考研考博-英語(yǔ)-蘭州現(xiàn)代職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-蘭州現(xiàn)代職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.翻譯題

我們不能肯定什么是“智力”,也不能肯定智力表達(dá)什么。但這一事實(shí)并不妨礙我們認(rèn)為智力是一種非常有用的概念,也不妨礙我們對(duì)智力測(cè)驗(yàn)給予相當(dāng)程度的信賴。在一次智力測(cè)驗(yàn)中,我們?nèi)訙y(cè)驗(yàn)一個(gè)人解決各種各樣難題和問題的能力。如果我們?nèi)×舜硇詷颖?就可以成功地預(yù)測(cè)此人在各種職業(yè)中將獲得何種程度的成就。

英國(guó)議會(huì)1944年通過的教育法案使普及中等教育成為法律條文。除少數(shù)獨(dú)立基金學(xué)校以外,中等學(xué)校將對(duì)全民開放。由于全國(guó)中等學(xué)校的數(shù)目最多能容納11歲以上兒童總數(shù)的25%左右,所以只好做某種選拔。嚴(yán)格的學(xué)術(shù)性考試和測(cè)驗(yàn)被認(rèn)為對(duì)那些在高質(zhì)量小學(xué)就讀和家庭學(xué)術(shù)氣氛濃厚的兒童很有利。因此,智力測(cè)驗(yàn)被設(shè)計(jì)出來,以抵消這種狹隘的專業(yè)化教學(xué)內(nèi)容,其方法是引入一些并非以書本知識(shí)為基礎(chǔ)的問題。換言之,智力測(cè)驗(yàn)主要通過給兒童提供一些在其能力與理解力范圍內(nèi)的不同真實(shí)情景,嘗試評(píng)價(jià)兒童思考、推理、判斷、分析和綜合的總體能力。

Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphfromChineseintoEnglish.

【答案】Thefactthatwearenotsurewhat"intelligence"is,norwhatispassedon,doesnotpreventusfromfindingitaveryusefulworkingconcept,andplacingacertainamountofrelianceontestswhichmeasureit.Inanintelligencetestwetakeasampleofanindividual'sabilitytosolvepuzzlesandproblemsofvariouskinds,andifwehavetakenarepresentativesample,itwillallowustopredictsuccessfullythelevelofperformancehewillreachinawidevarietyofoccupations.

Thisbecameofparticularimportancewhen,asaresultofthe1944EducationAct,secondaryschoolingforallbecamelaw,andgrammarschools,withtheexceptionofasmallnumberofindependentfoundationschools,becameavailabletothewholepopulation.Sincethenumberofgrammarschoolsinthecountrycouldaccommodateatmostapproximately25percentofthetotalchildpopulationofeleven-plus,somekindofselectionhadtobemade.Narrowlyacademicexaminationsandtestswerefelt,quiterightly,tobeheavilyweightedinfavourofchildrenwhohadhadtheadvantageofhighly-academicprimaryschoolsandacademicallybiasedhomes.Intelligencetestsweredevisedtocounteractthisnarrowspecialization,byintroducingproblemswhichwerenotbasedonspecificallyscholastically-acquiredknowledge.Theintelligencetestisanattempttoassessthegeneralabilityofanychildtothink,reason,judge,analyzeandsynthesizebypresentinghimwithsituations,bothverbalandpractical,whicharewithinhisrangeofcompetenceandunderstanding.

2.單選題

Thedetectivewatchedandsawthesuspect______ahotelatthecorneroftheStreet.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.gettingoffthetaxiandwalkinginto

B.gotoffthetaxiandwalkedinto

C.getoffthetaxiandwalkinto

D.gotoffthetaxitowalkinto

【答案】C

【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：偵探看著嫌疑犯下了出租車，走進(jìn)了街角的一家旅館。本句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是watchedandsaw，橫線處是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，在這里指“看見他下出租車和進(jìn)旅館”的整個(gè)過程。watch/seesb.doingsth.“看見某人正在做（瞬間）”，watch/seesb.dosth.“看見某人做了某事（全過程）”，C選項(xiàng)getoffthetaxiandwalkinto符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Trysomeofthiscake,whichI（）especiallyforyou.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.boiled

B.baked

C.burned

D.roasted

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。boil“煮沸”；bake“烤，烘焙”；burn“燃燒，燒毀”；roast“烤”。句意：吃一點(diǎn)這種蛋糕吧，這是我特意為你烘焙的?？镜案庥胋ake,故B項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Sincetheauthor’sunflatteringreferencestoherfriendswereso________,shewassurprisedthather______wererecognized.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.laudatory...styles

B.obvious...anecdotes

C.oblique...allusions

D.critical...eulogies

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞和名詞詞義辨析。laudatory“贊美的”；obvious“明顯的”；oblique“不光明正大的”；critical“批判的”。style“風(fēng)格”；anecdote“軼事，奇聞”；allusion“暗示，提及”；eulogy“悼詞，頌詞”。句意：作者間接地指出了她的朋友們的不當(dāng)之處，但是使她驚訝的是，這種暗示得到了大家的認(rèn)可。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.單選題

ThehighestmountainpassinEuropeis______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.of2,473meters

B.at2,473metershigh

C.2,473highmeters

D.2,473metershigh

【答案】D

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法。表示某物的長(zhǎng)、高、寬時(shí)，英語(yǔ)中的表達(dá)是“名詞+be動(dòng)詞+數(shù)量+形容詞”，故D項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)為beof結(jié)構(gòu)，后面一般跟抽象名詞，表示“某物/某人具有某種品質(zhì)、性質(zhì)或特點(diǎn)”；B項(xiàng)介詞at使用不正確；C項(xiàng)meters應(yīng)該緊跟在數(shù)字后面。句意：歐洲最高的山脈海拔2473米。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

ResalepriceMaintenanceisthenameusedwhenaretaileriscompelledtosellatapricefixedbythemanufacturerinsteadofchoosingforhimselfhowmuchtoaddontothewholesalepricehepaysforhissupplies.Thispracticeisassociatedwiththesaleof“branded”goods,whichnowformaveryconsiderableproportionofconsumers’purchases,andithasledtoagreatdealofcontroversy.

Generallysucharticlesarepackedandadvertisedbythemanufacturers,whotrytocreateaspecial“image”inthemindsofpossiblepurchasers—animagemadeupofdielookofthearticle,itsuse,itspriceandeverythingelsewhichmightleadpurchaserstoaskforthatbrandratherthananyother.Ifaretailerisallowedtochoiceanypricehelikeshemayfinditworthwhiletosellonebrandat“cut”priceseventhoughthisinvolvesaloss,becausehehopestoattractcustomerstotheshopwheretheymaybepersuadedtobuymanyothertypesofgoodsathigherprices.Themanufacturerofthebrandthathasbeen“cut”fearsthattheretailermaybetemptedtoreducetheservicesonthisarticle;butevenifhedoesnotthereisadanger;thatthecustomerbecomesunsettled,andisunwillingtopaythe“standard”priceofthearticlebecausehefeelsthatheisbeing“done”.Thismay,andindeedoftendoes,affectthereputationofthemanufacturerandlosehimhismarketinthelongrun.

Itissometimessaidalsothatthehousewife—whoistheprincipalbuyerofmostofthesegoods—prefersafixedpricebecausesheknowswheresheisandissavedthebotherofgoingfromshoptoshopinsearchoflowerprices.Ifoneshopcutallthepricesofitsbandedgoodsshewouldundoubtedlyhaveanadvantageinshoppingthere.Butthisdoesnothappen.Astoreusuallythepriceofoneortwoofitsarticleswhichactasadecoyandmakesupitslossesonothers,andchangesthecut-pricearticlesfromweektoweeksoastoattractdifferentgroupsofcustomers.Andsothehousewifemayfeelratherguiltyifshedoesnotspendtimetrackingdownthecheapergoods.Howfarthisistrueisamatteroftemperamentanditisimpossibletoestimatewhatproportionifpurchaserspreferapricethattheycanrelyonwherevertheychoosetobuyandwhatproportionenjoythechallengeinvolvedinfindingthestorethatoffersthemabargain.

ThosewhoopposeResalePriceMaintenance,ontheotherhand,pointoutthattherearenowagreatmanydifferentchannelsofdistribution—chainstores,departmentstores,cooperativestores,independentorunitshops,supermarkets,mail-orderhouses,andsoon.Itwouldbeabsurdtoassumethatallofthemprice?Iftheywereallowedtochooseforthemselves,themoreefficientretailerswouldsellatlowerpricesandconsumerswouldbenefit.Asitis,theretailpricemustbesufficienttocoverthecostsoftheefficientavenuesofdistributionandthismeanstheothersmakeabiggerprofitthannecessaryattheexpenseofthepublic.Thesupportersofthefixespricearguethatthisisonlyhalfthestory.Theefficienttradercanstillcompetewithoutloweringhisprices.Hecanofferbetterservice—longcredit,orquickdeliveryorapleasantshopdecororhelpfulassistants—andcandothiswithoutimperilingthelong-terminterestsofthemanufacturer.

1.Manufacturersopposeretailerscuttingpricesontheirgoodsmainlybecausetheythink（）.

2.Supportersofthefixedpriceboldthatanefficienttradercanstillmakemoneywithoutloweringpricesby（）.

3.Bysaying“Hefeelsthatheisbeing‘done’,theauthormeansthatcustomerthinks（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisFALSEaccordingtothepassage?

5.Thesentence“Sheknowswheresheis"inthethirdparagraphcanbeparaphrasedas（）

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.retailersmayeventuallystopsellingtheirproducts

B.itmayreducecustomersconfidenceintheirproducts

C.customersmayfeeluneasywhenpricesvary

D.itmaysometimesleadtopoorservice

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.allowingcustomerstimetopay

B.hiringassistantsforlonghoursandlowwages

C.advertisingformoreeffectively

D.establishinglong-termrelationswithmanufacturers

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.someoneisdespisinghim

B.someoneismaltreatinghim

C.someoneisblackmailinghim

D.someoneischeatinghim

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Goodserviceotherthanpriceisimportantinattractingcustomers

B.AnarticlewithoutabrandnameisnotsubjecttoResalePriceMaintenance

C.Manufacturersattempttoinfluencepossiblepurchasersbymakingtheirproductseasytoidentity.

D.Housewivespreferfixedpricesbecausefixedpricesaremuchlesslikelytofluctuate.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Sheknowsherplace

B.Sheknowsherstuff

C.Shefeelssecure

D.Shefeelsintoxicated

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:文章第二段第三句話Themanufacturerofthebrandthathasbeen‘cut’fearsthattheretailermaybetemptedtoreducetheservicesonthisarticle,生產(chǎn)商擔(dān)心那個(gè)商品降價(jià)會(huì)導(dǎo)致零售商降低對(duì)該商品顧客的服務(wù)，所以選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

第2題:文章最后一段最后一句話Hecanofferbetterservice—longcredit,orquickdeliveryorapleasantshopdecororhelpfulassistants，零售商為顧客提供更優(yōu)質(zhì)的服務(wù)，比如延長(zhǎng)支付時(shí)間，快速送貨或者把店面裝飾得很漂亮，或者找一些有用的助手，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

第3題:sb.isbeingdone“某人被欺騙”，所以選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

第4題:文章第一段提到thispracticeisassociatedwiththesaleof“branded”goods，這種做法是跟品牌貨物相連的，所以可以推論不是名牌的商品不受固定價(jià)格的約束，所以選項(xiàng)B排除；第二段generallysucharticlesarepackedandadvertisedbythemanufacturers,whotrytocreateaspecialimageinthemindsofpossiblepurchasers…，生廠商希望在潛在的顧客心中塑造一個(gè)特別的形象，所以選項(xiàng)C排除；第三段itissometimessaidalsothatthehousewifewhoistheprincipalbuyerofmostofthesegoodsprefers…，家庭主婦們會(huì)感到安全，避免為了尋找更低的價(jià)格從一家商店跑到另一家，所以選項(xiàng)D排除。因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

第5題:根據(jù)上下文可知家庭主婦喜歡固定的價(jià)格是因?yàn)檫@樣可以不用在不同商店之間來回比價(jià)格，并且還說到如果沒有去價(jià)格更便宜的商店買東西，她們會(huì)感到懊惱，所以可以判斷sheknowswheresheis是感到安全的意思。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

7.單選題

Johnsaidthathispresentjobdoesnotprovidehimwithenough______forhisorganizingability.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.scope

B.space

C.capacity

D.range

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.scope（做或?qū)崿F(xiàn)某事的）機(jī)會(huì)，能力；（題目、組織、活動(dòng)等的）范圍B.space（可利用的）空地，空間

C.capacity容量；容積；容納能力D.range（變動(dòng)或浮動(dòng)的）范圍，界限

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞organizingability（組織能力）可知，enough______指的是“（發(fā)揮組織能力的）足夠空間”，而scope是指實(shí)現(xiàn)某事或者做某事的機(jī)會(huì)或能力，符合句意，故該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B項(xiàng)牛津釋義是anamountofanareaorofaplacethatisemptyorthatisavailableforuse（空的或可供使用的區(qū)域或地方），不符合句意；

C、D項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】約翰說他目前的工作不能為他的組織能力提供足夠的施展空間。

8.單選題

Whenprehistoricmanarrivedinnewpartsoftheworld,somethingstrangehappenedtothelargeanimals.Theysuddenlybecameextinct.Smallerspeciessurvived.Thelarge,slow-growinganimalswereeasygame,andwerequicklyhuntedtoextinction.Nowsomethingsimilarcouldbehappeningintheoceans.

Thattheseasarebeingoverfishedhasbeenknownforyears.WhatresearcherssuchasRansomMyersandBorisWormhaveshownisjusthowfastthingsarechanging.Theyhavelookedathalfacenturyofdatafromfisheriesaroundtheworld.Theirmethodsdonotattempttoestimatetheactualbiomass(theamountoflivingbiologicalmatter)offishspeciesinparticularpartsoftheocean,butratherchangesinthatbiomassovertime.AccordingtotheirlatestpaperpublishedinNature,thebiomassoflargepredators(animalsthatkillandeatotheranimals)inanewfisheryisreducedonaverageby80%within15yearsofthestartofexploitation.Insomelong-fishedareas,ithashalvedagainsincethen.

Dr.Wormacknowledgesthatthesefiguresareconservative.Onereasonforthisisthatfishingtechnologyhasimproved.Today’svesselscanfindtheirpreyusingsatellitesandsonar,whichwerenotavailable50yearsago.Thatmeansahigherproportionofwhatisintheseaisbeingcaught,sotherealdifferencebetweenpresentandpastislikelytobeworsethantheonerecordedbychangesincatchsizes.Intheearlydays,too,longlineswouldhavebeenmoresaturatedwithfish.Someindividualswouldthereforenothavebeencaught,sincenobaitedhookswouldhavebeenavailabletotrapthem,leadingtoanunderestimateoffishstocksinthepast.Furthermore,intheearlydaysoflonglinefishing,alotoffishwerelosttosharksaftertheyhadbeenhooked.Thatisnolongeraproblem,becausetherearefewersharksaroundnow.

Dr.MyersandDr.Wormarguethattheirworkgivesacorrectbaseline,whichfuturemanagementeffortsmusttakeintoaccount.Theybelievethedatasupportanideacurrentamongmarinebiologists,thatofthe“shiftingbaseline”.Thenotionisthatpeoplehavefailedtodetectthemassivechangeswhichhavehappenedintheoceanbecausetheyhavebeenlookingbackonlyarelativelyshorttimeintothepast.Thatmattersbecausetheorysuggeststhatthemaximumsustainableyieldthatcanbecroppedfromafisherycomeswhenthebiomassofatargetspeciesisabout50%ofitsoriginallevels.Mostfisheriesarewellbelowthat,whichisabadwaytodobusiness.

1.Theextinctionoflargeprehistoricanimalsisnotedtosuggestthat______.

2.WecaninferfromDr.MyersandDr.Worm’spaperthat______.

3.Bysayingthesefiguresareconservative(line1,inparagraph3),Dr.Wormmeansthat______.

4.Dr.Myersandotherresearcherholdthat______.

5.Theauthorseemstobemainlyconcernedwithmostfisheries’______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.largeanimalwerevulnerabletothechangingenvironment

B.smallspeciessurvivedaslargeanimalsdisappeared

C.largeseaanimalsmayfacethesamethreattoday

D.slow-growingfishoutlivefast-growingones

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thestockoflargepredatorsinsomeoldfisherieshasreducedby90%

B.thereareonlyhalfasmanyfisheriesastherewere15yearsago

C.thecatchsizesinnewfisheriesareonly20%oftheoriginalamount

D.thenumberoflargepredatordroppedfasterinnewfisheriesthanintheold

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.fishingtechnologyhasimprovedrapidly

B.thencatch-sizesareactuallysmallerthanrecorded

C.themarinebiomasshassufferedagreaterloss

D.thedatecollectedsofarareoutofdate

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.peopleshouldlookforabaselinethatcan’tworkforalongertime

B.fisheriesshouldkeeptheyieldbelow50%ofthebiomass

C.theoceanbiomassshouldrestoreitsoriginallevel

D.peopleshouldadjustthefishingbaselinetochangingsituation

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.managementefficiency

B.biomasslevel

C.catch-sizelimits

D.technologicalapplication

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。題干意思是“大型史前動(dòng)物的滅絕暗示什么？”。第一段最后一句Nowsomethingsimilarcouldbehappeningintheoceans（現(xiàn)在類似的事情可能正在海洋中發(fā)生），由此推斷，文中提到史前動(dòng)物的滅絕是暗示海洋生物也會(huì)面臨同樣的問題。A項(xiàng)“大型動(dòng)物很容易受到環(huán)境的影響”，B項(xiàng)“小物種幸存下來而大物種消失了”和D項(xiàng)“生長(zhǎng)緩慢的魚比生長(zhǎng)迅速的魚更長(zhǎng)壽”都不是大型動(dòng)物滅絕暗示的現(xiàn)象，所以該題C項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。題干意思是“我們從Dr.MyersandDr.Worm’s的論文中可以推測(cè)出什么？”。根據(jù)本題關(guān)鍵詞“Dr.MyersandDr.Worm’spaper”定位到本文第二段最后一句AccordingtotheirlatestpaperpublishedinNature,thebiomassoflargepredators(animalsthatkillandeatotheranimals)inanewfisheryisreducedonaverageby80%within15yearsofthestartofexploitation.Insomelong-fishedareas,ithashalvedagainsincethen（根據(jù)他們?cè)凇蹲匀弧冯s志上發(fā)表的最新論文，在新漁場(chǎng)開始捕撈的15年內(nèi)，大型捕食動(dòng)物（殺死并吃掉其他動(dòng)物的動(dòng)物）的生物量平均減少了80%。在一些長(zhǎng)期捕魚的地區(qū)，從那時(shí)起，它又減少了一半），由此推斷，文中提到大型捕食動(dòng)物平均減少80%，所以可以推測(cè)出在一些老的漁場(chǎng)，已經(jīng)減少了90%。B項(xiàng)“這里的漁場(chǎng)數(shù)量只有15年前的一半”說法錯(cuò)誤，文中沒有漁場(chǎng)數(shù)量15年之間的對(duì)比；C項(xiàng)“新漁場(chǎng)的漁獲量只有原來的20%”說法錯(cuò)誤，是指平均下降80%，沒有說就只有20%，該說法過于絕對(duì)；D項(xiàng)“新漁場(chǎng)的大型捕食者的數(shù)量比舊漁場(chǎng)下降得更快”說法錯(cuò)誤，根據(jù)第二段最后一句可知，應(yīng)該是舊漁場(chǎng)下降得更快。所以該題A項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“通過說這些數(shù)字是保守的（第三段第一行），Worm博士的意思是？”。根據(jù)本題直接定位到本文第三段第四句Thatmeansahigherproportionofwhatisintheseaisbeingcaught,sotherealdifferencebetweenpresentandpastislikelytobeworsethantheonerecordedbychangesincatchsizes（這意味著更高比例的海洋生物正在被捕撈，所以現(xiàn)在和過去之間的真正差異可能比捕撈規(guī)模變化所記錄的更糟糕），由此可知因?yàn)榭萍嫉倪M(jìn)步給捕魚帶來的巨大的方便，但是這些數(shù)字是保守估計(jì)是因?yàn)楹Ｑ笊镌馐芰烁蟮钠茐?。A項(xiàng)“捕魚技術(shù)進(jìn)步很快”是給捕魚帶來了方便，但不符合本題題意；B項(xiàng)“捕魚量實(shí)際上比記錄的要小”該說法沒有原文依據(jù)，原文只提到海洋生物遭受了更大的破壞；D項(xiàng)“到目前為止收集到的日期已經(jīng)過時(shí)了”與本題無關(guān)。所以該題C項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“邁爾斯博士和其他研究人員認(rèn)為？”。根據(jù)本題關(guān)鍵詞“Dr.Myers”定位到本文最后一段第一句Dr.MyersandDr.Wormarguethattheirworkgivesacorrectbaseline,whichfuturemanagementeffortsmusttakeintoaccount（邁爾斯和沃姆博士認(rèn)為，他們的工作給出了一個(gè)正確的基線，未來的管理工作必須加以考慮），由此可知應(yīng)該要調(diào)整捕魚的基線來改變當(dāng)前的狀態(tài)。A項(xiàng)“人們應(yīng)該尋找一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期不起作用的基準(zhǔn)”說法錯(cuò)誤，是要尋找一個(gè)有效的基線；B項(xiàng)“漁業(yè)應(yīng)將產(chǎn)量保持在生物量的50%以下”，該說法錯(cuò)誤，根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二句可知應(yīng)當(dāng)是保持在50%，而不是50%之下；C項(xiàng)“海洋生物量應(yīng)該恢復(fù)到原來的水平”說法不全面，是要恢復(fù)到原始水平的50%。所以該題D項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“作者似乎主要關(guān)注大多數(shù)漁業(yè)的什么？”。A項(xiàng)“管理效率”；B項(xiàng)“生物量水平”；C項(xiàng)“捕獲的大小限制”；D項(xiàng)“技術(shù)應(yīng)用”。整篇文章都是圍繞海洋生物的量展開的，而且文章中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)了“biomass”，所以可知，作者大多關(guān)注海洋生物總量的變化。所以該題B項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Whenitcomestothetruthofthecase,his（）answeris“nocomment”.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.invariable

B.investigative

C.invalid

D.invasive

【答案】A

【解析】詞義辨析題。invariable不變的,

始終如一的；investigative調(diào)查研究的；invalid無效的；invasive侵略性的。句意：說到案件的真相,

他始終如一的回答是“無可奉告”。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

10.單選題

Thedoctors（）themedicinestothepeoplethefloodarea.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.distributed

B.packed

C.prayed

D.undertook

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng).distributed“分配，分開”。B選項(xiàng)packed“損失，代價(jià)”。C選項(xiàng)prayed“祈禱”。D選項(xiàng)undertook“保證，承擔(dān)”。句意：醫(yī)生們把藥品分發(fā)給水災(zāi)地區(qū)的人們。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

11.單選題

Ingeneral,theeffectsofradiationcanbedividedintothosewhichaffecttheindividualsexposedandthosewhichaffecttheir（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.succession

B.descendants

C.descent

D.successors

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)succession“繼任，繼承”；B選項(xiàng)descendant“后代，晚輩”；C選項(xiàng)descent“下降，血統(tǒng)，襲擊”；D選項(xiàng)successor“繼承人”。根據(jù)individual可知，空格處應(yīng)填入某一或某類人物，故A、C選項(xiàng)不符合題意，排除。successor一般是說某個(gè)家庭的繼承人，而descendant泛指人類的子孫后代，所以本題選B更加貼切。句意：總的來說，輻射的危害可以分為對(duì)輻射接收者本人的影響以及對(duì)其子孫后代的影響。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是B選項(xiàng)。

12.單選題

Werealizedthathewasundergreat（）,sowetooknonoticeofhisbadtemper.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.excitement

B.stress

C.crisis

D.nervousness

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)excitement“興奮”；B選項(xiàng)stress“壓力”；C選項(xiàng)crisis“危機(jī)”；D選項(xiàng)nervousness“緊張”。句意：我們知道他壓力很大，所以我們沒在意他的壞脾氣。A，C，D都不能與under搭配，只有undergreatstress為固定搭配，表示“在巨大的壓力下”。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Therearebothadvantagesanddisadvantagesintheschemeproposed,but（）Ithinkweshouldbenefitbyadoptingit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inbalance

B.offbalance

C.onbalance

D.outofbalance

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定結(jié)構(gòu)。inbalance“保持”；onbalance“總的來說”；outofbalance“失去平衡”。本句意為“總的來說，我認(rèn)為采用它對(duì)我們有好處”，用“總的來說”順承“提出的方案有優(yōu)點(diǎn)也有缺點(diǎn)”。C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

14.翻譯題

Mytopictodayis“TheCarandAirPollution.”Inparticular,Iwantfirstlytodiscussthewaysinwhichthecarcausesairpollution;andsecondly,howwecancontrolorreduceairpollutionfromthecar.

First,then,howdoesthecarcauseairpollution?1.Whathappensisthatthecar’sinternalcombustionengineisakindofchemicalfactoryonasmallscale.Itusesamixtureofpetrolandair,andthismixtureexplodesandburns,toproducetheenergywhichpropelsthecar.2.Butwhilethisishappening,manycomplicatedchemicalreactionsaretakingplace.Inparticular,partofthepetrol-airmixtureisnotcompletelyburnedup,andsotheexhaustgasesfromtheenginecontainsomeverydangerouschemicals,suchascarbonmonoxide,nitrogenoxides,leadandhydrocarbons.

Thisisthesituation,then,andit’sgoingtogetmuchworse,unlesswedosomethingaboutit.Solet’sfocusourattentionnowonwaysofcontrollingorreducingtheamountofairpollutioncausedbythecar.

First,wecandiscouragetheuseofcars.Forexample,wecanputhighertaxesonpetrol,andoncarsthemselves,especiallyonlargeronesthatusealotofpetrol.

3.Second,wecanencouragealternativemethodsoftransport,bothbetweenandwithinurbanareas.Forinstance,wecanmaketrainandbusservicescheaperandmoreconvenient.Andwecanbuildamasstransitsysteminlargecities,particularlyanundergroundrailwaysystem.

Next,wecanuseadifferentandcleanerfuelfortheinternalcombustionengine.

Fourth,wecanreplacetheinternalcombustionenginewithotherdesigns.Thereareseveralpossibilitiesbeingresearchedatpresent,suchaselectric,gasturbine,and“steam”enginesgasturbine,andsteamengines.However,eachofthesedesignshasitsowndisadvantages.

4.Lastbutnottheleast,wearetryingtocontroltheemissionsfromtheinternalcombustionenginemuchmorestrictly.This,forexample,isacatalytic(催化式)converter,whichconvertsthemostdangerousingredientsofthecarexhaustintowaterandharmlessgases.

AsI’msureyoucansee,thereareproblemswitheachoftheseways;butatleastthey’reastepintherightdirection.Probablythebestanswerisasynthesisofallfive.

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage,andthentranslatetheunderlinedpartsnumberedfrom(1)to(4),fromEnglishintoChinese.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】（1）汽車導(dǎo)致空氣污染是因?yàn)槠噧?nèi)燃機(jī)實(shí)際上是一座小型化工廠。內(nèi)燃機(jī)所用的燃料是汽油和空氣的混合物。這種混合物燃爆后產(chǎn)生驅(qū)動(dòng)力。

（2）但是，汽油同空氣燃爆時(shí)，許多復(fù)雜的化學(xué)反應(yīng)也同時(shí)發(fā)生。特別值得注意的是，汽油和空氣混合物不能完全燃燒，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)產(chǎn)生的各種廢氣含有一些非常有害的化學(xué)物質(zhì)。

（3）第二，我們可以鼓勵(lì)在城市內(nèi)部和城市之間使用替代的交通工具。比如，我們可以使火車和公共汽車服務(wù)更加廉價(jià)和便利。我們可以在大城市建立公交系統(tǒng)，特別是地鐵系統(tǒng)。

（4）最后，我們正在嘗試更加嚴(yán)格地控制內(nèi)燃機(jī)釋放的氣體。比如，催化式排氣凈化器，它將汽車廢氣中最危險(xiǎn)的成分轉(zhuǎn)變成水和無害氣體。

15.單選題

ThepresentcontractisdoneinChineseandEnglish,bothtextsbeingequally（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.valid

B.warrant

C.ration

D.effect

【答案】A

【解析】valid正當(dāng)?shù)模戏ǖ?，有效的；warrant根據(jù)，證明，委任狀；ration定量，配給量；effect影響，效果，作用。句意：本合同有中英文兩個(gè)版本，它們具有同等效力。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

16.單選題

EvenifyouhaveneverseenaJarmanfilmorpainting,orgarden,youcan______thepassionandgraceofhiswriting.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.assess

B.pursue

C.savor

D.testify

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.assess評(píng)估；評(píng)定

B.pursue追求；致力于

C.savor品味；體會(huì)D.testify（尤指出庭）作證；證明

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息thepassionandgraceofhiswriting（他作品中的激情和優(yōu)雅）可知，空格處表示“品味，體會(huì)”符合句意，故該題選擇C項(xiàng)恰當(dāng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】即使你從未看過賈曼的電影、繪畫或花園，你也能品味到他作品中的激情和優(yōu)雅。

17.單選題

Themoreanation'scompanies（）factoriesabroad,thesmallerthatcountry'srecordedexportswillbe.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.lie

B.locate

C.spot

D.stand

【答案】B

【解析】句意：一個(gè)國(guó)家的企業(yè)在海外設(shè)廠越多，該國(guó)的出口記錄就會(huì)越小。locate為及物動(dòng)詞，符合句意。其他選項(xiàng)做及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)都和位置沒有關(guān)系。

18.單選題

Today,houseworkhasbeenmademucheasierbyelectrical______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.facilities

B.appliances

C.instruments

D.equipment

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)facility“設(shè)施，設(shè)備”，指可供使用的設(shè)備或設(shè)施；B項(xiàng)appliance“器具，器械”，C項(xiàng)instrument“樂器，儀器”，D項(xiàng)equipment“裝備，設(shè)備”，多指成套的或重型的設(shè)備或裝備，不光包括電子設(shè)備，還包含相關(guān)的工具。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞housework“家務(wù)”可知，空格部分表示“家用電器”合適，B項(xiàng)最符合語(yǔ)境。句意：今天，家用電器使家務(wù)變得容易多了。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

19.單選題

Thefactory’swastewasfoundtobedetrimentaltotheenvironment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.harmful

B.helpful

C.harmless

D.harsh

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞義辨析。detrimental表示“不利的，有害的”；A項(xiàng)harmful“有害的”，B項(xiàng)helpful“有幫助的”，C項(xiàng)harmless“無害的”，D項(xiàng)harsh“嚴(yán)厲的，嚴(yán)酷的”。句意：人們發(fā)現(xiàn)這家工廠的廢物對(duì)環(huán)境有害。因此A項(xiàng)正確。

20.單選題

Howmanyreallysufferasaresultoflabormarketproblems?Thisisoneofthemostcriticalyetcontentioussocialpolicyquestions.Inmanyways,oursocialstatisticsexaggeratethedegreeofhardship.Unemploymentdoesnothavethesamedireconsequencestodayasitdidinthe1930’swhenmostoftheunemployedwereprimarybreadwinners,whenincomeandearningswereusuallymuchclosertothemarginofsubsistence,andwhentherewerenocountervailingsocialprogramsforthosefailinginthelabormarket.Increasingaffluence,theriseoffamilieswithmorethanonewageearner,thegrowingpredominanceofsecondaryearnersamongtheunemployed,andimprovedsocialwelfareprotectionhaveunquestionablymitigatedtheconsequencesofjoblessness.Earningsandincomedataalsooverstatethedimensionsofhardship.Amongthemillionswithhourlyearningsatorbelowtheminimumwagelevel,theoverwhelmingmajorityarefrommultiple-earner,relativelyaffluentfamilies.Mostofthosecountedbythepovertystatisticsareelderlyorhandicappedorhavefamilyresponsibilitieswhichkeepthemoutofthelaborforce,sothepovertystatisticsarebynomeansanaccurateindicatoroflabormarketpathologies.

Yettherearealsomanywaysoursocialstatisticsunderestimatethedegreeoflabor-market-relatedhardship.Theunemploymentcountsexcludethemillionsoffullyemployedworkerswhosewagesaresolowthattheirfamiliesremaininpoverty.Lowwagesandrepeatedorprolongedunemploymentfrequentlyinteracttounderminethecapacityforself-support.Sincethenumberexperiencingjoblessnessatsometimeduringtheyearisseveraltimesthenumberunemployedinanymonth,thosewhosufferasaresultofforcedidlenesscanequalorexceedaverageannualunemployment,eventhoughonlyaminorityofthejoblessinanymonthreallysuffer.Foreverypersoncountedinthemonthlyunemploymenttallies,thereisanotherworkingpart-timebecauseoftheinabilitytofindfull-timework,orelseoutsidethelaborforcebutwantingajob.Finally,incometransfersinourcountyhavealwaysfocusedontheelderly,disabled,anddependent,neglectingtheneedsoftheworkingpoor,sothatthedramaticexpansionofcashandin-kindtransfersdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatthosefailinginthelabormarketareadequatelyprotected.

Asaresultofsuchcontradictoryevidence,itisuncertainwhetherthosesufferingseriouslyasaresultoflabormarketproblemsnumberinthehundredsofthousandsorthetensofmillions,andhence,whetherhighlevelsofjoblessnesscanbetoleratedormustbecounteredbyjobcreationandeconomicstimulus.Thereisonlyoneareaofagreementinthisdebate—thattheexistingpoverty,employment,andearningsstatisticsareinadequateforoneoftheirprimaryapplications,measuringtheconsequencesoflabormarketproblems.

1.Whichofthefollowingistheprincipaltopicofthepassage?

2.Theauthoruses“l(fā)abormarketproblems”inlines1-2torefertowhichofthefollowing?

3.Theauthorcontraststhe1930’swiththepresentinordertoshowthat（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingproposalsbestrespondstotheissuesraisedbytheauthor?

5.Theauthorstatesthatthemitigatingeffectofsocialprogramsinvolvingincometransfersontheincomeleveloflow-incomepeopleisoftennotfeltby（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Whatcauseslabormarketpathologiesthatresultinsuffering?

B.Whyincomemeasuresareimpreciseinmeasuringdegreesofpoverty?

C.Whichofthecurrentlyusedstatisticalproceduresarethebestforestimatingtheincidenceofhardshipthatisduetounemployment?

D.Howsocialstatisticsgiveanunclearpictureofthedegreeofhardshipcausedbylowwagesandinsufficientemploymentopportunities?

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theoverallcausesofpoverty.

B.Deficienciesinthetrainingoftheworkforce.

C.Traderelationshipsamongproducersofgoods.

D.Shortagesofjobsprovidingadequateincome.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.morepeoplewereunemployedinthe1930’s

B.unemploymentnowhaslesssevereeffects

C.socialprogramsaremoreneedednow

D.therenowisagreaterproportionofelderlyandhandicappedpeopleamongthoseinpoverty

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Innovativeprogramsusingmultipleapproachesshouldbesetuptoreducethelevelofunemployment.

B.Acompromiseshouldbefoundbetweenthepositionsofthosewhoviewjoblessnessasanevilgreaterthaneconomiccontrolandthosewhoholdtheoppositeview.

C.Newstatisticalindicesshouldbedevelopedtomeasurethedegreetowhichunemploymentandinadequatelypaidemploymentcausesuffering.

D.Considerationshouldbegiventothewaysinwhichstatisticscanactaspartialcausesofthephenomenathattheypurporttomeasure.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theemployedpoor

B.dependentchildreninsingle-earnerfamilies

C.workerswhobecomedisabled

D.retiredworkers

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。第一段作者提出在很多方面，我們的社會(huì)統(tǒng)計(jì)夸大了失業(yè)的困苦程度。而在第二段又指出然而我們的社會(huì)統(tǒng)計(jì)也在很多方面低估了勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)相關(guān)的困苦。文章主要是針對(duì)這倆方面進(jìn)行分析。因此D項(xiàng)“社會(huì)統(tǒng)計(jì)如何就由低工資和不充足的雇傭機(jī)會(huì)導(dǎo)致的困苦程度給出一個(gè)不清楚的描寫”比較能概括文章大意。

第2題:判斷推理題。文章開頭提出:Howmanyreallysufferasaresultoflabormarketproblems?(有多少人真的因?yàn)閯趧?wù)市場(chǎng)問題而受苦？)。第二段又指出:Yet