考研考博-英語-四川科技職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-四川科技職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.翻譯題

Incontrasttothescienceofclassicalantiquity,modernscienceisbasicallyunfinishedwhereasancientsciencehadtheappearanceofsomethingcompletedtowhichthenotionofprogresswasnotessential.Modernscienceprogressesintotheinfinite.Modernsciencehasrealizedthatafinishedandtotalworld-viewisscientificallyimpossible.Onlywhenscientificcriticismiscrippledbymakingparticularsabsolutecanaclosedviewoftheworldpretendtoscientificvalidity—andthenitisafalsevalidity.Thosegreatnewunifiedsystemsofknowledge—suchasmodernphysics—havegrownupinthescientifictimesonlywithsingleaspectsofreality.Andreality,asawhole,hasbeenfragmentedasneverbefore;whencetheopennessofthemodernworldiscontrasttotheclosedGreekcosmos.

【答案】和古典時代的科學(xué)相比，現(xiàn)代科學(xué)基本上是未完成狀態(tài)，然而古老科學(xué)有完成某樣?xùn)|西的表象，而且進(jìn)步的概念對此非常重要?，F(xiàn)代科學(xué)進(jìn)入無限境地。現(xiàn)代科學(xué)已經(jīng)知道，完美無缺的世界觀在科學(xué)上是不可能的。只有當(dāng)科學(xué)批評因?yàn)榧?xì)節(jié)變成絕對而被削弱的時候，僵化自守的世界觀才會妄稱科學(xué)有效性一一然后，這個有效性也是虛假的。那些科學(xué)時代中偉大且新統(tǒng)一的知識體系一一比如現(xiàn)代物理——只在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活的某方面已經(jīng)逐漸發(fā)展。整體來看，現(xiàn)實(shí)已經(jīng)前所未有的支離破碎。于此，現(xiàn)代世界的開放性與封閉自守的希臘世界形成鮮明對比。

2.單選題

Itiswellknownthatknowledgeisthe______conditionforexpansionofmind.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.incompatible

B.incredible

C.indefinite

D.indispensable

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.incompatible不兼容的，互斥的B.incredible不能相信的，難以置信的

C.indefinite期限不定的，不明確的D.indispensable不可或缺的

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】由expansionofmind（開闊思路）可知，knowledgeisthe______condition應(yīng)該表示“知識是必不可少的條件”，因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)都不符合句意。

【句意】眾所周知，知識是開闊思路不可或缺的條件。

3.翻譯題

中國具有數(shù)倍于法國（France）那么大的面積（area）。

【答案】TheareaofChinaisseveraltimesthesizeofthatofFrance.

4.單選題

12.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Playtennis.

B.Takeoutthetrash.

C.Playcomputergames.

D.Gotocourtforalawsuit.

【答案】A

【解析】W:Howaboutthegameoftennis?

M:Ok,loser’lltakeoutthetrashforamonth.

W:It’sadeal.

M:Seeyouinthecourt.

Q:Whatarethespeakersgoingtodonext?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。女士提議說待會去打網(wǎng)球，最后男士說：Seeyouinthecourt(球場上見)。

5.單選題

Publicdistrustofscientistsstemsinpartfromtheblurringofboundariesbetweenscienceandtechnology,betweendiscoveryandmanufacture.Mostgovernments,perhapsallgovernments,justifypublicexpenditureonscientificresearchintermsoftheeconomicbenefitsthescientificenterprisehasbroughtinthepastandwillbringinthefuture.Politiciansremindtheirvotersofthesplendidmachines“ourscientists”haveinvented,thenewdrugstorelieveoldailments,andthenewsurgicalequipmentandtechniquesbywhichpreviouslyintractable(難治療的)conditionsmaynowbetreatedandlivessaved.Atthesametime,thepoliticiansdemandthescientiststhattheytailortheirresearchto“economicsneeds”thattheyawardahigherprioritytoresearchproposalsthatare“nearthemarket”andcanbetranslatedintothegreatestreturnoninvestmentintheshortesttime.Dependent,astheyare,onpoliticiansformuchoftheirfunding,scientistshavelittlechoicebuttocomply.Liketherestofus,theyaremembersofasocietythatratesthecreationofwealthasthegreatestpossiblegood.Manyhavereservations,butkeepthemtothemselvesinwhattheyperceiveasaclimatehostiletothepursuitofunderstandingforitsownsakeandtheideaofaninquiring,creativespirit.

Insuchcircumstancesnooneshouldbetoohardonpeoplewhoaresuspiciousofconflictsofinterest.Whenwelearnthatthedistinguishedprofessorassuringusofthesafetyofaparticularproductholdsaconsultancywiththecompanymakingit,wecannotbeblamedforwonderingwhetherhisfeemightconceivablycloudhisprofessionaljudgment.Eveniftheprofessorholdsnoconsultancywithanyfirm,somepeoplemaystilldistrusthimbecauseofhisassociationwiththosewhodo,oratleastwonderaboutthesourceofhisresearchfunding.

Thisattitudecanhavedamagingeffects.Itquestionstheintegrityofindividualsworkinginaprofessionthatprizesintellectualhonestyasthesupremevirtue,andplaysintothehandsofthosewhowouldliketodiscreditscientistsbyrepresentingthemasvenal(可以收買的).Thismakesiteasiertodismissallscientificpronouncements,butespeciallythosemadebythescientistswhopresentthemselvesas“experts”.Thescientistmostlikelytounderstandthesafetyofanuclearreactor,forexample,isanuclearengineer.Ifhedeclaresthatareactorisunsafe,webelievehim,becauseclearlyitisnottohisadvantagetolieaboutit.Ifhetellsusitissafe,ontheotherhand,wedistrusthim,becausehemaywellbeprotectingtheemployerwhopayshissalary.

1.Whatisthechiefconcernofmostgovernmentswhenitcomestoscientificresearch?

2.Scientistshavetoadapttheirresearchto“economicneeds”inorderto（）.

3.Whywon’tscientistscomplainaboutthegovernment’spolicyconcerningscientificresearch?

4.Accordingtotheauthor,peoplearesuspiciousoftheprofessionaljudgmentofscientistsbecause（）.

5.Whydoestheauthorsaythatpublicdistrustofscientistscanhavedamagingeffects?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Supportfromthevotes.t

B.Thereductionofpublicexpenditure.t

C.Quickeconomicsreturns.t

D.Thebudgetforaresearchproject.t

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.impressthepublicwiththeirachievementst

B.pursueknowledgeforknowledge’ssaket

C.obtainfundingfromthegovernmentt

D.translateknowledgeintowealtht

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theythinktheyworkinanenvironmenthostiletothefreepursuitofknowledge.t

B.Theyareaccustomedtokeepingtheiropinionstothemselves.t

C.Theyknowittakespatiencetowinsupportfromthepublic.t

D.Theythinkcompliancewithgovernmentpolicyisintheinterestsofthepublic.t

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theirpronouncementsoftenturnouttobewrongt

B.sometimestheyhidethesourceoftheirresearchfundingt

C.someofthemdonotgiveprioritytointellectualhonestyt

D.theycouldbeinfluencedbytheirassociationwiththeprojectconcernedt

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Itmakesthingsdifficultforscientistsseekingresearchfunds.t

B.Peoplewouldnotbelievescientistsevenwhentheytellthetruth.t

C.Itmaydampentheenthusiasmofscientistsforindependentresearch.t

D.Scientiststhemselvesmaydoubtthevalueoftheirresearchfindings.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。題干意思是“當(dāng)涉及到科學(xué)研究時，大多數(shù)政府最關(guān)心的是什么？”。文章第一段提到Mostgovernments,perhapsallgovernments,justifypublicexpenditureonscientificresearchintermsoftheeconomicbenefitsthescientificenterprisehasbroughtinthepastandwillbringinthefuture.（大多數(shù)政府，也許是所有政府，都根據(jù)科研單位過去和將來帶來的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益來證明在科學(xué)研究上的公共支出是合理的），由此可知，當(dāng)涉及到科學(xué)研究時，大多數(shù)政府最關(guān)心的還是科學(xué)研究上的公共支出，即科研經(jīng)費(fèi)；故B項(xiàng)“減少公共開支”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“選票的支持”，文章第一段提到了Politiciansremindtheirvotersofthesplendidmachines“ourscientists”haveinvented,thenewdrugstorelieveoldailments,andthenewsurgicalequipmentandtechniquesbywhichpreviouslyintractable(難治療的)conditionsmaynowbetreatedandlivessaved.（政客們提醒他們的選民，“我們的科學(xué)家”已經(jīng)發(fā)明了輝煌的機(jī)器，緩解舊病的新藥，以及新的手術(shù)設(shè)備和技術(shù)，這些技術(shù)可以治療以前難以治愈的疾病，挽救生命），可知，雖然政客們在選民中強(qiáng)調(diào)科研帶來的好處，但無法從文章推斷選民的支持是政府最關(guān)心的；C項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)回報(bào)快”，這只是政府用于證明科研經(jīng)費(fèi)的公共支出的合理性；D項(xiàng)“研究項(xiàng)目的預(yù)算”文章沒有提及。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“科學(xué)家必須使他們的研究適應(yīng)經(jīng)濟(jì)需求以便……”。第一段第四句thepoliticiansdemandthescientiststhattheytailortheirresearchto“economicsneeds”thattheyawardahigherprioritytoresearchproposalsthatare“nearthemarket”andcanbetranslatedintothegreatestreturnoninvestmentintheshortesttime.Dependent,astheyare,onpoliticiansformuchoftheirfunding,scientistshavelittlechoicebuttocomply.（政客們要求科學(xué)家們根據(jù)“經(jīng)濟(jì)需求”調(diào)整研究，對“接近市場”并能在最短時間內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)化為最大投資回報(bào)的研究方案給予更高的優(yōu)先級；科學(xué)家的大部分資金都依賴于政客，他們別無選擇，只能服從），由此可推，在政客們的要求下，科學(xué)家們必須根據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)需求轉(zhuǎn)化為最大投資回報(bào)的研究方案，目的是為了從政客那里獲取資金，故C項(xiàng)“從政府獲得資金”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“用他們的成就給公眾留下深刻印象”文章未提及；B項(xiàng)“為了知識而追求知識”和D項(xiàng)“將知識轉(zhuǎn)化為財(cái)富”與原文不符。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“為什么科學(xué)家們不抱怨政府關(guān)于科學(xué)研究的政策？”。第一段最后一句提到Manyhavereservations,butkeepthemtothemselvesinwhattheyperceiveasaclimatehostiletothepursuitofunderstandingforitsownsakeandtheideaofaninquiring,creativespirit.（許多人有不同的意見，但他們認(rèn)為，在一種不利于追求理解本身和探究創(chuàng)新精神的氛圍中，他們把這些意見保留了下來），由此可知，科學(xué)家們選擇保留意見的原因是考慮到了所處環(huán)境的現(xiàn)實(shí)情況，故A項(xiàng)“他們認(rèn)為自己的工作環(huán)境不利于自由追求知識”符合題意。B項(xiàng)“他們習(xí)慣于保留自己的意見”，表述不準(zhǔn)確；C項(xiàng)“他們知道贏得公眾的支持需要耐心”和D項(xiàng)“他們認(rèn)為遵守政府政策符合公眾的利益”文章未提及。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:推理判斷題。題干意思是“作者認(rèn)為，人們之所以懷疑科學(xué)家的專業(yè)判斷是因?yàn)椤?。根?jù)第三段最后的例子Thescientistmostlikelytounderstandthesafetyofanuclearreactor,forexample,isanuclearengineer.Ifhedeclaresthatareactorisunsafe,webelievehim,becauseclearlyitisnottohisadvantagetolieaboutit.Ifhetellsusitissafe,ontheotherhand,wedistrusthim,becausehemaywellbeprotectingtheemployerwhopayshissalary.（最有可能理解核反應(yīng)堆安全性的科學(xué)家是核工程師：如果他宣稱一個反應(yīng)堆不安全，我們就相信他，因?yàn)槿鲋e顯然對他不利；如果他告訴我們它是安全的，另一方面，我們不信任他，因?yàn)樗芸赡苁窃诒Ｗo(hù)付給他工資的雇主），由此可以推理，公眾懷疑科學(xué)家的專業(yè)判斷是認(rèn)為他們和某些咨詢公司或者項(xiàng)目有利益關(guān)系，故D項(xiàng)“他們可能會受到與有關(guān)項(xiàng)目的聯(lián)系的影響”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“他們的聲明往往被證明是錯誤的”，表述太絕對；B項(xiàng)“有時他們隱藏研究資金的來源”，第二段提到Eveniftheprofessorholdsnoconsultancywithanyfirm,somepeoplemaystilldistrusthimbecauseofhisassociationwiththosewhodo,oratleastwonderaboutthesourceofhisresearchfunding.（即使教授沒有在任何公司擔(dān)任顧問，一些人仍然可能因?yàn)樗c那些咨詢公司的關(guān)系而不信任他，或者至少懷疑他的研究資金的來源），可知B項(xiàng)表述不正確；C項(xiàng)“他們中的一些人沒有優(yōu)先考慮知識的誠實(shí)”，第三段指出Itquestionstheintegrityofindividualsworkinginaprofessionthatprizesintellectualhonestyasthesupremevirtue,andplaysintothehandsofthosewhowouldliketodiscreditscientistsbyrepresentingthemasvenal.（這種態(tài)度質(zhì)疑了個人在一個將學(xué)術(shù)誠實(shí)視為最高美德的職業(yè)中工作的正直性，并落入了那些想要用腐敗來詆毀科學(xué)家的人的手中），由此可知C項(xiàng)表述也不正確。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:推理判斷題。題干意思是“為什么作者說公眾對科學(xué)家的不信任會有破壞性的影響？”。題干所述問題在文章的第三段有體現(xiàn)，Itquestionstheintegrityofindividualsworkinginaprofessionthatprizesintellectualhonestyasthesupremevirtue,andplaysintothehandsofthosewhowouldliketodiscreditscientistsbyrepresentingthemasvenal.（這種態(tài)度質(zhì)疑了個人在一個將學(xué)術(shù)誠實(shí)視為最高美德的職業(yè)中工作的正直性，并落入了那些想要用腐敗來詆毀科學(xué)家的人的手中），并通過核工程師的舉例，來表達(dá)公眾對科學(xué)家的不信任的影響，那就是即使科學(xué)家說的是真話，公眾也不會相信，故B項(xiàng)“人們不會相信科學(xué)家，即使他們說真話”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“這給尋求研究資金的科學(xué)家?guī)砹死щy”、C項(xiàng)“它可能會抑制科學(xué)家獨(dú)立研究的熱情”和D項(xiàng)“科學(xué)家自己可能懷疑他們的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)的價(jià)值”在第三段都未描述到。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Nowomancanbetoorichortoothin.ThissayingoftenattributedtothelateDuchessofWindsorembodiesmuchoftheoddspiritofourtimes.Beingthinisdeemedassuchavirtue.

Theproblemwithsuchaviewisthatsomepeopleactuallyattempttolivebyit.Imyselfhavefantasiesofslippingintonarrowdesignerclothes.Consequently,Ihavebeenonadietforthebetter—orworse—partofmylife.Beingrichwouldn’tbebadeither,butthatwon’thappenunlessanunknownrelativediessuddenlyinsomedistantland,leavingmemillionsofdollars.

Wheredidwegooffthetrack?Whendideatingbutterbecomeasin,andalittlebitofextrafleshunappealing,ifnotrepellent?AllreligionshavecertaindayswhenpeoplerefrainfromeatingandexcessiveeatingisoneofChristianity'ssevendeadlysins.However,untilquiterecently,mostpeoplehadaproblemgettingenoughtoeat.Insomereligiousgroups,wealthwasasymbolofprobablesalvationandhighmorals,andfatnessasignofwealthandwell-being.

Todaytheoppositeistrue.Wehaveshiftedtothinnessasournewmarkofvirtue.Theresultisthatbeingfat—orevenonlysomewhatoverweight—isbadbecauseitimpliesalackofmoralstrength.

Ourobsessionwiththinnessisalsofueledbyhealthconcerns.Itistruethatinthiscountrywehavemoreoverweightpeoplethaneverbefore,andthat,inmanycases,beingover-weightcorrelateswithanincreasedriskofheartandbloodvesseldisease.Thesediseases,however,manyhaveasmuchtodowithourwayoflifeandourhigh-fatdietsaswithexcessweight.Andtheassociatedriskofcancerinthedigestivesystemmaybemoreofadietaryproblem—toomuchfatandalackoffiber—thanaweightproblem.

Therealconcern,then,isnotthatweweightoomuch,butthatweneitherexerciseenoughnoreatwell.Exerciseisnecessaryforstrongbonesandbothheartandlunghealth.Abalanceddietwithoutalotoffatcanalsohelpthebodyavoidmanydiseases.Weshouldsurelystoppayingsomuchattentiontoweight.Simplybeingthinisnotenough.Itisactuallyhazardousifthosewhoget(oralreadyare)thinthinktheyareautomaticallyhealthyandthusfreefrompayingattentiontotheiroveralllife-style.Thinnesscanbepurevainglory.

1.Intheeyesoftheauthor,anoddphenomenonnowadaysisthat（

）.

2.Sweptbytheprevailingtrend,theauthor

（

）.

3.Inhumanhistory,people’sviewsonbodyweight

（

）.

4.Theauthorcriticizeswomen’sobsessionwiththinness

（

）.

5.What’stheauthor’sadvicetowomenwhoareabsorbedintheideaofthinness?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theDuchessofWindsorisregardedasawomanofvirtue

B.lookingslimisasymbolofhavingalargefortune

C.beingthinisviewedasamuchdesiredquality

D.religiouspeoplearenotnecessarilyvirtuous

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.hadtogoonadietforthegreaterpartofherlife

B.couldstillpreventherselffromgoingoffthetrack

C.hadtoseekhelpfromrichdistantrelatives

D.hadtowearhighlyfashionableclothes

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.werecloselyrelatedtotheirreligiousbeliefs

B.changedfromtimetotime

C.variedbetweenthepoorandtherich

D.ledtodifferentmoralstandards

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.fromaneconomicandeducationalperspective

B.fromsociologicalandmedicalpointsofview

C.fromahistoricalandreligiousstandpoint

D.inthelightofmoralprinciples

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Theyshouldbemoreconcernedwiththeiroveralllifestyle.

B.Theyshouldbemorewatchfulforfataldiseases.

C.Theyshouldgainweighttolookhealthy.

D.Theyshouldridthemselvesoffantasiesaboutdesignerclothes.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的ThissayingoftenattributedtothelateDuchessofWindsorembodiesmuchoftheoddspiritofourtimes.Beingthinisdeemedassuchavirtue.（這句常被認(rèn)為是溫莎公爵夫人的名言，體現(xiàn)了我們這個時代許多古怪的精神，瘦被認(rèn)為是一種美德）可知C選項(xiàng)“瘦被認(rèn)為是一種非常理想的品質(zhì)”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中的Imyselfhavefantasiesofslippingintonarrowdesignerclothes.Consequently,Ihavebeenonadietforthebetter—orworse—partofmylife.（我自己也幻想著穿上狹窄的名牌衣服。因此，為了我的生活中更好的或更差的一方面，我也節(jié)食）可知A選項(xiàng)“為了生活中更好的部分不得不節(jié)食”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的可知在溫莎伯爵夫人的那個時代是以瘦為美；由第三段中的最后一句可知，在某些宗教團(tuán)體中，以胖為財(cái)富；由第四段中的第一二句可知，如今人們又以瘦為美。因此人們在不同的年代，對體重的看法不同，因此選B。

4.推理判斷題。由文章第五段中的Ourobsessionwiththinnessisalsofueledbyhealthconcerns.（我們對瘦的癡迷也源于對健康的擔(dān)憂）中的also可知這是從醫(yī)學(xué)角度上來講的，另一角度是前面第四段提到的當(dāng)今社會以瘦為美，這是從社會角度來講的，因此B選項(xiàng)“從社會學(xué)和醫(yī)學(xué)的角度”符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章最后一段中的Itisactuallyhazardousifthosewhoget(oralreadyare)thinthinktheyareautomaticallyhealthyandthusfreefrompayingattentiontotheiroveralllife-style.（實(shí)際上，如果那些變瘦（或已經(jīng)變瘦）的人認(rèn)為自己天生健康，因而不必關(guān)注自己的整體生活方式，這是很危險(xiǎn)的）可知A選項(xiàng)“他們應(yīng)該更加關(guān)注他們的整體生活方式”符合題意。

7.單選題

Hisremarkswereso______thatwecouldnotdecidewhichofthepossiblemeaningswascorrect.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.persuasive

B.ambiguous

C.suspicious

D.consistent

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)persuasive“有說服力的，勸誘的”，B項(xiàng)ambiguous“模糊不清的，模棱兩可的”，C項(xiàng)suspicious“可疑的，懷疑的”，D項(xiàng)consistent“始終如一的，一致的”。由wecouldnotdecidewhichofthepossiblemeaningswascorrect（我們無法確定哪個可能的意思是正確的）可知，B項(xiàng)符合。句意：他的話含糊不清，我們無法斷定哪一個意思是正確的。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

8.單選題

Theimportanceandfocusoftheinterviewintheworkoftheprintandbroadcastjournalistisreflectedinseveralbooksthathavebeenwrittenonthetopic.Mostofthesebooks,aswellasseveralchapters,mainlyin,butnotlimitedto,journalismandbroadcastinghandbooksandreportingtexts,stressthe"howto"aspectsofjournalisticinterviewingratherthantheconceptualaspectsoftheinterview,itscontext,andimplications.Muchofthe"howto"materialisbasedonpersonalexperiencesandgeneralimpressions.Asweknow,injournalism,asinotherfields,muchcanbelearnedfromthesystematicstudyofprofessionalpractice.Suchstudybringstogetherevidencefromwhichbroadgeneralizedprinciplescanbedeveloped.

Thereis,ashasbeensuggested,agrowingbodyofresearchliteratureinjournalismandbroadcasting,butverylittlesignificantattentionhasbeendevotedtothestudyoftheinterviewitself.Ontheotherhand,manygeneraltextsaswellasnumerousresearcharticlesoninterviewinginfieldsotherthanjournalismhavebeenwritten.Manyofthesebooksandarticlespresentthetheoreticalandempiricalaspectsoftheinterviewaswellasthetrainingoftheinterviewers.Unhappily,thisplentifulgeneralliteratureaboutinterviewingpayslittleattentiontothejournalisticinterview.Thefactthatthegeneralliteratureoninterviewingdoesnotdealwiththejournalisticinterviewseemstobesurprisingfortworeasons.First,itseemslikelythatmostpeopleinmodernWesternsocietiesaremorefamiliar,atleastinapositivemanner,withjournalisticinterviewingthanwithanyotherformofinterviewing.Mostofusareprobablysomewhatfamiliarwiththeclinicalinterview,suchasthatconductedbyphysiciansandpsychologists.Inthesesituationstheprofessionalpersonorinterviewerisinterestedingettinginformationnecessaryforthediagnosis（診斷）andtreatmentofthepersonseekinghelp.

Anotherfamiliarsituationisthejobinterview.However,veryfewofushaveactuallybeeninterviewedpersonallybythemassmedia,particularlybytelevision.Andyet,wehaveavividacquaintancewiththejournalisticinterviewbyvirtueofourrolesasreaders,listeners,andviewers.Evenso,trueunderstandingofthejournalisticinterview,especiallytelevisioninterviews,requiresthoughtfulanalysesandevenstudy,asthisbookindicates.

1.Themainideaofthefirstparagraphisthat（

）.

2.Muchhasbeendoneoninterviewsingeneral

（

）.

3.Westernersarefamiliarwiththejournalisticinterview,

（

）.

4.Thepassageismostlikelyapartof（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.generalizedprinciplesforjournalisticinterviewsarethechiefconcernforwritersofjournalism

B.importanceshouldbeattachedtothesystematicstudyofjournalisticinterviewing

C.conceptsandcontextualimplicationsareofsecondaryimportanceinjournalisticinterviewing

D.personalexperiencesandgeneralimpressionsshouldbeexcludedfromjournalisticinterviews

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.sothetrainingofjournalisticinterviewershaslikewisebeenstrengthened

B.thoughthestudyoftheinterviewingtechniqueshasn’treceivedmuchattention

C.butjournalisticinterviewingasaspecificfieldhasunfortunatelybeenneglected

D.andtherehasalsobeenadramaticgrowthinthestudyofjournalisticinterviewing

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.butmostofthemwishtostayawayfromit

B.andmanyofthemhopetobeinterviewedsomeday

C.andmanyofthemwouldliketoacquireatrueunderstandingofit

D.butmostofthemmaynothavebeeninterviewedinperson

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.anewsarticle

B.aresearchreport

C.ajournalisticinterview

D.apreface

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:D

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。由第一段“Asweknow,injournalism,asinotherfields,muchcanbelearnedfromthesystematicstudyofprofessionalpractice.Suchstudybringstogetherevidencefromwhichbroadgeneralizedprinciplescanbedeveloped.正如我們所知，在新聞業(yè)和其他領(lǐng)域一樣，我們可以從專業(yè)實(shí)踐的系統(tǒng)研究中學(xué)到很多東西。這樣的研究收集了一些證據(jù)，從中可以發(fā)展出廣泛而普遍的原則?！笨芍谝欢沃饕f明應(yīng)該將重點(diǎn)放在專業(yè)實(shí)踐的研究上。答案B

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第二段中“Unhappily,thisplentifulgeneralliteratureaboutinterviewingpayslittleattentiontothejournalisticinterview.遺憾的是，關(guān)于采訪的大量文獻(xiàn)很少關(guān)注新聞采訪”可知C項(xiàng)“新聞采訪作為一個特殊的領(lǐng)域被忽視了”正確。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由最后一段中“However,veryfewofushaveactuallybeeninterviewedpersonallybythemassmedia,particularlybytelevision.然而，實(shí)際上很少有人已當(dāng)面被大眾媒體，特別是被電視采訪”?？芍狣項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:推理判斷題。由最后一句asthisbookindicates可知文章有可能是一本書的序言。答案D

9.單選題

Itwasobviousthatsheandherhusbandwere（）andshewishedshe'dnevermarriedhim.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.insolvable

B.insensible

C.inseparable

D.incompatible

【答案】D

【解析】句意:很明顯她和她丈夫是水火不相容的，她希望自己從來沒有嫁給他。

考查形容詞辨析。insolvable不能解決（答）的;insensible昏迷的，無知覺的；inseparable不可分離的；incompatible不相容的，矛盾的。根據(jù)后半句“她希望自己從來沒有嫁給他”可知D符合句意。

10.單選題

Thesoftwareanalysesvoicepatterns,anddetects______changeswhichcanpointtothesuspect’slying.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.gentle

B.feeble

C.subtle

D.humble

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)gentle“溫和的”，B項(xiàng)feeble“微弱的，虛弱的”，C項(xiàng)subtle“微妙的，精細(xì)的”，D項(xiàng)humble“謙虛的，簡陋的”。前半部分的句子意思是“該軟件分析語音模式，并檢測變化”，可知空格部分應(yīng)該表示“細(xì)微的變化”；故C項(xiàng)符合句意。句意：該軟件可以分析語音模式，并檢測出細(xì)微的變化，從而指出嫌疑人在撒謊。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Sellertakestheviewthatwomenwhouncriticallyadoptphilosophicalconceptionsofknowledgemayfindthemselvessaddledwithconsequencesthatare（）theirperceptionsoftheworldandtheirpolitics.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.atoddswith

B.overtheoddsfor

C.againstalloddswith

D.withintheoddsfor

【答案】A

【解析】固定搭配。atoddswith“意見不一致”，沒有B、C和D選項(xiàng)的搭配。句意：塞勒認(rèn)為，那些不加批判地接受哲學(xué)知識觀念的女性，可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己背負(fù)著與她們對世界和政治的看法不一致的結(jié)果。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

12.單選題

Thepooroldmanwas（

）withdiabetesandwithoutpropermedicaltreatmenthewouldlosehiseyesightandbecomecrippledverysoon.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.suffered

B.afflicted

C.induced

D.infected

【答案】B

【解析】考察動詞詞義辨析。suffer“遭受”；afflict“折磨”；induce“誘導(dǎo)”；infect“感染”。句意：這為可憐的老人患有糖尿病，如果沒有適當(dāng)?shù)闹委煟蜁适б暳?，很快就會殘廢。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

13.單選題

Hisbackinjuryhas（

）himunfitforwork,sohehasnoalternativebuttoliveonreliefpayment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rendered

B.devastated

C.reckoned

D.hindered

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。render意為“使成為，使變得”；devastate意為“破壞”；reckon意為“測算，估計(jì)”；hinder意為“阻礙，妨礙”。

句意：他的背傷使他無法工作，因此，他別無選擇只能依靠救濟(jì)金生活。

14.單選題

Diamondshavelittle（）valueandtheirpricedependsalmostentirelyontheirscarcity.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.extinct

B.permanent

C.surplus

D.intrinsic

【答案】D

【解析】extinct滅絕的,絕種的,破滅的;permanent永久的;surplus過剩的,多余的;intrinsic內(nèi)在的。句意：鉆石本身沒有什么價(jià)值,它昂貴的價(jià)格主要是因?yàn)槠湎∪毙浴?/p>

15.單選題

Ausefuldefinitionofanairpollutantisacompoundaddeddirectlyorindirectlybyhumanstotheatmosphereinsuchquantitiesastoaffecthumans,animals,vegetations,ormaterialsadversely.Airpollutionrequiresaveryflexibledefinitionthatpermitscontinuouschange.WhenthefirstairpollutionlawswereestablishedinEnglandinthefourteenthcentury,airpollutantswerelimitedtocompoundsthatcouldbeseenorsmelled—afarcryfromtheextensivelistofharmfulsubstancesknowntoday.Astechnologyhasdevelopedandknowledgeofthehealthaspectsofvariouschemicalshasincreased,thelistofairpollutantshaslengthened.Inthefuture,evenwatervapormightbeconsideredanairpollutantundercertainconditions.

Manyofthemoreimportantairpollutants,suchassulfuroxides,carbonmonoxide,andnitrogenoxides,arefoundinnature.AstheEarthdeveloped,theconcentrationsofthesepollutantswerealteredbyvariouschemicalreactions;theybecamecomponentsinbiogeochemicalcycle.Theseserveasanairpurificationschemebyallowingthecompoundstomovefromtheairtothewaterorsoilonaglobalbasis,nature’soutputofthesecompoundsdwarfsthatresultingfromhumanactivities.However,humanproductionusuallyoccursinalocalizedarea,suchasacity.

Inthislocalizedregions,humanoutputmaybedominantandmaytemporarilyoverloadthenaturalpurificationschemeofthecycle.Theresultisanincreasedconcentrationofnoxiouschemicalsintheair.Theconcentrationsatwhichtheadverseeffectsappearwillbegreaterthantheconcentrationsthatthepollutantswouldhaveintheabsenceofhumanactivities.Theactualconcentrationneednotbelargeforasubstancetobeapollutant;infactthenumericalvaluetellsuslittleuntilweknowhowmuchofanincreasethisrepresentsovertheconcentrationthatwouldoccurnaturallyinthearea.Forexample,sulfurdioxidehasdetectablehealtheffectsat0.08partspermillion(ppm),whichisabout400timesitsnaturallevel.Carbonmonoxide,however,hasanaturallevelof0.1ppmandisnotusuallyapollutantuntilitslevelreachesabout15ppm.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraphthat_____.

3.Naturalpollutantscanplayanimportantroleincontrollingairpollutionforwhichofthefollowingreasons?

4.Accordingtothepassage,thenumericalvalueoftheconcentrationlevelofasubstanceisonlyusefulif__________.

5.Whichofthefollowingisbestsupportedbythepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theeconomicimpactofairpollution.

B.Whatconstitutesanairpollutant.

C.Howmuchharmairpollutantscancause.

D.Theeffectsofcompoundsaddedtotheatmosphere.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.watervaporisanairpollutantinlocalizedareas

B.mostairpollutantstodaycanbeseenorsmelled

C.thedefinitionofairpollutionwillcontinuetochange

D.asubstancebecomesanairpollutantonlyincities

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theyfunctionaspartofapurificationprocess.

B.Theyoccuringreaterquantitiesthanotherpollutants.

C.Theyarelessharmfultolivingbeingsthanareotherpollutants.

D.TheyhaveexistedsincetheEarthdeveloped.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theothersubstancesintheareaareknown

B.itisinalocalizedarea

C.thenaturallyoccurringlevelisalsoknown

D.itcanbecalculatedquickly

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Toeffectivelycontrolpollutionlocalgovernmentsshouldregularlyreviewtheirairpollutionlaws.

B.Oneofthemostimportantstepsinpreservingnaturallandsistobetterenforceairpollutionlaws.

C.Scientistsshouldbeconsultedinordertoestablishuniformlimitsforallairpollutants.

D.Humanactivitieshavebeeneffectiveinreducingairpollution.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?1.文章內(nèi)容主要是什么？

A.Theeconomicimpactofairpollution.A.空氣污染對經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響。

B.Whatconstitutesanairpollutant.B.什么構(gòu)成了空氣污染物。

C.Howmuchharmairpollutantscancause.C.空氣污染物能造成多大的影響。

D.Theeffectsofcompoundsaddedtotheatmosphere.D.添加到大氣中的化合物的影響。

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題

【解題思路】第一步，定位首尾兩段核心句，首段的中心句是第一段第二句話“空氣污染需要一個非常靈活的定義（definition），允許不斷變化?！弊詈笠欢蔚闹行木涫堑谌蔚谒木洹耙环N物質(zhì)作為污染物的實(shí)際濃度不需要很大；事實(shí)上，如果我們不知道這個數(shù)值相對于該地區(qū)自然發(fā)生的濃度增加了多少，它就告訴不了我們什么。”由此可知文章是在討論空氣污染物的定義是什么，作者認(rèn)為空氣污染物沒有具體的定義，應(yīng)該隨著實(shí)際情況來定義，所以答案應(yīng)該選B選項(xiàng)“什么構(gòu)成了空氣污染物”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“空氣污染對經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響”，文中沒有提及經(jīng)濟(jì)問題，屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“空氣污染物能造成多大的影響”，文中沒有提空氣污染物的具體影響，只是講到空氣污染物這個詞怎么定義，這里屬于偷換概念；

D選項(xiàng)“添加到大氣中的化合物的影響”，這個只是在第二段有提及，屬于以偏概全。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraphthat_____.2.從第一段可以推斷出_____。

A.watervaporisanairpollutantinlocalizedareasA.水汽在局部地區(qū)是一種空氣污染物

B.mostairpollutantstodaycanbeseenorsmelledB.現(xiàn)在大多數(shù)的空氣污染物都可以看見或聞到

C.thedefinitionofairpollutionwillcontinuetochangeC.空氣污染的定義將繼續(xù)改變

D.asubstancebecomesanairpollutantonlyincitiesD.一種物質(zhì)只有在城市里才會成為空氣污染物

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】第一步，尋找句內(nèi)線索，定位到第一段第二句，“空氣污染需要一個非常靈活的定義，允許不斷變化”。第二步尋找上下文線索，定位到文章第一段倒數(shù)第二句話“隨著技術(shù)的發(fā)展和對各種化學(xué)品健康方面的知識的增加，空氣污染物的清單也加長了”，綜上可以推測出，污染的定義會隨著各方面的知識增加而有所改變，所以C選項(xiàng)“空氣污染的定義將繼續(xù)改變”正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“水汽在局部地區(qū)是一種空氣污染物”，定位到第一段第五句“將來，在某些條件下，甚至水蒸氣也可能（mightbe）被認(rèn)為是空氣污染物。”，這里只是作者的一種假設(shè)，是否成真還有待考察，這里屬于偷換概念；

B選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在大多數(shù)的空氣污染物都可以看見或聞到”，定位到文章第一段第三句，“14世紀(jì)（inthefourteenthcentury），當(dāng)?shù)谝徊靠諝馕廴痉ㄔ谟⒏裉m建立時，空氣污染物僅限于可以看到或聞到的化合物——這與今天已知的廣泛的有害物質(zhì)清單相去太遠(yuǎn)了”這是14世紀(jì)英國一項(xiàng)法律，現(xiàn)在法律已經(jīng)改了，這里屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)“一種物質(zhì)只有在城市里才會成為空氣污染物”，定位到第二段最后一句“然而，人類生產(chǎn)通常發(fā)生在局部地區(qū)，如城市”，這里說的是污染物通常是人類生產(chǎn)活動產(chǎn)