考研考博-英語(yǔ)-臺(tái)州科技職業(yè)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-臺(tái)州科技職業(yè)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Somelinguistsbelievethatthe（）ageforchildrenlearningaforeignlanguageis5to8.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.optimistic

B.optional

C.optimal

D.oppressed

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)optimistic“樂(lè)觀的，樂(lè)觀主義的”；B選項(xiàng)optional“可選擇的，隨意的”；C選項(xiàng)optimal“最佳的，最理想的”；D選項(xiàng)oppressed“受壓制的，受壓迫的”。句意：一些語(yǔ)言學(xué)家認(rèn)為兒童學(xué)習(xí)外語(yǔ)的（）年齡是5到8歲。本句表示“兒童學(xué)習(xí)外語(yǔ)的最佳年齡”，因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.單選題

Earlyinthesixteenthcentury,FrancisBaconproposedthatscienceconsistedintheelevationoftheauthorityofexperimentandobservationoverthatofreason,intuition,andconvention.Baconthoughtthatasmoreandmorereliableandpreciseparticularfacts,accumulate,theycanbeclassifiedandgeneralized,resultinginanever-expandinghierarchyofuseful“axioms”.Thisiswhathemeantby“induction”.

Althoughmanypeopletodaycontinuetoregardthecollectionoffactsandtheirarrangementbyinductionintotheoriesastheheartofscientificmethod,Bacon’sconceptionofwhatfactsandtheoriesareandoftherelationshipbetweenthemwashopelesslyunrealisticeveninhisowntime.ThemostimportantearlyscientificdiscoveriessuchasthosemadebyGalileoaboutthemovementoftheearth,byKepplerabouttheellipticalshape,ofplanetaryorbits,andlaterbyNewtonaboutthe“force”ofgravity——couldneverhavebeenmadeifBacon’sruleshadprevailed.

Determinedtoavoidallprematurespeculations,Baconproposedthatdatagatheringbecarriedoutbyilliterateassistantswithnointerestinwhetheranexperimentturnedoutonewayoranother.Plainfacts,properlyarranged,wouldautomaticallyleadtocertainknowledgeoftheuniverse.Nothingcouldbemoremisrepresentativeoftheactualproblem-solvingtechniquesofthescientificmethod.ThatplainfactsdonotspeakforthemselvesisevidentfromBacon’sownacceptanceoftheerrorscontainedinwhatappearedtobethemost“obvious”offacts.ForBacon,thattheearthdidnotmovewasafactbecauseitcouldbeseennottomove;andforBaconitwasafactthatlifewasbeingspontaneouslygeneratedbecausemaggotsalwaysdevelopedinputridfleshandfrogsappearedaftereveryrain.

WhatisclearisthatthegreatbreakthroughsofNewton,Darwin,orMarxcouldneverhavebeenachievedsolelyonthebasisofBaconianfactgathering.Factsarealwaysunreliablewithouttheorieswhichguidetheircollectionandwhichdistinguishbetweensuperficialandsignificantappearances.

21.AccordingtoBacon,facts（）.

22.Datacollectionshouldbeperformedbyilliterateassistants,（）.

23.AccordingtoBacon,knowledgecanbeobtained（）.

24.Spontaneousgenerationoflife（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.aredeterminedbyobservations

B.canonlybeunderstoodthroughlogicalreasoning

C.haveahierarchy

D.aregatheredbyilliterateassistants

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.accordingtoBacon,asitledtospeculation

B.accordingtoBacon,topreventtheoriesfrombeingformulatedoninsufficientdata

C.wasanotionBaconstronglyopposed

D.wasanotionrejectedonthegroundsthatitledtoprematurespeculations

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.bysubjectingtheoriestorigorouslogicalanalysis

B.notthroughpoliticalorreligiousdogmas,butthroughreason

C.byobservationalone

D.throughtheinductivemethod

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.wasaknownfactinBacon'stime

B.isverifiedbymaggotsinputridflesh

C.ismoreapparentthanreal

D.isaspeculationwhichhasnobasisinobservation

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

【解析】21.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)“FrancisBaconproposedthatscienceconsistedintheelevationoftheauthorityofexperimentandobservationoverthatofreason,intuition,andconvention.（培根（FrancisBacon）提出，科學(xué)在于提高實(shí)驗(yàn)和觀察的權(quán)威，而不是理性、直覺(jué)和慣例的權(quán)威。）”即可合理推斷得出本題答案。

22.

細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“illiterateassistants”“datacollection”，可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第二段第一句，“Althoughmanypeopletodaycontinuetoregardthecollectionoffactsandtheirarrangementbyinductionintotheoriesastheheartofscientificmethod,Bacon’sconceptionofwhatfactsandtheoriesareandoftherelationshipbetweenthemwashopelesslyunrealisticeveninhisowntime.（盡管今天許多人仍然把收集事實(shí)并把它們歸納成理論作為科學(xué)方法的核心，但是培根關(guān)于事實(shí)和理論是什么以及它們之間的關(guān)系的概念，即使在他那個(gè)時(shí)代也是完全不切實(shí)際的。）”從而得出本題答案。

23.

細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干信息，可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第一段第二句和第三句?！癇aconthoughtthatasmoreandmorereliableandpreciseparticularfacts,accumulate,theycanbeclassifiedandgeneralized,resultinginanever-expandinghierarchyofuseful‘a(chǎn)xioms’.Thisiswhathemeantby‘induction’.（培根認(rèn)為，隨著越來(lái)越可靠和精確的特定事實(shí)的積累，它們可以被分類和概括，從而形成一個(gè)不斷擴(kuò)大的有用的‘公理’層次結(jié)構(gòu)。這就是他所說(shuō)的‘歸納法’。）”從而得出本題答案。

24.

細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干信息，可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文最后一段最后一句，“Factsarealwaysunreliablewithouttheorieswhichguidetheircollectionandwhichdistinguishbetweensuperficialandsignificantappearances.（若沒(méi)有理論指導(dǎo)事實(shí)的收集，沒(méi)有理論區(qū)分表面現(xiàn)象和重要現(xiàn)象，那么事實(shí)總是不可靠的。）”從而可進(jìn)行合理推斷得出本題答案。

3.單選題

Thepolicewerealertedthattheescapedcriminalmightbeinthe______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.vain

B.vicinity

C.court

D.jail

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)vain“徒勞的，無(wú)結(jié)果的”，B項(xiàng)vicinity“鄰近，附近”，C項(xiàng)court“法庭”，D項(xiàng)jail“監(jiān)獄”。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處是一個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，A項(xiàng)可排除；結(jié)合關(guān)鍵詞escapedcriminal“逃犯”可知，B項(xiàng)最符合語(yǔ)境，inthevicinity表示“在附近”。句意：警察都十分警惕，因?yàn)樘臃妇驮诟浇Ｒ虼?，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

4.翻譯題

Ineconomicsthemostfundamentalofthesecentralproblemsisthetheoryofvalue.Thetheoryofvaluemustexplainhowthecomparativevaluesofdifferentgoodsandservicesareestablished.Untilthatproblemissolved,itisnotpossibletoanalysesforscientificpurposeswhatwillbeproducedandinwhatquantities,howtheresourceswillbeemployedinproducingthemenuofoutputs,andhowtheresourceswillbevalued.Withoutatheoryofvaluetheeconomistscanhavenotheoryofinternationaltradeorpossiblyatheoryofmoney.Thiscentralproblemofvaluedoesnotchangeinitsessentialconcernifoneseekstoexplainvaluesinruralorurbansocieties,orinagriculturalorindustrialsocieties.

【答案】在經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)中，這些核心問(wèn)題的最基本部分是價(jià)值理論。價(jià)值理論必須解釋出不同商品和服務(wù)的比較值是怎樣生成的。只有這個(gè)問(wèn)題解決了才有可能從科學(xué)的目的去分析生產(chǎn)什么產(chǎn)品、生產(chǎn)數(shù)量和生產(chǎn)項(xiàng)目單上的這些產(chǎn)品需要雇用多少勞力，以及怎樣利用以實(shí)現(xiàn)這些勞力的最大價(jià)值。沒(méi)有價(jià)值論，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家就不會(huì)知道國(guó)際貿(mào)易理論，可能也不會(huì)知道貨幣理論。如果人們?cè)噲D從農(nóng)村城市社會(huì)或是農(nóng)業(yè)工業(yè)社會(huì)去解釋價(jià)值，則基本上價(jià)值的核心問(wèn)題不會(huì)改變。

5.單選題

Lightislessvitaltoanimalsthanitistoplants;（）mostanimalstendtoshunthelightratherthantowelcomeit.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.forinstance

B.indeed

C.thatis

D.therefore

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞和詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)forinstance“例如”；B選項(xiàng)indeed“的確；事實(shí)上；甚至”；C選項(xiàng)thatis“即；就是說(shuō)；換言之”；D選項(xiàng)therefore“因此；所以”。句意：光對(duì)動(dòng)物的重要性不如對(duì)植物；事實(shí)上，大多數(shù)動(dòng)物傾向于回避光明，而不是歡迎它?？崭窈蟮膬?nèi)容“mostanimalstendtoshunthelightratherthantowelcomeit大多數(shù)動(dòng)物傾向于避開(kāi)光明而不是歡迎它”是對(duì)空格前句子的進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明，因此“事實(shí)上”符合語(yǔ)境，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Youdon’thavetotakeallthecoursesifyouhavenointerestinthem.Theyare（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.optional

B.optical

C.elementary

D.critical

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)optional“可選擇的”；B選項(xiàng)optical“光學(xué)的；視覺(jué)的”；C選項(xiàng)elementary“基本的；初級(jí)的”；D選項(xiàng)critical“至關(guān)重要的”。句意：如果你對(duì)這些課程不感興趣的話，那么你不必全部都上。它們是……。不必上所有的課程，因?yàn)樗鼈兪强梢赃x修的。故選A。

7.單選題

Thecontractbetweenthecompanieswill（）attheendoftheyear.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.expire

B.exceed

C.terminate

D.cease

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。expire“期滿，短期”；exceed“超過(guò)，勝過(guò)”；terminate“使終止，使結(jié)束”；cease“停止，結(jié)束”。句意：兩個(gè)公司的合同年底將到期。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

8.單選題

Ifeelthathissubjectgainsalotfromtheattractive（

）ofthematter.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.presentation

B.preparation

C.preference

D.potential

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。presentation“展示，陳述”；preparation“預(yù)備，準(zhǔn)備”；preference“偏愛(ài)，傾向，優(yōu)先權(quán)”；potential“潛能，可能性”。

句意：我覺(jué)得他的話題從他對(duì)問(wèn)題吸引人的陳述方式中獲益很多。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

9.單選題

Therehasbeenacollision（）anumberofcarsonthemainroadtotown.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.composing

B.consisting

C.involving

D.engaging

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。compose“組成，構(gòu)成”；consist“由…組成”；involve“包含，涉及”；engage“雇傭，參加”。句意：在通往小鎮(zhèn)的主路上發(fā)生了一起碰撞，涉及到許多小轎車。C項(xiàng)符合題意。

10.單選題

Ifauniondecidedtorepudiateastrike,ithadtowritetoallitsmemberstakingpartinthestriketotellthemthattheunionwouldgivenosupport,and（）theyriskeddismissalwithoutcompensation（）thestrikecontinued.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.that...when

B.what...if

C.why...when

D.that...if

【答案】D

【解析】語(yǔ)法題。根據(jù)題意，可知第一個(gè)空格需填入一個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞，和and前一句中的that從句構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系，作動(dòng)詞tell的賓語(yǔ)，所以填入that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，選項(xiàng)B和C可排除。第二空格引導(dǎo)的從句是前面主句的條件，句意：如果罷工繼續(xù)下去，他們有被解雇而得不到補(bǔ)償?shù)娘L(fēng)險(xiǎn)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

11.單選題

Theviolent（）ofhisyouthreappearedandwasdirectednotonlyatthearmy,butathiswifeatall.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.impatience

B.character

C.temper

D.quality

【答案】C

【解析】impatience急躁，不耐煩；character性質(zhì)，品格；temper脾氣，性情，傾向；quality品質(zhì)，特性。句意：他年輕時(shí)的暴躁脾氣又出現(xiàn)了，不僅是在軍隊(duì)，而且對(duì)他的妻子也是一樣。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

12.單選題

Theseancientruinsaretheonlymemoryleftofamightyking.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.greedy

B.powerful

C.stern

D.hasty

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。mighty表示“有力的，強(qiáng)有力的”；A項(xiàng)greedy“貪婪的，渴望的”，B項(xiàng)powerful“有力的”，C項(xiàng)stern“嚴(yán)厲的，堅(jiān)定的”，D項(xiàng)hasty“輕率的，匆忙的”。句意：這些古老的廢墟是一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的國(guó)王僅存的記憶。根據(jù)句意可知，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

13.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Britainmaynothaveproducedadownhillskiingchampion,butthereis(1)areaofthesportinwhichitisaleader:dry-skiing.Asa(2)ofthis,moreman-madeskislopesarefoundherethanintherestoftheworld.Thefirstdryslopewas(3)inLondonthirty-fiveyearsago.NowthereareahundredandfiftyslopesinBritainstartingfromthe(4)sizeof30metrestooneof471metresjustoutsideEdinburgh.Thebiggercentres(5)likegolf(6)squashclubsbecausetheyoffertheirmembersafull(7)ofwell-organisedfacilities.

Manypeoplewantto(8)thedry-skicentresbecausetheyareclosetothecities.Forthosewhohavenever(9)before,theycan(10)doubtsavealotoftimeandmoneybygoingtooneofthecentresforbeginners.Instructorswillgo(11)theequipmentandteachthe(12)skillsofskiing.Forthosethatcanski,itisa(n)(13)goodwayofkeepingfitandpracticingnewtechniques.Formany(14)skiersithas(15)apartoftheirentertainment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.yet

B.still

C.then

D.already

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.development

B.conclusion

C.proof

D.result

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.built

B.prepared

C.formed

D.created

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.biggest

B.longest

C.smallest

D.widest

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.perform

B.instruct

C.operate

D.conduct

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.otherwise

B.besides

C.either

D.or

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.range

B.row

C.variety

D.area

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.do

B.use

C.go

D.find

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.skied

B.skated

C.climbed

D.hiked

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.with

B.in

C.without

D.of

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.to

B.under

C.round

D.over

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.thorough

B.minimum

C.true

D.basic

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.rarely

B.really

C.excellent

D.seldom

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.regular

B.reliable

C.continuous

D.continual

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.made

B.become

C.developed

D.achieved

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:C

第6題:D

第7題:A

第8題:C

第9題:A

第10題:C

第11題:D

第12題:D

第13題:A

第14題:A

第15題:B

【解析】1.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)yet“但是”；B選項(xiàng)still“仍然”；C選項(xiàng)then“那么”；D選項(xiàng)already“已經(jīng)”。句意：但在另一個(gè)領(lǐng)域，英國(guó)仍是領(lǐng)先者。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)development“發(fā)展”；B選項(xiàng)conclusion“結(jié)論”；C選項(xiàng)proof“證明”；D選項(xiàng)result“結(jié)果”。句意：因此，這里的人造滑雪坡道比世界其他地方都多。asaresultof是固定搭配，表示“作為……的結(jié)果”。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)built“建造”；B選項(xiàng)prepared“準(zhǔn)備”；C選項(xiàng)formed“形成”；D選項(xiàng)created“創(chuàng)造”。句意：第一個(gè)人工滑雪場(chǎng)是35年前在倫敦修建的。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)biggest“最大的”；B選項(xiàng)longest“最長(zhǎng)的”；C選項(xiàng)smallest“最小的”；D選項(xiàng)widest“最寬的”。句意：從最小的30米到愛(ài)丁堡外的471米。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)perform“表演”；B選項(xiàng)instruct“指導(dǎo)”；C選項(xiàng)operate“運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)”；D選項(xiàng)conduct“實(shí)施”。句意：更大的中心像高爾夫或壁球俱樂(lè)部一樣運(yùn)作。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】考查連詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)otherwise“否則”；B選項(xiàng)besides“此外”；C選項(xiàng)either“而且”；D選項(xiàng)or“或者”。句意：更大的中心像高爾夫或壁球俱樂(lè)部一樣運(yùn)作。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)range“范圍”；B選項(xiàng)row“行，排”；C選項(xiàng)variety“多樣”；D選項(xiàng)area“區(qū)域”。句意：因?yàn)樗鼈優(yōu)闀?huì)員提供全套組織良好的設(shè)施。afullrangeof是固定搭配，表示“全方位的，全系列的”。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)do“做”；B選項(xiàng)use“使用”；C選項(xiàng)go“去”；D選項(xiàng)find“找到”。句意：許多人想去人工滑雪場(chǎng)中心。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)skied“滑雪”；B選項(xiàng)skated“滑冰”；C選項(xiàng)climbed“攀登”；D選項(xiàng)hiked“遠(yuǎn)足”。句意：對(duì)于那些從來(lái)沒(méi)有滑過(guò)雪的人來(lái)說(shuō)。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

10.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】考查介詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)with“和……一起”；B選項(xiàng)in“在……中”；C選項(xiàng)without“沒(méi)有”；D選項(xiàng)of“屬于”。句意：去一個(gè)初學(xué)者中心無(wú)疑可以節(jié)省很多時(shí)間和金錢。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

11.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)goto“轉(zhuǎn)到”；B選項(xiàng)gounder“沉沒(méi)”；C選項(xiàng)goround“到處走動(dòng)”；D選項(xiàng)goover“檢查”。句意：教練將檢查設(shè)備并教授滑雪技巧。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

12.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)thorough“徹底的”；B選項(xiàng)minimum“最小的”；C選項(xiàng)true“真實(shí)的”；D選項(xiàng)basic“基本的”。句意：教練將檢查設(shè)備并教授基本滑雪技巧。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

13.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)rarely“很少地”；B選項(xiàng)really“真正地”；C選項(xiàng)excellent“卓越的”；D選項(xiàng)seldom“很少”，表示頻率。句意：對(duì)于那些會(huì)滑雪的人來(lái)說(shuō)，這不是一種保持身體健康和練習(xí)新技術(shù)的好方法。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

14.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)regular“經(jīng)常的”；B選項(xiàng)reliable“可靠的”；C選項(xiàng)continuous“連續(xù)的”；D選項(xiàng)continual“持續(xù)不斷的”。句意：對(duì)于許多經(jīng)?；┑娜藖?lái)說(shuō)。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

15.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)made“制造”；B選項(xiàng)become“成為”；C選項(xiàng)developed“發(fā)展”；D選項(xiàng)achieved“達(dá)到”。句意：這已經(jīng)成為他們娛樂(lè)的一部分。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

14.翻譯題

1.NaggingconcernsabouttheglobaleconomicdownturnandrisingunemploymentareforcingmanyyoungBritonstothinktwiceabouttyingtheknotthisyear,athink-tanksaidonSaturday.

Almost80percentofyoungBritishcoupleslivingtogetherwanttogetmarried,thethinktankCivitassaid,butwouldreconsidertheirweddingplansduetoincreasingjoblossesascompaniescutcostsandlayoffworkers.

2.“Astherecessionbitesit’sgoingtobeharderforpartnerstomakethatcommitment—withoutfinancialstabilityandjobstheywon’thavetheconfidencetosay‘Ido’,”thedirectoroffamilyandeducationatCivitas,said.

Thestudy,whichsurveyed1,560adultsagedbetween20to35,alsofoundthatfor50percentofthepeoplemakingacommitmentwasthemostThestudy,whichsurveyed1,560adultsagedbetween20to35,alsofoundthatfor50percentofthepeoplemakingacommitmentwasthemostimportantreasontogetmarried,andonlytwopercentconsideredmarriagefortaxadvantages.

“Ifmyboyfriendaskedmenow,thenIwouldstillsay‘yes’,butIwouldn’twastemymoneyforahigh-profilewedding,”JennyBrown,anemployeeworksinLondon’scentralfinancialdistrict.

ButDeWaalsaidtherecessionwouldhaveaseriousimpactonplanningalifetogether.

“Thisisnotaboutbeingabletoaffordafancyweddingdressfor10,000poundsornot.”

3.ABritishSocialAttitudessurveyinJanuaryfoundthatyoungpeopleshowedalesstraditionalattitudetowardsmarriageandwouldputtheircareersfirst.

About40percentofpeopleagedbetween18to34saidmarriagewasstillthe“bestkindofrelationship,”comparedwith84percentofpeopleaged65andover,itsaid.

【答案】1.英國(guó)一家智庫(kù)機(jī)構(gòu)上周六稱，對(duì)全球經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退的擔(dān)憂和不斷上升的失業(yè)率讓英國(guó)很多年輕人不得不重新考慮結(jié)婚計(jì)劃。

2.Civitas家庭和教育事務(wù)主管阿納斯塔西婭?德瓦爾說(shuō)：“受經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退的影響，下決心結(jié)婚也將變得更加困難，沒(méi)有穩(wěn)定的收入和工作，人們沒(méi)有信心說(shuō)‘我愿意’”。

3.今年1月開(kāi)展的一項(xiàng)“英國(guó)社會(huì)態(tài)度”調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，年輕人對(duì)婚姻的態(tài)度已經(jīng)不那么傳統(tǒng)了，他們傾向于將職業(yè)發(fā)展放在首位。

15.單選題

Aremarkablevarietyofinsectsliveinthisplanet.Morespeciesofinsectsexistthanallotheranimalspeciestogether.Insectshavesurvivedonearthformorethan300millionyears,andmaypossesstheabilitytosurviveformillionsmore.

Insectscanbefoundalmosteverywhere—onthehighestmountainsandonthebottomofrushingstreams,inthecoldSouthPoleandinbubblinghotsprings.Theydigthroughtheground,jumpandsinginthetrees,andrunanddanceintheair.Theycomeinmanydifferentcolorsandvariousshapes.Insectsareextremelyusefultohumans,pollinatingourcropsaswellasflowersinmeadows,forests,desertsandotherareas.Butlicksandsomeinsects,suchasmosquitoesandfleas,cantransmitdisease.

Therearemanyreasonswhyinsectsaresosuccessfulatsurviving.Theiramazingabilitytoadaptpermitsthemtoliveinextremerangesoftemperaturesandenvironments.Theoneplacetheyhavenotyetbeenfoundtoanymajorextentisintheopenoceans.Insectscansurviveonawiderange,ofnaturalandartificialfoods—paint,pepper,glue,books,grain,cotton,otherinsects,plantsandanimals.Becausetheyaresmalltheycanhideintinyspaces.

Astrong,hardbutflexibleshellcoverstheirsoftorgansandisresistanttochemicals,waterandphysicalimpact.Theirwingsgivethemtheoptionofflyingawayfromdangeroussituationsortowardfoodormales.Also,insectshaveanenormousreproductivecapacity:AnAfricanantqueencanlayasmanyas43,000eggsaday.

Anotherreasonfortheirsuccessisthestrategyofprotectivecolor.Aninsectmayberightbeforeoureyes,butnearlyinvisiblebecauseitiscleverlydisguisedlikeagreenleaf,lumpofbrownsoil,graylichen,aseedorsomeothernaturalobject.Someinsectsusebright,boldcolorstosendwarningsignalsthattheytastebad,stingorarepoison.Othershavewingpatternsthatlookliketheeyesofahugepredator,bitter-tastinginsects;hungryenemiesarefooledintoavoidingthem.

26.InsectscanbefoundinlargeamountsinthefollowingplacesEXCEPT______.

27.Insectsprotectthemselvesfromchemicalsby______.

28.Someinsectsdisguiselikenaturalobjectssoasto______.

29.Thepassagementionsthatinsects______.

30.Thepassageismainlyabout______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.onthemountainswithlittleair

B.inthecoldpolarareas

C.inthehotdesertareas

D.intheopenoceans

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.hidingintinyspaces

B.havingastrongshell

C.flyingawaywhennecessary

D.changingcolorsorshapes

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.frightenawaytheirenemies

B.avoidbeingdiscovered

C.sendwarmingsignals

D.lookbitter-tasting

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.canbefoundinanyextremeenvironments

B.havesurvivedlongerthananyothercreatures

C.canbefedonanynaturalorman-madefoods

D.areimportantforthegrowthofcropsandflowers

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.howinsectssurviveindifferentplaces

B.whyinsectscansurvivesosuccessfully

C.whatinsectscandototheenvironment

D.whereinsectscanbefoundinquantity

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】26.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意思是“除……外，在以下地方可以看到大量昆蟲(chóng)”。文章第二段及第三段都提及昆蟲(chóng)大量生長(zhǎng)的地方，其中第三段第三句提到Theoneplacetheyhavenotyetbeenfoundtoanymajorextentisintheopenoceans.（迄今為止，有一個(gè)地方還沒(méi)有在很大程度上發(fā)現(xiàn)它們，那就是在廣闊的海洋中），所以D項(xiàng)“在廣闊的海洋中”正確。A項(xiàng)“在空氣稀薄的山上”、B項(xiàng)“在寒冷的極地地區(qū)”和C項(xiàng)“在炎熱的沙漠地區(qū)”在第二段都提到了，屬于反向干擾。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

27.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意思是“昆蟲(chóng)通過(guò)……保護(hù)自己免受化學(xué)物質(zhì)的侵害”。定位第四段第一句Astrong,hardbutflexibleshellcoverstheirsoftorgansandisresistanttochemicals,waterandphysicalimpact.（一個(gè)堅(jiān)固、堅(jiān)硬但有彈性的外殼覆蓋著它們的軟器官，可以抵抗化學(xué)物質(zhì)、水和物理沖擊），protect…from…是對(duì)resistantto的同義替換，所以B項(xiàng)“擁有一個(gè)堅(jiān)固的外殼”正確。A項(xiàng)“躲在狹小的空間里”是昆蟲(chóng)可以在各種各樣的天然和人工食物中生存的原因，該項(xiàng)張冠李戴。C項(xiàng)“在必要時(shí)飛走”和D項(xiàng)“改變顏色和形狀”也不是昆蟲(chóng)免受化學(xué)物質(zhì)傷害的原因，屬于出處錯(cuò)位。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

28.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“有些昆蟲(chóng)偽裝成自然物體以便……”。定位最后一段第二句Aninsectmayberightbeforeoureyes,butnearlyinvisiblebecauseitiscleverlydisguisedlikeagreenleaf,lumpofbrownsoil,graylichen,aseedorsomeothernaturalobject.（昆蟲(chóng)可能就在我們眼前，但幾乎看不見(jiàn)，因?yàn)樗磺擅畹貍窝b成一片綠葉、一塊棕色的土壤、灰色的地衣、一粒種子或其他自然物體），其中nearlyinvisible表明昆蟲(chóng)偽裝是為了不被發(fā)現(xiàn)，所以B項(xiàng)“避免被發(fā)現(xiàn)”正確。A項(xiàng)“嚇走他們的敵人”、C項(xiàng)“發(fā)出警告信號(hào)”和D項(xiàng)“看起來(lái)是有苦味”都是昆蟲(chóng)偽裝的目的，但是都與偽裝成自然物體無(wú)關(guān)，屬于出處錯(cuò)位。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

29.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“這篇文章提到了昆蟲(chóng)……”。定位第二段倒數(shù)第二句Insectsareextremelyusefultohumans,pollinatingourcropsaswellasflowersinmeadows,forests,desertsandotherareas.（昆蟲(chóng)對(duì)人類非常有用，在草地、森林、沙漠和其他地區(qū)，昆蟲(chóng)為我們的作物和花朵授粉），由useful及分詞結(jié)構(gòu)pollinating可推斷昆蟲(chóng)對(duì)植物的生長(zhǎng)有益處，D項(xiàng)“對(duì)農(nóng)作物和花卉的生長(zhǎng)很重要”正確。定位到第三段第二句和第三句Theiramazingabilitytoadaptpermitsthemtoliveinextremerangesoftemperaturesandenvironments.Theoneplacetheyhavenotyetbeenfoundtoanymajorextentisintheopenoceans.（它們驚人的適應(yīng)能力使它們能夠在極端的溫度和環(huán)境中生活。迄今為止，有一個(gè)地方還沒(méi)有在很大程度上發(fā)現(xiàn)它們，那就是在廣闊的海洋中。）可知，昆蟲(chóng)雖然能在極端的溫度和環(huán)境中生存，但不是在任何環(huán)境中。A項(xiàng)“在任何極端環(huán)境中都能找到”曲解原文。定位文章第一段最后一句Insectshavesurvivedonearthformorethan300millionyears,andmaypossesstheabilitytosurviveformillionsmore.（昆蟲(chóng)已經(jīng)在地球上生存了3億年多，并且可能有能力再存活數(shù)百萬(wàn)年）可知，文章雖在開(kāi)頭指出昆蟲(chóng)存活的年代久遠(yuǎn)，但全文未提到它是存活時(shí)間最長(zhǎng)的生物，所以B項(xiàng)“比其他任何生物存活的時(shí)間都長(zhǎng)”無(wú)中生有。定位第三段倒數(shù)第二句Insectscansurviveonawiderange,ofnaturalandartificialfoods—paint,pepper,glue,books,grain,cotton,otherinsects,plantsandanimals.（昆蟲(chóng)可以在各種各樣的天然和人工食物中生存：油漆、胡椒、膠水、書籍、谷物、棉花以及其他昆蟲(chóng)、植物和動(dòng)物），雖然提到昆蟲(chóng)可以在各種各樣的天然和人工食物中生存，但只是awiderangeof，這與C項(xiàng)“可以吃任何天然的或人造的食物”中的any不符，屬于曲解原文。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

30.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“這篇文章主要是關(guān)于……”。本文前兩段首先描述了昆蟲(chóng)生存了很長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間，并能在各種地方生長(zhǎng)，然后第三段引出文章要討論的重點(diǎn)，即昆蟲(chóng)為什么能成功存活，定位第三段第一句Therearemanyreasonswhyinsectsaresosuccessfulatsurviving.（昆蟲(chóng)如此成功的生存有很多原因），該句為本文的中心句，所以B項(xiàng)“為什么昆蟲(chóng)可以如此成功地生存”正確。A項(xiàng)“昆蟲(chóng)如何在不同的地方生存”和D項(xiàng)“能大量發(fā)現(xiàn)昆蟲(chóng)的地方”以偏概全。C項(xiàng)“昆蟲(chóng)對(duì)環(huán)境的影響”沒(méi)有提到，屬于無(wú)中生有。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

16.單選題

Theageofthegeneralpractitionerisover.Moreandmoregraduatesofmedicalschoolstendto（

）,thatis,toconcentrateonlimitedareasoftheirresearch.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.generalize

B.rationalize

C.study

D.specialize

【答案】D

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。generalize“概括”；rationalize“使合理化”；study“研究，學(xué)習(xí)”；specialize“專攻”。句意：全科醫(yī)生的時(shí)代過(guò)去了。越來(lái)越多的醫(yī)科學(xué)校的畢業(yè)生傾向于專攻，即專心把精力集中在有限的領(lǐng)域。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

17.單選題

Ideasabout“spoiling”childrenhawalwaysinvolvedconsiderationofjustwhatisaspoiledchild,howdoesspoilingoccur,andwhataretheconsequencesofspoiling.Theyhavealwaysincludedconceptsofachild’snatureandconceptsoftheidealchildandtheidealadults.

Themanymothersof1820whobelongedtotheearly“maternalassociations”struggledtoupholdtheideasaboutchildraisingthathadbeenprevalentintheeighteenthcentury.Theyhadalwaysbeentoldthatthespoiledchildstoodindangerofhavingtroublelaterinlife(whenexposedtoallthetemptationoftheworld)and,moreimportantly,stoodindangerofspiritualruin.

Atfirst,theonlyapproachthesemotherknewwasto“breakthewill”ofthechild.Thisapproach,cominginitiallyfromthetheologyofCalvin,theFrenchProtestantreformer,wasinheritedfromthesternoutlookofthePuritans.Asonemotherwrote“Nochildhaseverbeenknown,sincetheearliestperiodoftheworld,destituteofanevildisposition-howeversweetitappears.”Infantdepravity,bywhichwasmeantthechild’simpulses,couldbecurbedonlybybreakingthewillsothatthechildsubmittedimplicitlytoparentalguidance.

In1834,amotherdescribedthistechnique:Uponthefather’sorder,her16-month-olddaughterhadrefusedtosay“DearMama”,sothetoddlerwasaloneinaroomwhereshescreamedwildlyfortenminutes.Afterthetenminutes,thechildwascommandedagain,andagainsherefused,soshewaswhippedandorderedagain.Thiscontinuedforfourhoursuntilthechildfinallyobeyed.Parentscommonlyreportedthatafteronesuchtrialof“will”,thechildbecamepermanentlysubmissive.Inpassing,wecannotethatknowledgeaboutachild’s“No”periodmighthavemoderatedthediscipliningoflittlechildrenandtheapplicationoftheproverb“Sparetherodandspoilthechild.”

Byfreeingthechildfromitsevilnature,parentsbelievedtheycouldthenguidethechildintoacquiringtherightcharactertraits,suchashonesty,industriousnessandsobriety.Thesemoralprinciplesfixedinthechild’scharacter,weretogovernitthroughoutlife,inasocietywherefreeenterprise,individualeffort,andcompetitionwerebelievedtobetherulingforces.

1.Whentheauthortalksaboutideasconsideredin“thespoilingofchildren”,hedoesnotinclude______.

2.Accordingtothearticle,themothersof1820weredeterminedto______.

3.Calvinismentionedinthisarticletoshow______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thenatureofachild

B.attitudesofspoiledchildrenwhentheybecomeadults

C.reasonswhyspoilingoccurs

D.consequencesfromspoilingachild

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.developindependenceintheirchildren

B.avoidexposingtheirchildrentospiritualruin

C.broadentheexperi