考研考博-英語(yǔ)-寧夏師范學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-寧夏師范學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Neonisanelementwhichdoesnotcombinereadilywithanyotherelement;becauseofthisproperty,itiscalledan（

）element.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.expensive

B.adjacent

C.active

D.inactive

【答案】D

【解析】expensive昂貴的；adjacent鄰近的；active積極的，活躍的；inactive不活躍的，怠惰的。句意：氖是一種不易與其他元素化合的元素；由于這個(gè)屬性，它被稱(chēng)為不活躍元素。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

2.單選題

Duringrecoveryperiodsthesesystemsbuildtogreaterlevelsto______forthestressthatyouhaveapplied.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.commence

B.compromise

C.compensate

D.compliment

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)commence“開(kāi)始；著手”；B選項(xiàng)compromise“妥協(xié)；折中”；C選項(xiàng)compensate“補(bǔ)償；抵消”；D選項(xiàng)compliment“恭維；問(wèn)候”。句意：在恢復(fù)期，這些系統(tǒng)建立到更高的水平來(lái)______你施加的壓力。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，C選項(xiàng)compensate“抵消”搭配stress“壓力”比較合理，意思指系統(tǒng)因?yàn)樗教嵘?，從而可以抵消壓力。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Inthenextfewyears,theterm"bigdata"willcometoseemnaive,likewhen"informationsuperhighway"gavewayto"theinternet"in1995.

We'reenteringanageofpersonalbigdataanditsimpactonourliveswillsurpassthatoftheinternet.Datawillanswerquestionswecouldneverbeforeanswerwithcertainty---everydayquestionslikewhetherthatdressactuallymakesyoulookfat,orprofoundquestionsaboutpreciselyhowlongyouwilllive.

Every20yearsorso,apowerfultechnologymovesfromtherealmofbackroomexpertiseandintothehandsofthemasses.Inthelate1970s,computingmadethattransition---frommainframesinglass-enclosedroomstopersonalcomputerondesks.Inthelate1990s,thefirstwebbrowsersmadenetworks,whichhadbeenforsciencelabsandthemilitary,accessibletoanyofus,givingbirthtothemoderninternet.

Eachtransitiontouchedoffanexplosionofinnovationandreshapedworkandleisure.In1975,50,000PCswereinuseworldwide.Twentyyearslater,225million.Thenumberofinternetusersin1995hit16million.Todayit'smorethan3billion.Inmuchoftheworld,it'shardtoimaginelifewithoutconstantaccesstobothcomputingandnetworks.

The2010swillbethecoming-outpartyfordata.Gathering,accessingandgleaninginsightsfromvastanddeepdatahasbeenacapabilitylockedinsideenterpriseslongenough.Cloudcomputingandmobiledevicesnowmakeitpossibletostandinabathroomlineatabaseballgamewhiletappingintomassivecomputingpoweranddatabases.Ontheotherhand,connecteddevicessuchastheNestthermostatorFitbithealthmonitorandappsonsmartphonesincreasinglycollectnewkindsofinformationabouteverydaypersonalactionsandhabits,turningitintodataaboutourselves.

ThattheworldisawashindatamaybeasobviousassayingLadyGagadressesfunny.Butthegamechangerusheringintheneweraistheabilitytomakesenseofdatainwaysthatletnon-techhumansinteractwithit,learnfromitanduseit.

Morethan80percentofdatatodayisunstructured:tanglesofYouTubevideos,newsstories,academicpapers,socialnetworkcomments.Unstructureddatahasbeenalmostimpossibletosearchfor,analyzeandmixwithotherdata.Anewgenerationofcomputers-cognitivecomputingsystemsthatlearnfromdata-willreadtweetsore-booksorwatchvideoandcomprehenditscontent.Somewhatlikebrains,thesesystemscanlinkdiversebitsofdatatocomeupwithrealanswers,notjustsearchresults.

1.Whatcausedtheappearanceofmoderninternet?

2.Whatdoesthephrase"tappinginto"(paragraph5)probablymeaninthetext?

3.Inwhichwaycanwegetdataaboutourselves?

4.Whatistheessentialdifferencebetweentraditionalcomputersandcognitivecomputersystems?

5.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Bigdata

B.Informationsuperhighway

C.Cloudcomputing

D.Browsers

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Stickinginto.

B.Beatingsoftly

C.Makinguseof

D.Investing

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Fromeverydaypersonalactions.

B.Fromconnecteddevices.

C.Fromeverydaypersonalhabits.

D.Fromdatabase.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Cognitivecomputersystemsworkfasterthantraditionalcomputers

B.Cognitivecomputersystemsworkmoreaccurately.

C.Cognitivecomputersystemcanworklikehumanbrains.

D.Cognitivecomputersystemscansearchresults.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Computingwasintherealmofbackroomexpertisebefore1970s.

B.Theworldisfloodedintoomuchconfuseddata.

C.In1975,50,000PCswereinuseworldwide.

D.Datawillanswerquestionswecouldneverbeforeanswerwithcertainty.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第三段中的Inthelate1990s,thefirstwebbrowsersmadenetworks,whichhadbeenforsciencelabsandthemilitary,accessibletoanyofus,givingbirthtothemoderninternet.（在20世紀(jì)90年代后期，第一批網(wǎng)絡(luò)瀏覽器使網(wǎng)絡(luò)可以為我們所用，從而出現(xiàn)了現(xiàn)代的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，這些網(wǎng)絡(luò)曾是專(zhuān)為科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室和軍隊(duì)所用）可知選D。

2.詞義題。stickinginto意為“堅(jiān)持，粘入”；beatingsoftly意為“輕拍”；makinguseof意為“利用”；investing意為“投資，花費(fèi)”。根據(jù)“tappinginto”在Cloudcomputingandmobiledevicesnowmakeitpossibletostandinabathroomlineatabaseballgamewhiletappingintomassivecomputingpoweranddatabases.（現(xiàn)在云計(jì)算和移動(dòng)設(shè)備可以……巨大的計(jì)算能力和數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)使站在浴室里籃球賽成為可能）中前后的句意，可知C選項(xiàng)最符合語(yǔ)境。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章倒數(shù)第三段中的Ontheotherhand,connecteddevices...increasinglycollectnewkindsofinformationabouteverydaypersonalactionsandhabits,turningitintodataaboutourselves.（另一方面，連接的設(shè)備……越來(lái)越多地收集有關(guān)日常個(gè)人行為和習(xí)慣的新信息，將其轉(zhuǎn)化為有關(guān)自己的數(shù)據(jù)）可知選B。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章最后一段中的Anewgenerationofcomputers—cognitivecomputingsystemsthatlearnfromdata—willreadtweetsore-booksorwatchvideoandcomprehenditscontent.（新一代計(jì)算機(jī)——從數(shù)據(jù)中學(xué)習(xí)的認(rèn)知計(jì)算系統(tǒng)——能閱讀推特或電子書(shū)或觀看視頻，能并理解其內(nèi)容）可知選C。

5.推理判斷題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中ThattheworldisawashindatamaybeasobviousassayingLadyGagadressesfunny.（世界上充斥著大量的數(shù)據(jù)，這可能和說(shuō)LadyGaga的服裝很有趣一樣顯而易見(jiàn)）和最后一段中的Morethan80percentofdatatodayisunstructured:tanglesofYouTubevideos,newsstories,academicpapers,socialnetworkcomments.Unstructureddatahasbeenalmostimpossibletosearchfor,analyzeandmixwithotherdata.（今天超過(guò)80%的數(shù)據(jù)是非結(jié)構(gòu)化的：視頻、新聞報(bào)道、學(xué)術(shù)論文、社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)評(píng)論。非結(jié)構(gòu)化數(shù)據(jù)幾乎不可能搜索、分析和與其他數(shù)據(jù)混合）可知B選項(xiàng)“世界上充斥著太多令人困惑的數(shù)據(jù)”符合題意。

4.單選題

Sadly,asspendingonprivategardenshas（）,spendingonpublicparkshasgenerallydeclined.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.heightened

B.lifted

C.flown

D.soared

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)heightened“提高”；B選項(xiàng)lifted“舉起”；C選項(xiàng)flown“飛行”；D選項(xiàng)soared“飆升”。句意：遺憾的是，在私人花園的花費(fèi)飆升的同時(shí)，公共公園的花費(fèi)卻普遍下降。本句表示花費(fèi)飆升，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

8.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Shewillgetsomeadvicefromthedesk.

B.Shewillundergosomelabtests.

C.Shewillarrangeanappointment.

D.Shewillgetthetextresults.

【答案】C

【解析】M:Takethesliptothefrontdeskandthenarrangeanappointmentforthetests.

W:Thankyou,doctor!Haveaniceday!

Q:Whatwillthewomando?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。男士對(duì)女士說(shuō)：Takethesliptothefrontdeskandthenarrangeanappointmentforthetests（把小條拿到前臺(tái)去做檢查預(yù)約）。

6.單選題

Wehadbeenwantingtoexpandourchildren’shorizonsbytakingthemtoaplacethatwasunlikeanythingwe’dbeenexposedtoduringourtravelsinEuropeandtheUnitedStates.InthinkingaboutwhatwaspossiblefromGeneva,wherewearebased,wedecidedonatriptoIstanbul,atwo-hourplaneridefromZurich.

Weenvisionedthetripasapreludetomoreexoticones,perhapstoNewDelhiorBangkoklaterthisyear,butthoughtour11-and13-year-oldsneededafirststepawayfrommanicuredboulevardsandpristinemonuments.

Whatwedidn’tforeseewasthereactionoffriends,whowarnedthatwewereputtingourchildren“indanger,”referringvaguely,andmostincorrectly,todisease,terrorismorjusttheunknown.TohelpusgetacquaintedwiththepeculiaritiesofIstanbulandtogiveourchildrenachancetochoosewhattheywereparticularlyinterestedinseeing,weboughtanexcellentguidebookandreaditthoroughlybeforeleaving.

Friendlywarningsdidn’tchangeourplanning,althoughwemighthavemoreprudentlycheckedwiththeU.S.StateDepartment’slistoftroublespots.Wedidn’tseealotofchildrenamongtheforeignvisitorsduringoursix-daystayinIstanbul,butwefoundthetouristareasquitesafe,veryinterestingandvariedenougheventosuitourson,whoseoft-repeatedrequestisthatwenotsee“everysingle”churchandmuseuminagivencity.

Vaccinationsweren’tneededforthecity,butwewereconcernedaboutadaptingtothewaterforashortstay.Soweusedbottledwaterfordrinkingandbrushingourteeth,aprecautionthatmayseemexcessive,butweallstayedhealthy.

Takingtheadviceofafriend,webookedahotela20-minutewalkfrommostofIstanbul’smajortouristsites.Thisnotonlygotussomemorningexercise,strollingovertheKarakoyBridge,buttookuspastacolorfulassortmentoffishermen,vendorsandshoeshiners.

Fromateenagerandpre-teen’sview,Istanbulstreetlifeisfascinatingsincealmosteverythingcanbeboughtoutdoors.TheywereatagoodagetospendtimewanderingthelabyrinthoftheSpiceBazaar,whereshopsdisplaymoundsofpungentherbsinsacks.Doingthiswithyoungerchildrenwouldbehardersimplybecausethestreetsaresopackedwithpeople;itwouldbeeasytogetlost.Forourtwo,whosebuyingexperienceconsistedofdepartmentstoresandshoppingmallboutiques,itwasamazingtodiscoverthatyoucouldbargainoverpriceandperhapsendupwithtwoofsomethingforthepriceofone.TheyalsolearnedtofigureouttherelativevalueoftheTurkishlira,notasmallmatterwithitsmanyzeros.

BeingexposedtoIslamwasanimportantpartofourtrip.Visitingthemosques,especiallytheenormousBlueMosque,wasourfirstglimpseintohowthismajorreligionispracticed.Ourchildren’scuriosityalreadyhadbeenpiquedbythefivedailycallstoprayeroverloudspeakersineverycomerofthecity,andthescarvescoveringtheheadsofmanywomen.

Navigatingmealscanbetroublesomewithchildren,butakebab,boughtonthestreetorinrestaurants,wasunfailinglypopular.Sincewehaddecidedthistripwasnotforgourmets,kebabssparedustheagonyoftryingtofindarestauranteachdaythatwouldsuittheadults*desiretotrysomethingnewamidchildren’sinsistencethatthefoodbeservedimmediately.Gradually,webranchedouttotrysomeotherTurkishspecialties.

AlthoughoursonhadstudiedIslambriefly,itisimpossibletobepreparedforeveryawkwardquestionthatmightcomeup,suchasduringourvisitstotheTopkapiSarayi,theOttomanSultans'palace.Noguideswereavailablesoitwasdo-it-yourself,usingourguidebook,whichcheatedusofalotofinterestinghistoryandanecdotesthataprofessionalguidecouldprovide.Nexttime,weresolvedtomakesucharrangementsinadvance.

Onthistrip,wewanderedthroughthemagnificentcomplex,withitsimperialtreasures,itscourtyardsanditsharem.Thelastrequiredabitofexplanationthatwewouldhavehappilylefttoalearnedthirdparty.

1.ThecouplechoseIstanbulastheirholidaydestinationmainlybecause（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECT?

3.Welearnfromthecouple’sshoppingexperiencebackhomethat

（

）.

4.ThelasttwoparagraphssuggestthattovisitplacesofinterestinIstanbul

（

）.

5.ThefamilyhaveseenorvisitedallthefollowinginIstanbulEXCEPT（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thecityisnottoofarawayfromwheretheylived.

B.thecityisnotonthelistoftheU.S.StateDepartment.

C.thecityisbetweenthefamiliarandtheexotic.

D.thecityismorefamiliarthanexotic.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thefamilyfoundthecitywasexactlywhattheyhadexpected.

B.Theirfriendswereopposedtotheirholidayplan.

C.Theycouldhavebeenmorecautiousaboutbringingkidsalong.

D.Theywereabitcautiousaboutthequalityofwaterinthecity.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.theywereusedtobargainingoverprice.

B.theypreferredtobuythingsoutdoors.

C.streetmarketsweretheirfavorites.

D.theypreferredfashionandbrandnames.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.guidebooksareveryuseful.

B.aprofessionalguideisamust.

C.onehastobepreparedforquestions.

D.onehastomakearrangementsinadvance.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.religiousprayers.

B.historicalbuildings.

C.local-stylemarkets.

D.shoppingmallboutiques.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。本題是問(wèn)這對(duì)夫妻選擇伊斯坦布爾作為它們的度假目的地的主要原因。從第一段內(nèi)容與第二段開(kāi)頭“Weenvisionedthetripasapreludetomoreexoticones,perhapstoNewDelhiorBangkoklaterthisyear.我們把這次旅行想象成更多異國(guó)情調(diào)之旅的前奏，也許今年晚些時(shí)候會(huì)去新德里或曼谷”一句可以知道這家人打算選擇一個(gè)較為陌生但又與家較近的地方作為旅游目的地。C選項(xiàng)‘這個(gè)城市介于熟悉和陌生之間’正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。本題是問(wèn)選項(xiàng)中哪一項(xiàng)敘述是錯(cuò)誤的。由文章第四段中的“...butwefoundthetouristareasquitesafe,veryinterestingandvariedenougheventosuitourson.但是我們發(fā)現(xiàn)旅游區(qū)非常安全，非常有趣，而且種類(lèi)繁多，甚至適合我們的兒子?！币痪淇芍?dāng)他們到達(dá)伊斯坦布爾旅行之后才發(fā)現(xiàn)這里和旅行之前所了解到的信息是不一樣的，所以A選項(xiàng)“這家人發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)城市和他們?cè)O(shè)想中的是一樣的”錯(cuò)誤，符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。本題是問(wèn)我們可以從這對(duì)夫妻的購(gòu)物經(jīng)歷中了解到什么。由文章第七段中的“Forourtwo,whosebuyingexperienceconsistedofdepartmentstoresandshoppingmallboutiques,itwasamazingtodiscoverthatyoucouldbargainoverpriceandperhapsendupwithtwoofsomethingforthepriceofone.對(duì)于我們兩個(gè)人來(lái)說(shuō)，他們的購(gòu)物經(jīng)驗(yàn)包括百貨公司和購(gòu)物中心的精品店，當(dāng)你發(fā)現(xiàn)你可以討價(jià)還價(jià)的時(shí)候，你可能會(huì)以一件東西的價(jià)格買(mǎi)到兩件東西，這讓我很驚訝?！币痪淇芍狣選項(xiàng)‘在自己國(guó)內(nèi)的購(gòu)物習(xí)慣更傾向于選擇流行時(shí)尚和知名品牌’正確。

4.推理判斷題。本題是問(wèn)最后兩段內(nèi)容表明在伊斯坦布爾游覽名勝的情況…。由文章倒數(shù)第二段第二句“Noguideswereavailablesoitwasdo-it-yourself,usingourguidebook,whichcheatedusofalotofinterestinghistoryandanecdotesthataprofessionalguidecouldprovide.沒(méi)有導(dǎo)游，所以只能自己動(dòng)手，用我們的導(dǎo)游手冊(cè)，這讓我們錯(cuò)過(guò)了很多專(zhuān)業(yè)導(dǎo)游能提供的有趣的歷史和軼事。”B選項(xiàng)‘專(zhuān)業(yè)的指南是必不可少的’正確。

5.推理判斷題。本題是問(wèn)在伊斯坦布爾，除…外，這家人在伊斯坦布爾見(jiàn)過(guò)或參觀過(guò)以下所有地方。綜合上下文，A選項(xiàng)在倒數(shù)第四段提及，B,C選項(xiàng)在第六，七段提及，而從文章第七段中的“Forourtwo,whosebuyingexperienceconsistedofdepartmentstoresandshoppingmallboutiques,itwasamazingtodiscoverthatyoucouldbargainoverpriceandperhapsendupwithtwoofsomethingforthepriceofone.對(duì)于我們兩個(gè)人來(lái)說(shuō)，他們的購(gòu)物經(jīng)驗(yàn)包括百貨公司和購(gòu)物中心的精品店，當(dāng)你發(fā)現(xiàn)你可以討價(jià)還價(jià)的時(shí)候，你可能會(huì)以一件東西的價(jià)格買(mǎi)到兩件東西，這讓我很驚訝?！贝_定shoppingmallboutiques是這家人在國(guó)內(nèi)的購(gòu)物點(diǎn)，而不是在伊斯坦布爾，所以符合題意，D選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Cambridgeis（）thebestuniversityinEuropeandamongtheworld’stopten.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inmostcases

B.onmostcounts

C.undermostconditions

D.withmostprospects

【答案】C

【解析】短語(yǔ)辨析。inmostcases“在大多數(shù)情況下”；undermostconditions“在大多數(shù)情況、條件下”，沒(méi)有選項(xiàng)B和D的搭配，可排除。句意：劍橋大學(xué)在大多數(shù)情況下都是歐洲最好的大學(xué)，也是世界排名前十的大學(xué)之一。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

8.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

IcametoIndiaayearagotofindavillageinwhichIcouldliveandwritebutitwasmanymonthsbeforeIsettleddownhappilyinthisHimalayancommunity.

Iwastedalotoftimelookingforthe“typical”village.Yetnosuchthingexists.Conditionsarequitedifferentfromvillagetovillage.ButthevillagesIstayedinhadmuchincommon—poor,dirtyandbackward.Oftenthevillagersthemselveswerepuzzledanddoubtful.WhyhadIcome?Ihadputasidemyworkasapoliticaljournalistbecausemyideashadchanged.IhadcometobelievethatwhatwashappeningintheThirdWorldwasmoreimportantthananythingelse.Buttounderstandhowthree-quartersoftheworldpopulationlive,andwhateffecttheirfuturemighthaveonours,IfeltthatIfirsthadtotryandsharetheirwayoflife.

IntheendIchoseamountainvillagebecauseitwaslittlecoolerthanthoseintheplains.Itookthebusfromtownalongarockyroad.Thencamearoughwalkdownasteeppathtotheriver.AfterthisIbegantheclimbintothehills.WheneverIstoppedtocatchmybreath,therewasabeautifulscene.Afterseveralhours’walkthevillagecameintosight.

1.AfterthewriterhadarrivedinIndia,（）.

2.Whilelookingforatypicalvillage,thewriterfound（）.

3.BeforecomingtoIndia,thewriter（）.

4.Thewritedecidedtochangehiswayoflifebecause（）.

5.Thevillagethewriterfinallychosetolivein（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hespentayearwritingabouttheplacehelivedin

B.hespentquitesometimelookingforasuitableplacetolivein

C.hestayedinanIndianvillageworkingforthepoor

D.helivedinaHimalayancommunityformanymonths

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.hewassearchingfortheimpossible

B.allthevillageswereexactlythesame

C.hewasdoingsomethingenjoyable

D.thevillagerswerecuriousabouthim

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.hadbeenasuccessfulpolitician

B.hadmadeadecisiontoworkforIndia

C.hadstudiedIndiacultureforsomemonths

D.hadworkedfornewspapersandmagazines

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.henolongerfoundhisworkinteresting

B.hehopedtoliveapeacefullifeinthecountryside

C.hewantedtofindoutmoreabouttheThirdWorld

D.hewantedtotryhisluckinaforeigncountry

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.layattheendofarockyroad

B.hadabeautifulsightoftheriver

C.wasashortwalkfromtheriver

D.hadbetterweatherthanthoseintheplains

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文的第一段首句IcametoIndiaayearagotofindavillageinwhichIcouldliveandwritebutitwasmanymonthsbeforeIsettleddownhappilyinthisHimalayancommunity.（一年前，我來(lái)到印度，想找到一個(gè)可以生活和寫(xiě)作的村莊，但過(guò)了好幾個(gè)月，我才愉快地在這個(gè)喜馬拉雅社區(qū)安頓下來(lái)）可知選B選項(xiàng)“他花了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間找一個(gè)合適的地方住”，A選項(xiàng)“他花了一年的時(shí)間寫(xiě)他居住過(guò)的地方”，C選項(xiàng)“他住在印度的一個(gè)村子里，為窮人干活”，A選項(xiàng)和C選項(xiàng)原文沒(méi)有提及，D選項(xiàng)“他在一個(gè)喜馬拉雅社區(qū)住了好幾個(gè)月”，原文只說(shuō)了在喜馬拉雅社區(qū)安頓下來(lái)，但并沒(méi)有說(shuō)多久，因此D選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，因此，B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文的第二段的首句Iwastedalotoftimelookingforthe“typical”village.Yetnosuchthingexists.（我浪費(fèi)了很多時(shí)間尋找“典型的”村莊。然而，這樣的事情并不存在）可知A選項(xiàng)“他在搜索不可能的事”正確，B選項(xiàng)“所有的村莊都一模一樣”，原文第二段的第三句Conditionsarequitedifferentfromvillagetovillage.可得知每個(gè)村莊之間的情況都是很不一樣的，因此B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，C選項(xiàng)“他在做一些令人愉快的事情”，C選項(xiàng)原文沒(méi)有提及，D選項(xiàng)“村民們對(duì)他很好奇”第二段的第五句Oftenthevillagersthemselveswerepuzzledanddoubtful.可得知村民們自己也常常感到困惑和懷疑，而不是好奇。因此，A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第二段的第六句“WhyhadIcome?Ihadputasidemyworkasapoliticaljournalistbecausemyideashadchanged.”（我為什么要來(lái)？我放下了政治記者的工作，因?yàn)槲业南敕ㄒ呀?jīng)改變了）可知選D選項(xiàng)“曾經(jīng)為報(bào)紙和雜志工作過(guò)”。作者放棄了政治記者的工作來(lái)到了印度，也就是說(shuō)來(lái)印度之前作者是一個(gè)政治記者。A選項(xiàng)“是一個(gè)成功的政治家”，文中說(shuō)的是政治記者，而不是政治家，所以A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，B選項(xiàng)“決定為印度工作”，C選項(xiàng)“學(xué)印度文化好幾個(gè)月了”，在原文均沒(méi)有提及，所以B，C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，因此，D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第二段Buttounderstandhowthree-quartersoftheworldpopulationlive,andwhateffecttheirfuturemighthaveonours,（他的想法改變是希望了解和體驗(yàn)發(fā)展中國(guó)家人們的生活和未來(lái)）可知選擇C選項(xiàng)“他想更多的了解第三世界”，A選項(xiàng)“他不再覺(jué)得他的工作有趣了”，B選項(xiàng)“他希望在鄉(xiāng)下過(guò)平靜的生活”，D選項(xiàng)“他想在外國(guó)碰碰運(yùn)氣”，在原文均沒(méi)有提及，所以A，B，D選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，因此，C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文末段首句IntheendIchoseamountainvillagebecauseitwaslittlecoolerthanthoseintheplains.（最后，我選擇了一個(gè)山村，因?yàn)槟抢锉绕皆系拇迩f涼快一點(diǎn)）可知選擇D選項(xiàng)“比平原上的天氣好”。A選項(xiàng)“躺在崎嶇道路的盡頭”，B選項(xiàng)“可以看到河邊的美景”，C選項(xiàng)“離河不遠(yuǎn)”，在原文均沒(méi)有提及，因此，D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.單選題

Forcenturiesanimalshavebeenusedas（）forpeopleinexperimentstoassesstheeffectsoftherapeuticandotheragentsthatmightlaterbeusedinhumans.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.benefactors

B.companions

C.precedent

D.surrogates

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A:benefactor“捐助者”；B:companion“同伴”；C:precedent“先例”；D:surrogate“代理；代用品，代替”。句意：幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)，動(dòng)物在實(shí)驗(yàn)中被用作人類(lèi)的替代品，用來(lái)評(píng)價(jià)那些以后會(huì)用在人類(lèi)身上的醫(yī)療制劑和其他制劑的效果。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和句意可知D為正確答案。

10.單選題

Acontroversyeruptedinthescientificcommunityinearly1998overtheuseofDNA(deoxyribonucleicacid)fingerprintinginCriminalinvestigations.DNAfingerprintingwasintroducedin1987asamethodtoidentifyindividualsbasedonapatternseenintheirDNA,themoleculeofwhichgenesaremade.DNAispresentineverycellofthebodyexceptredbloodcells.DNAfingerprintinghasbeenusedsuccessfullyinvariousways,suchastodeterminepaternity（父親的身份）whereitisnotclearwhothefatherofaparticularchildis.However,itisintheareaofcriminalinvestigationsthatDNAfingerprintinghaspotentiallypowerfulandcontroversialuses.

DNAfingerprintingandotherDNAanalysistechniqueshaverevolutionizedcriminalinvestigationsbygivinginvestigatorspowerfulnewtoolsintheattempttoproveguilt,notjustestablishinnocence.Whenusedincriminalinvestigations,aDNAfingerprintpatternfromasuspectiscomparedwithaDNAfingerprintpatternobtainedfromsuchmaterialashairsorbloodfoundatthesceneofacrime.AmatchbetweenthetwoDNAsamplescanbeusedasevidencetoconvictasuspect.

Thecontroversyin1998stemmedfromareportpublishedinDecember1991bypopulationgeneticistsRichardC.LewontinofHarvardUniversityinCambridge,Mass,andDanielL.HartlofWashingtonUniversitySchoolofMedicineinSt.Louis,Mo.LewontinandHartlcalledintoquestionthemethodstocalculatehowlikelyitisthatamatchbetweentwoDNAfingerprintsmightoccurbychancealone.Inparticular,theyarguedthatthecurrentmethodcannotproperlydeterminethelikelihoodthattwoDNAsampleswillmatchbecausetheycamefromthesameindividualratherthansimplyfromtwodifferentindividualswhoaremembersofthesameethnicgroup.LewontinandHartlcalledforbettersurveysofDNApatterns.

Inresponsetotheircriticisms,populationgeneticistsRanajitChakrabortyoftheUniversityofTexasinDallasandKennethK.KiddofYaleUniversityinNewHaven,Conn.,arguedthatenoughdataarealreadyavailabletoshowthatthemethodscurrentlybeingusedareadequate.InJanuary1998,however,theFederalBureauofinvestigationandlaboratoriesthatconductDNAtestsannouncedthattheywouldcollectadditionalDNAsamplesfromvariousethnicgroupsinanattempttoresolvesomeofthesequestions.And,inApril,theNationalAcademyofSciencescalledforstrictstandardsandsystemofaccreditation（鑒定合格）forDNAtestinglaboratories.

1.BeforeDNAfingerprintingisused,suspects（）.

2.DNAfingerprintingcanbeunreliablewhen（）.

3.TogeneticistslikeLewontinandHartl,thecurrentmethod（）.

4.TheattitudeoftheFederalBureauofInvestigationshowsthat（）.

5.NationalAcademyofSciencesholdsthestandthat（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.wouldhavetoleavetheirfingerprintsforfurtherinvestigations

B.wouldhavetosubmitevidencefortheirinnocence

C.couldeasilyescapeconvictionofguilt

D.couldbeconvictedofguiltaswell

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.themethodsusedforblood-cellcalculationarenotaccurate

B.twodifferentindividualsofthesameethnicgroupmayhavethesameDNAfingerprintingpattern

C.amatchisbychanceleftwithfingerprintsthathappentobelongtotwodifferentindividuals

D.twodifferentindividualsleavetwoDNAsamples.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.isnotsoconvincingastoexcludethelikelihoodthattwoDNAsamplescannevercomefromtwoindividuals

B.isarguablebecausetwoindividualsofthesameethnicgrouparelikelytohavethesameDNApattern

C.isnotbasedonadequatescientifictheoryofgenetics

D.istheoreticallycontradictorytowhattheyhavebeenstudying

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.enoughdataareyettobecollectedfromvariousethnicgroupstoconfirmtheunlikelihoodoftwoDNAsamplescomingfromtwoindividualmembers

B.enoughdataofDNAsamplesshouldhecollectedtoconfirmthatonlyDNAsamplesfromthesamepersoncanmatch

C.enoughdataareyettobecollectedfromvariousethnicgroupstodeterminethelikelihoodoftwodifferentDNAsamplescomingfromthesameperson

D.additionalsamplesfromvariousethnicgroupsshouldbecollectedIodeterminethattwoDNAsampleareunlikelytocomefromthesameperson

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.DNAtestingshouldbesystematized

B.OnlyauthorizedlaboratoriescanconductDNAtesting

C.Theacademyonlyisauthorizedtoworkourstandardsfortesting

D.TheacademyhastherighttoaccreditlaboratoriesforDNAtesting

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.判斷推理題。題干意為:在DNA指紋識(shí)別使用之前，嫌疑犯…。第二段指出:DNAfingerprintingandotherDNAanalysistechniqueshaverevolutionizedcriminalinvestigationsbygivinginvestigatorspowerfulnewtoolsintheattempttoproveguilt,notjustestablishinnocence(指紋和其他DNA分析技術(shù)已經(jīng)徹底改變了刑事調(diào)查，給調(diào)查人員提供了強(qiáng)大的新工具，以證明有罪，而不僅僅是確立無(wú)罪)。后面還指出:Whenusedincriminalinvestigations,aDNAfingerprintpatternfromasuspectiscomparedwithaDNAfingerprintpatternobtainedfromsuchmaterialashairsorbloodfoundatthesceneofacrime(在刑事調(diào)查時(shí)，嫌疑犯的DNA指紋圖案與從犯罪現(xiàn)場(chǎng)發(fā)現(xiàn)的毛發(fā)或血液等材料中獲得的DNA指紋圖案進(jìn)行比較)。由此可以推測(cè)，如果沒(méi)有DNA指紋識(shí)別技術(shù),嫌疑犯不會(huì)那么容易定罪。因此選C項(xiàng)“可能輕易逃脫罪責(zé)”。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意為:在什么時(shí)候，DNA指紋識(shí)別可能不可靠？第三段指出:Inparticular,theyarguedthatthecurrentmethodcannotproperlydeterminethelikelihoodthattwoDNAsampleswillmatchbecausetheycamefromthesameindividualratherthansimplyfromtwodifferentindividualswhoaremembersofthesameethnicgroup(他們特別指出，目前的方法尚不能完全確定，兩個(gè)可能吻合的DNA樣本是出自一個(gè)人，而不是出自同族成員中的兩個(gè)人)。因此可知,當(dāng)“偶然匹配的蒽碰巧屬于兩個(gè)不同的人