungchimpanzeewatchedhimcuriouslyashetriedtogetsomethingtoeat.Thechimpanzeeclimbedthetree,pickedthefruit,andgaveittohim!AnelephantinKenyahurthistrunk（象鼻子）.Heneededhelpbecausehecouldn'tputfoodintohismouth.ResearcherKayhanOstovarwatchedsilently.Hesawthehurtelephantshowhissoretrunktoahealthyelephant.Thehealthyelephantdidn'tneedanymoreinformation.Hetookabushandputitcarefullyintohisnewfriend'smouth.Hippos（河馬）andcrocodilesareusuallygoodfriends.Theyhangouttogetherinrivers.ButKarenPaolillo,awildlifeexpertinZimbabwe,sawsomethingsurprising.Oneday,acrocodiletriedtoeatamonkeythatwasnexttoariver.Ahipporanquicklytothecrocodileandchaseditaway.Whydidthehippoattack（攻擊）thecrocodile?Paolillosayshippossometimesprotectotheranimalsfromcrocodiles.41.Themainideaofthepassageis

.A.animalsthatliveingroupsfollowrulesB.someanimalscanbenicetootheranimalsC.mostanimalsarenicetopeople42.Theunderlinedphrase“dojustthat”means

.A.benice

B.playroughly

C.walkaway43.WecansaythatTeleki

.A.isshort

B.hateshiking

C.couldnotclimbthetree44.Theelephantneededhelpbecause____.A.thetreewastootall

B.itcouldnotuseitstrunk

C.ithadnofood45.Theunderlinedword“it”inthelastparagraphrefersto____.A.thecrocodile

B.thechimpanzee

C.themonkey3、LastnightIhadanunusualdream.IdreamedthatIwasflying.WhenImovedmyarmsupanddown,Imovedhigherintothesky.Ifeltasfreeasabird.—Martha,aged35Ihadabaddreamthatkeptcomingback.Iwalkedoutofmybedroom,andamonstercameoutandchasedme.—Jason,aged14Justlikeamovie,adreamhasastorytotellandithassomethingtodowithyourlife.Dreamsarelikescenesinamovie.So,takeacloserlookatyourdreams,yourdreamsmaybetellingyousomething.Dreamscanopendoorsintoyourworld.Flyingisapositivesymbolinadream.Flyingindreamsmaymeansuccess,confidence,and“beingontopofitall.”Monstersindreamsoftenshowfears.ForJason,themonstersmaystandfortheadultswhocontrolhislife.OritmaymeanJason’sfearsaboutgrowingupandheisveryupset.Herearesomeothercommonsymbolsindreams:Mountains:Mountainsaredifficulties,sotodreamofsuccessfullyclimbingamountaincanshowatruefeelingofachievement.Bigwaves:Waterispeacefulinlife.Butabigwave(波浪)indreamsprobablymeansanemotional(情感的)worry.Food:Foodisasymbolofknowledge,becauseitnourishesthebodyjustasinformationnourishesthebrain.However,itcouldjustbefood.AccordingtoScientificAmerican,anAmericansciencemagazine,dreamingisawaytocreateamemoryofyourcurrent(當(dāng)前的)emotion.Youmaydreamthesamethingsagainandagain.Theyarelikeabridgewhichconnectsyourexperiencewithyouremotionandmemories.Theywillhelpyougetabetterunderstandingofyourself.41.WhatmightMartha’sdreamtellher?A.Shemaybeafraidofflying.

B.Shemaylikeflyingalot.C.Shemaybeverysuccessful.

D.Shemaybeveryupset.42.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”referto?A.Movie.

B.Dream

C.Story.

D.Life.43.Ifyoudreamofclimbingmountainssuccessfully,howmayyoufeel?A.Afraid.

B.Peaceful.

C.Worried.

D.Satisfied44.WhatmighthappentoJasonbeforehesleptaccordingtohisdream?A.Hewentswimminginthepoolwithfriends.B.Hewasforcedtotakeafter-schoolclasses.C.Hefeltveryconfidentabouthisschoolwork.D.HereadabookaboutmakingRussiansoup.45.Whatcanyoulearnfromthepassage?A.Jasonchasedthemonsterinhisdream.B.Foodinadreammeansthefearoflife.C.Youwon’tdreamaboutthesamethingsagain.D.Youmayknowmoreaboutyourselffromdreams.4、Ifyouwatchtheskyforaboutanhourafterthesungoesdown,youmayseesome“movingstars”.Butthey’renotrealstars.They’reman-madesatellites(人造衛(wèi)星).AndthebiggestofallistheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS).FromMaytoJulyisthebestseasontowatchtheISSflyingovertheearth.Andpeoplecanseeitwiththeireyes.

TheISSisthebiggestsatelliteandscientistswanttoliveonit.Theythinkthatthebestwaytolearnmoreaboutspaceistolivethere.

Whenthespacestationisfinished,itwillbelikeacityinspace.Peoplewillstayandstudytherewithmanyofthethingstheyhaveathome.Laboratories,livingroomsandpowerstationsarebeingbuilt.TheISSisthemostexpensivespaceprogram.Billionsofdollarsarebeingspentoniteveryyear.

ScientistshopethattheISSwillbeasteppingstoneforfuturespaceexploration(探測).“TheISSwillhelpusunderstandthehumanbodybetter,explorespaceandstudytheearth.Itcanhelpusmakelifeontheearthbetter,”saidKathrynClark,anISSscientist.

Sixteencountriesarepartoftheprogram:theUS,Russia,Canada,Japan,Braziland11Europeancountries.Chinaisn’tanISScountry,butithashelpedwithsomeoftheexperiments.In2003,ChinasentsomericeuptotheISStofindoutwhatspacewoulddotoit.(

)1.TheInternationalSpaceStation_____________.

A.isreallyabigcityinspace

B.isthebiggestman-madesatellite

C.canonlyhelpusexplorespace

D.ismainlybuiltbytheUSAandRussia(

)3.Fromthepassageweknowthat_____________.

A.buildingtheISSisonlyforscientiststolivethere

B.scientistscandoanythingtheylikethere

C.peoplecanseetheSpaceStationatanytime

D.sixteencountriesaremembersofthespaceprogram(

)3.Thephrase“asteppingstone”probablymeans“_____________”.

A.滑梯

B.巔峰

C.墊腳石

D.走廊(

)4.ChinasentsomericeuptotheISSisprobablyto_____________.

A.beusedasastronauts’food

B.sellittoaliens

C.dosomescienceexperiments

D.makeitgrowbetterinspace(

)5.Whichofthefollowingisn’tmentioned?

A.ChinawilljointheISSinthefuture.

B.ThescientistsarebuildinglivingroomsforthemintheISS.

C.TheISSwillbemoreusefulinthefuture.

D.TheISScoststhemembersof16countriesplentyofmoneyeveryyear.二、閱讀填空（共1題）1、Therearealotofinterestingthingslivinginthesea.Therearemanytypesoffishandmanyotheranimals.Therearealsomanytypesofplants.Thereareevensomeanimalswhichhavealotincommonwithyou.Theyaremammalslivinginthesea.Howmuchdoyouknowaboutcreaturesthatliveinthesea?Doyouwanttoknowmoreaboutthefoodchain（鏈）inthesea?Inthesea,allseacreaturesgetfoodfromotherseacreatures.Atthefirstlinkofthefoodchainaretheseaplantsandplankton(浮游生物).Plantsarefoundonlyinthesunlightzonewherethereisenoughlightforthem,however,animalsarefoundatalldepthsoftheoceansthoughtheirnumbersaregreaternearthesurfacewherefoodisenough.Manykindsoffishandanimals,suchasthesnail,shrimp,jellyfish,andseastareattheplankton.Thesmallanimalsandfishthateatplanktonthenbecomefoodforlargerfish,suchasthetunaandmackerel.Thesefisharetheneatenbylargerfishandanimals,suchasthesharkanddolphin.Thesharkanddolphinareatthetopofthefoodchaininthesea.Sharksareverydangeroussomanypeopleareeatenbytheminthesea.Butwhythenumberofthesharkisbecomingsmallerandsmaller?Andwhoeatstheshark?Checkoutthemenuataseafoodrestaurantnexttimeyouareeatingthere.Don'tbesurprisedifyoufindsharkonthemenu.36．Theunderlinedword“creatures”means______.A．維持

B．生物

C．奇特

D．藻類37．WhichisNOTtrue?A．Animalsarefoundatalldepthsoftheoceans

B．PlantsarefoundonlyinthesunlightzoneC．Thelargeanimalsbecomefoodforsmallones.D．Thesharkanddolphinareatthetopofthefoodchaininthesea38．Planktonisfoodfor______.A．thesnail

B．shrimp

C．seastarandjellyfish

D．Alltheabove39．______areatthetopofthefood.A．Theseaplants

B．Thesmallfish

C．People

D．Thesharkanddolphin40．What’sthepassagemainlytalkabout?A．Theseaplants

B．FoodChainintheSeaC．Dangeroussharks

D．ColorfulSeaAnimals============參考答案============一、閱讀理解1、【短文大意】本篇文章難度適中，主要講述嫦娥四號是第一個登上月球背面的探測器。并講述了嫦娥四號的任務(wù)以及遇到的困難是如何解決的。26.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Chang'e-4wassentuponDecember8,2018可知，嫦娥四號是2018年12月8日發(fā)射的，故選B。27.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Chang'e-4isalsocarryingflowerseeds,potatoesandsilkwormeggstoseewhetherlifeispossibleonthemoon可知，嫦娥四號也攜帶著花的種子、土豆、蠶卵看觀察在月球上是否有生命的可能，排除A；根據(jù)Forthisreason,Chang'e-4willstudytheeffectofsolarwindsonthelunarsurfaceandanymineralfoundbythespacecraft可知，因此，嫦娥四號將研究太陽風(fēng)對月球表面的影響和通過航天器發(fā)現(xiàn)礦物質(zhì)，排除B和D；根據(jù)ThankstoQueqiao,thecommunicationproblembetweenEarthandChang'e-4hasbeenwellsolved可知，多虧了鵲橋，地球和嫦娥四號的交流問題解決了，所以鵲橋解決的是交流問題，故選C。28.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)TheNewYorkTimesusedtheword"groundbreaking"topraisethetaskandwrotethat"itwillofferhelptothehistoryanddevelopmentofthemoon"以及OnJanuary3,2019,Chang'e-4becamethefirstlunarprobe(月球探測器)inhistorytosuccessfullylandonthefarsideofthemoon可知，嫦娥四號是第一個登錄月球背面的探測器，所以《紐約時報》用“開創(chuàng)性”一詞來贊揚(yáng)這項(xiàng)任務(wù)，并寫道“它將為月球的歷史和發(fā)展提供幫助。故選D。2、【文章大意】本篇文章難度適中，主要通過幾個令人吃驚的故事表明有時候一些動物也會表現(xiàn)得很好。例如赤狐、猩猩、大象以及河馬。41.B主旨大意題。根據(jù)However,animalscanactnicely,evenwhentheydon'thaveto.Herearesomesurprisingstoriesaboutanimalbehavior以及全文可知，動物有時候會表現(xiàn)的很好，甚至有時候他們沒有必要這么做，后文講述了幾個故事，說明有些動物對其他動物表現(xiàn)得很好，故選B。42.C詞義猜測題。根據(jù)Mostpeopleusuallywalkawaywhensomeoneisunkindtothem.MarcBekoff,aresearcherattheUniversityofColorado,sawafemale（母的）redfoxdojustthat可知，當(dāng)某人對一些人不友好時，他們會生氣地走開，母的赤狐也像那樣做，指的就是赤狐也會走開，故選C。43.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)Hedidn'thaveanyfood.Telekiwantedsomefruitfromatree,butthetreewastootall.Ayoungchimpanzeewatchedhimcuriouslyashetriedtogetsomethingtoeat.Thechimpanzeeclimbedthetree,pickedthefruit,andgaveittohim可知，泰萊基想要樹上的水果，但是樹太高了，一個小猩猩好奇地看著他，最后這個猩猩爬上樹摘了水果送給了他，所以可以推斷出泰萊基不會爬樹，故選C。44.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)AnelephantinKenyahurthistrunk（象鼻子）.Heneededhelpbecausehecouldn'tputfoodintohismouth可知，在肯尼亞，一只大象傷了它鼻子，因?yàn)樗荒軐⑹澄锼偷阶炖?，所以它需要幫助，。所以因?yàn)楸亲佑袀荒苁褂帽亲?，故選B。45.A代詞指代題。代詞代指上文中出現(xiàn)的內(nèi)容。根據(jù)Oneday,acrocodiletriedtoeatamonkeythatwasnexttoariver.Ahipporanquicklytothecrocodileandchaseditaway可知，鱷魚想吃猴子，一個河馬迅速跑向鱷魚，將鱷魚趕走，所以it代指的是鱷魚。故選A。3、【文章大意】本文是科普類閱讀，解釋了夢的成因和不同夢境的含義。41.C題意：瑪莎的夢會告訴她什么?考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)Flyingisapositivesymbolinadream.Flyingindreamsmaymeansuccess,confidence,可知在夢想中飛翔可能意味著成功、自信和“掌控一切”，故選C。42.B題意：下劃線的“it”指的是什么?考查詞義理解。根據(jù)adreamhasastorytotell和hassomethingtodowithyourlife可知夢與生活有關(guān)，故選B。43.D題意：如果你夢想成功地登山，你會有什么感覺?考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。A.Afraid.害怕的；B.Peaceful.和平的；C.Worried.擔(dān)心的；D.Satisfied滿意的。根據(jù)Mountainsaredifficulties,sotodreamofsuccessfullyclimbingamountaincanshowatruefeelingofachievement.（夢想著成功的爬山會表現(xiàn)出一種真正的成就感），可知Satisfied符合語境，故選D。44.B題意：根據(jù)他的夢，杰森睡覺前可能會發(fā)生什么事?考查細(xì)節(jié)推斷。A.Hewentswimminginthepoolwithfriends.他和朋友去游泳池游泳。B.Hewasforcedtotakeafter-schoolclasses.他被迫參加課后補(bǔ)習(xí)班。C.Hefeltveryconfidentabouthisschoolwork.他對自己的學(xué)業(yè)很有信心。D.HereadabookaboutmakingRussiansoup.他讀了一本關(guān)于做俄羅斯湯的書。根據(jù)ForJason,themonstersmaystandfortheadultswhocontrolhislife.可知有人在控制杰森的生活，ACD不合語境，故選B。45.D題意：你能從這篇文章中了解到什么?考查細(xì)節(jié)判斷。A.Jasonchasedthemonsterinhisdream.杰森在夢中追逐怪物。B.Foodinadreammeansthefearoflife.夢中的食物意味著對生活的恐懼。C.Youwon’t