時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)二（32張ppt）

高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)課件1高考一輪總復(fù)習(xí)語法學(xué)案2時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)(二)考點(diǎn)1

完成進(jìn)行時(shí)考點(diǎn)精講注意：由于高考主要涉及了現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí),因此本節(jié)只講述現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法,對其他形式的完成進(jìn)行時(shí)知識從略?，F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示一個(gè)動作開始于過去,并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在還在進(jìn)行。完成進(jìn)行時(shí)是完成時(shí)和進(jìn)行時(shí)的組合,因此,它具備完成時(shí)和進(jìn)行時(shí)的一些因素,如：它具備進(jìn)行時(shí)的“未完性、暫時(shí)性、感情色彩等”的特點(diǎn)。2HehasbeenlearningEnglishfor6years.他學(xué)英語已經(jīng)有六年了。(從過去某一時(shí)間開始學(xué)英語,強(qiáng)調(diào)到現(xiàn)在還在學(xué))Ithasbeenrainingfor3days.雨已經(jīng)下了三天了。(強(qiáng)調(diào)說話者“抱怨”的感情色彩)典例剖析Inordertofindthemissingchild,villagers_____alltheycanoverthepastfivehours.［2012安徽卷］A.didB.doC.haddoneD.havebeendoing剖析考查動詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。后面的overthepastfivehours意味著現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),所以選擇D項(xiàng)。過去完成時(shí)表示“過去的過去”明顯不正確。3高考一輪總復(fù)習(xí)對應(yīng)訓(xùn)練用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Helen_________(leave)herkeysintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusband________(come)home.2.I__________(hope)tomeetMr.Thompsonthismorning,butIfoundnobodyleftintheroom.3.WeplantoreachtheNorthPoleinmid-July,andbythenwe_______________(walk)forsixweeks.4.BythetimeyouarriveinNewYork,youwill_______________(away)fortwoweeks.5.—Didyoufindthemissingcoupleinthemountainyesterday?—No,butwe_________________(try)togetintouchwiththemeversince.hadleftcame

hadhoped

willhavewalked

havebeenaway

havebeentrying

4考點(diǎn)2

主動和被動英語中的及物動詞一般都有主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)兩種形式。主動語態(tài)是無標(biāo)記的,而被動語態(tài)則是有標(biāo)記的?？键c(diǎn)精講1

被動語態(tài)(一)被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)由助動詞be加及物動詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成。助動詞be隨著主語的人稱、數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)和語氣的不同而變化。被動語態(tài)的各種時(shí)態(tài)形式見下表：5完成have/hasbeendonehadbeendonewill/shallhavebeendonewould/shouldhavebeendone完成進(jìn)行have/hasbeenbeingdonehadbeenbeingdonewill/shallhavebeenbeingdonewould/shouldhavebeenbeingdone(二)被動語態(tài)的用法1.不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者,或沒有必要指明誰是動作的執(zhí)行者。PaperwasfirstinventedinChina.紙是中國首先發(fā)明的。6—Thewindowisdirty.—Iknow.Ithasn’tbeencleanedforweeks.——窗戶是臟的?！抑?。它已經(jīng)幾個(gè)星期沒被打掃過了。典例剖析Theyarelivingwiththeirparentsforthemomentbecausetheirownhouse_____.［2012四川卷］A.isbeingrebuiltB.hasbeenrebuiltC.isrebuiltD.hasrebuilt剖析考查動詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：他們現(xiàn)在暫時(shí)和父母一起居住,因?yàn)樗麄冏约旱姆孔诱谥亟?。根?jù)句意可知,應(yīng)使用進(jìn)行時(shí)；且house與動詞rebuilt之間為被動關(guān)系,故使用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的被動語態(tài)。選A。72.需要強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動作的承受者或事件本身。Alltheemployeesexceptthemanagerareencouragedtoworkonlineathome.所有的員工,除了經(jīng)理外都被鼓勵在家中在線工作。典例剖析—Haveyouheardaboutthatfireinthemarket?—Yes,fortunatelynoone____.［2012北京卷］A.HurtB.washurtC.hashurtD.hadbeenhurt剖析考查被動語態(tài)。發(fā)生在過去的被動動作。選B。3.在文章標(biāo)題、廣告、新聞中。Girlswanted.招女工。Millionsofpounds’worthofdamagehasbeencausedbyastormwhichsweptacrossthenorthofEnglandlastnight.8昨天晚上席卷英格蘭北部的一場大風(fēng)暴已經(jīng)造成數(shù)百萬英鎊的損害。4.當(dāng)動作的執(zhí)行者不是人時(shí)。Thenumberofdeathsfromheartdiseasewillbereducedgreatlyifpeoplearepersuadedtoeatmorefruitandvegetables.如果說服人們吃更多的水果和蔬菜,死于心臟病的人數(shù)將會大大降低。(三)注意短語動詞和含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)Thatoldmanwasoftenlaughedat.那位老人常受人嘲笑。Theplanwillbegivenup.那計(jì)劃就要被放棄了。Badhabitshavebeendoneawaywith.壞習(xí)慣已經(jīng)被改掉了。9注意：在短語動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)中,切不可丟掉后面的介詞或副詞Hemustbepreventedfromgoing.必須阻止他去。Theplanoughttobeputintopracticeassoonaspossible.計(jì)劃必須盡早執(zhí)行。(謂語結(jié)構(gòu)是：情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞)(四)“get+過去分詞”可以表示被動,此結(jié)構(gòu)比較口語化Shegotmarriedlastweek.她上周結(jié)婚了。Thepatientgottreatedonceaweek.那位病人一周得到一次治療。Hefelloffthecarandgotkilled.他從車上摔下來,死了。10典例剖析Mum,IwaswonderingifyoucouldlendmeafewdollarsuntilI_____onFriday.［2012遼寧卷］A.getpaidB.gotpaidC.havepaidD.hadbeenpaid剖析考查動詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。在時(shí)間狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來,且I與pay之間是動賓關(guān)系,所以選A。對應(yīng)訓(xùn)練用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空6.Insomepartsoftheworld,tea_________(serve)withmilkandsugar.7.Theboywhomyoulentthebiketo_________(hit)byacar.8.Lincoln___________(thinkof)asafriendoffreedom.isservedwashit

isthoughtof

119.Theteachertoldusthattheattractionoftheearthforallbodies________(call)gravity.10.Hewassocarelessasto___________(runover)yesterday.考點(diǎn)精講2

主動形式表被動意義(一)“系動詞look,sound,feel,smell,taste,appear,seem,go,prove,turn,stay,become,fall,get,grow,keep+形容詞／名詞”構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。Thesteelfeelscold.鋼鐵摸起來是涼的。Hisplanproved(tobe)practical.他的計(jì)劃證明是實(shí)用的。(二)表示開始、結(jié)束、運(yùn)動的動詞。如begin,finish,start,open,close,stop,end,shut,run,move等。iscalled

getrunover

12Workbeganat7o’clockthismorning.今天早上7點(diǎn)開始工作。Theshopclosesat6p.m.everyday.這家商店每天晚上6點(diǎn)關(guān)閉。(三)表示主語的某種屬性特征的動詞。如read,write,act,iron,cut,draw,drive,sell,wash,clean,wear,open,cook,lock,shut,dry,eat,drink。這類動詞一般不單獨(dú)使用,常有一個(gè)修飾語。Thiscoatdrieseasily.這種外衣容易干。Yourspeechreadswell.你的演講說得很好。Thismaterialhaswornthin.這個(gè)材料已經(jīng)磨薄了。13(四)少數(shù)動詞用于進(jìn)行時(shí),其主動形式表示被動含義。如print,cook,fry,hang,build,make等。Thebooksareprinting.這本書正在印刷中。Themeatiscooking.肉在煮。(五)“介詞in,on,under等+名詞”構(gòu)成介詞短語表被動意義：表示方位的介詞與含動作意義的名詞合用,含被動之意,其意義相當(dāng)于該名詞相應(yīng)動詞的被動形式,名詞前一般不用冠詞。常見的有：undercontrol(受控制),undertreatment(在治療中),underrepair(在修理中),underdiscussion(在討論中),underconstruction(在施工中),beyondbelief(令人難以置信),beyondone’sreach(鞭長14莫及),beyondone’scontrol(無法控制),beyondourhope(我們始料不及),forsale(出售),forrent(出租),inprint(在印刷中),insight(在視野范圍內(nèi)),onsale(出售),onshow(展出),ontrial(受審),outofcontrol(控制不了),outofsight(超出視線之外),outofone’sreach(夠不著),outoffashion(不流行)。Therumorisbeyondbelief.(=can’tbebelieved)該謠言令人難以置信。Todaysometreasuresareonshow(=beingshown)inthemuseum.今天一些珍寶正在博物館展出。(六)不能用于被動語態(tài)的及物動詞或動詞短語：fit,have,wish,cost,agreewith,arriveat／in,shakehandswith,succeedin,sufferfrom,happento,takepartin,walkinto,belongto等。如：15Thiskeyjustfitsthelock.這把鑰匙只開這把鎖。Yourstoryagreeswithwhathadalreadybeenheard.你的故事與我們聽說的一致。對應(yīng)訓(xùn)練翻譯下列句子11.這道菜嘗起來很香。________________________12.這門鎖不上。_______________________13.我的襯衫正掛在墻上。______________________________14.這篇文章讀起來很上口。_______________________Thisdishtastestasty．

Thedoorwon’tlock．

Myshirtishangingonthewall．

Thearticlereadswell．

1615.這個(gè)問題正在討論之中。(用介詞短語)_________________________________考點(diǎn)3

高考動詞時(shí)態(tài)易混點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)精講1

一般過去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法區(qū)別一般過去時(shí)所表示的一段過去時(shí)間是可以具體確定的,與其他時(shí)間沒有牽連。它所表示的事情純屬過去,與現(xiàn)在情況沒有聯(lián)系。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的事情發(fā)生在不能具體指出的以現(xiàn)在為參照點(diǎn)的過去某個(gè)或某段時(shí)間。它所表示的事情與現(xiàn)在情況有關(guān)系,是過去事情在現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在的影響。2.比較下面幾組句子,體會兩種時(shí)態(tài)的不同：Heservedinthearmyfrom1952to1954.他從1952年到1954年在軍隊(duì)服役。(這是過去的一件事)Theproblemisunderdiscussion．17Hehasservedinthearmyfor5years.他在軍隊(duì)服役5年了。(現(xiàn)在他仍在軍中服役,他仍是軍人)Hewrotemanyplayswhenhewasatcollege.他上大學(xué)時(shí),寫了許多劇本。(寫劇本是他過去做的事情)Hehaswrittenmanyplays.他已經(jīng)寫了許多劇本。(這意味著他是劇作家)IsawHerolastyear.去年我看了《英雄》。(看《英雄》的時(shí)間是去年,與現(xiàn)在無關(guān))IhaveseenHerobefore.以前我已經(jīng)看過《英雄》。(強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在知道這部電影的內(nèi)容。以前看過,但“以前”是表示一個(gè)與現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系的過去時(shí)間,而不是一個(gè)確定的與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)的過去時(shí)間)18典例剖析—Irememberyouwereatalentedpianistatcollege.Canyouplaythepianoforme?—Sorry,I_____thepianoforyears.［2012湖南卷］A.don’tplayB.wasn’tplayingC.haven’tplayedD.hadn’tplayed剖析考查動詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)remember,can可知語境為現(xiàn)在,foryears得出為從過去到現(xiàn)在,所以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。選C?？键c(diǎn)精講2

一般過去時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)的用法區(qū)別1.一般過去時(shí)是對現(xiàn)在說話時(shí)刻而言的,過去完成時(shí)則是對過去某一時(shí)刻而言。兩種時(shí)態(tài)建立的時(shí)間參照點(diǎn)不同,對過去完成時(shí)來說,這個(gè)時(shí)間參照點(diǎn)十分重要,它是過去完成概念賴以建立的基礎(chǔ),也是和一般過去時(shí)相區(qū)別的重要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。192.過去完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語常用by和before引導(dǎo)的短語表示,如bythattime,bytheendof,before2000,bythetime+句子等。典例剖析AfterJackhadsentsomee-mails,he_____workingonhisproject.［2012山東卷］A.hadstartedB.hasstartedC.startedD.starts剖析考查動詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)前半句的謂語動詞用了過去完成時(shí),可知后半句用一般過去時(shí),這樣才能符合“過去的過去”這一條件。句意：Jack發(fā)了幾份電子郵件之后,他才開始研究他的項(xiàng)目。選C?？键c(diǎn)精講3

過去完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法區(qū)別兩種時(shí)態(tài)都常與一段時(shí)間的狀語連用,但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的是延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或同現(xiàn)在有關(guān)的動作(句中不可有表示20過去特定時(shí)間的狀語),而過去完成時(shí)表示的是在過去某時(shí)之前已經(jīng)完成或延續(xù)到過去某時(shí)的動作(句中有表示過去特定時(shí)間的狀語)。2.比較下面的說法：Hehadbeenillforaweekbeforeshecameback.在她回來之前,他已經(jīng)病了一星期。(回來發(fā)生在過去某一時(shí)間,生病發(fā)生在過去的過去)Hehasbeenillforaweek.他已經(jīng)病了一個(gè)星期。(現(xiàn)在仍然病著)典例剖析—Alvin,areyoucomingwithus?—I’dloveto,butsomethingunexpected_____.

［2012浙江卷］A.hascomeupB.wascomingupC.hadcomeupD.wouldcomeup21剖析考查動詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句意：——艾琳,你要和我們一起去嗎?——我想去,但是發(fā)生了點(diǎn)意外?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生的動作或事情到現(xiàn)在為止,且對現(xiàn)在造成了一定的影響,符合語境,故答案選Ａ。wascomingup是過去進(jìn)行時(shí),表示過去某段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動作或所處的狀態(tài)；hadcomeup是過去完成時(shí)表示過去的過去；wouldcomeup是過去將來時(shí)表示過去將來要發(fā)生的事情,均不符合語境,故排除。對應(yīng)訓(xùn)練單項(xiàng)填空16.Thenewsuspensionbridge_____bytheendoflastmonth.A.hasbeendesignedB.hadbeendesignedC.wasdesignedD.wouldbedesignedB2217.—_____DavidandVicky_____married?—Foraboutthreeyears.A.Howlongwere；beingB.Howlonghave；gotC.Howlonghave；beenD.Howlongdid；get18.—IsawDaveintheliftthismorning.—Really?He_____aroundhereforalongtime.A.won’tbeseenB.wasn’tseeC.hasn’tbeenseenD.hadn’tbeenseen19.HeworksinChinanow,buthe_____inAfricaforeightyears.A.workedB.hasworkedC.hadworkedD.hasbeenworkingCDA23單項(xiàng)填空1.Don’tworry.Thehardworkthatyoudonow_____laterinlife.［2012湖南卷］A.willberepaidB.wasbeingrepaidC.hasbeenrepaidD.wasrepaid2.Themanager_____theworkershowtoimprovetheprogramsince9a.m..［2012全國Ⅱ］A.hastoldB.istellingC.hasbeentellingD.willhavetold3.Afterschoolwewenttothereading-roomtodosomereading,onlytobetoldthatit_____.［2012安徽卷］A.wasdecoratedB.haddecoratedC.hadbeendecoratingD.wasbeingdecoratedACD244.Thelettersfortheboss_____onhisdeskbuthedidn’treadthemuntilthreedayslater.［2012天津卷］A.wereputB.wasputC.putD.hasput5.“Lifeislikewalkinginthesnow,”Grannyusedtosay,“becauseeverystep_____.”［2012全國新課標(biāo)卷］A.hasshownB.isshowingC.showsD.showed6.Bythetimeyouhavefinishedthisbook,yourmeal_____cold.［2012北京卷］A.getsB.hasgotC.willgetD.isgetting7.WhenAlicecameto,shedidnotknowhowlongshe_____there.［2011全國卷］A.hadbeenlyingB.hasbeenlyingC.waslyingD.haslainACCA258.Experimentsofthiskind_____inboththeU.S.andEuropewellbeforetheSecondWorldWar.

［2011北京卷］A.haveconductedB.havebeenconductedC.hadconductedD.hadbeenconducted9.Tom_____inthelibraryeverynightoverthelastthreemonths.［2011北京卷］A.worksB.workedC.hasbeenworkingD.hadbeenworking10.Inthelastfewyearsthousandsoffilms_____allovertheworld.［2011天津卷］A.haveproducedB.havebeenproducedC.areproducingD.arebeingproducedDCB2611.Alotofpeopleoftenforgetthatoralexams_____totestourcommunicativeability.［2011上海春招］A.designB.aredesignedC.aredesigningD.arebeingdesigned12.Shewassurprisedtofindthefridgeempty;thechild_____everything!［2011山東卷］A.hadbeeneatingB.hadeatenC.haveeatenD.havebeeneating13.Inthenearfuture,moreadvancesintherobottechnology_____byscientists.［2011湖南卷］A.aremakingB.aremadeC.willmakeD.willbemade14.LookattheprideonTom’sface.He_____tohavebeenpraisedbythemanagerjustnow.［2011重慶卷］A.seemedB.seemsC.hadseemedD.isseemingBBDB2715.Hisfirstnovel_____goodreviewssinceitcameoutlastmonth.［2011陜西卷］A.receivesB.isreceivingC.willreceiveD.hasreceived

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繼續(xù)D28It’safairlycommonphenomenonamongusstudents.Withthecollegeentranceexaminationapproaching,manystudentsaresufferingfromexamanxiety.Someofthestudentsfeelnervousbecausetheyarenotwellpreparedfortheexam.Somefeeldizzybecausetheystayuptoolate.Othersjustpaytoomuchattentiontotheresults.Ifyouhavethesesymptoms,it’stimeforyoutotakeeffectivemeasurestodealwiththem.Firstly,makegooduseoftimetofullyprepareyourlessons.Secondly,haveenoughsleepbeforeexamsandyouwillperformwellinexams.Thirdly,havetherightattitudetoexamsandkeepacalmstateofmind.Ibelieveifyoutakethese,successwillbeyours.29對應(yīng)訓(xùn)練請你根據(jù)所給漫畫用英語寫一篇短文。短文內(nèi)容應(yīng)該包括以下三個(gè)方面：1.描述這幅漫畫的內(nèi)容；2.是否同意他們的教育方式,并陳述理由；3.對家庭教育提出建議。30審題構(gòu)思：_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________擬關(guān)鍵詞：_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________構(gòu)建句式：_______________________________________________________________________________