英語100篇精讀薈萃（中級篇）

PassageOne(ViolenceCanDoNothingtoDiminishRacePrejudice)Insomecountrieswhereracialprejudiceisacute,violencehassocometobetakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferences,thatitisnotevenquestioned.Therearecountrieswherethewhitemanimposeshisrulebybruteforce;therearecountrieswheretheblackmanprotestsbysettingfiretocitiesandbylootingandpillaging.Importantpeopleonbothsides,whowouldinotherrespectsappeartobereasonablemen,getupandcalmlyargueinfavorofviolence-asifitwerealegitimatesolution,likeanyother.Whatisreallyfrightening,whatreallyfillsyouwithdespair,istherealizationthatwhenitcomestothecrunch,wehavemadenoactualprogressatall.Wemaywearcollarsandtiesinsteadofwar-paint,butourinstinctsremainbasicallyunchanged.Thewholeoftherecordedhistoryofthehumanrace,thattediousdocumentationofviolence,hastaughtusabsolutelynothing.Wehavestillnotlearntthatviolenceneversolvesaproblembutmakesitmoreacute.Thesheerhorror,thebloodshed,thesufferingmeannothing.Nosolutionevercomestolightthemorningafterwhenwedismallycontemplatethesmokingruinsandwonderwhathitus.Thetrulyreasonablemenwhoknowwherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandhardertogetahearing.Theyaredespised,mistrustedandevenpersecutedbytheirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslawenforcement.Ifhalftheenergythatgoesintoviolentactswereputtogooduse,ifoureffortsweredirectedatcleaninguptheslumsandghettos,atimprovingliving-standardsandprovidingeducationandemploymentforall,wewouldhavegonealongwaytoarrivingatasolution.Ourstrengthissappedbyhavingtomopupthemessthatviolenceleavesinitswake.Inawell-directedeffort,itwouldnotbeimpossibletofulfilltheidealsofastablesocialprogramme.Thebenefitsthatcanbederivedfromconstructivesolutionsareeverywhereapparentintheworldaroundus.Genuineandlastingsolutionsarealwayspossible,providingweworkwithintheframeworkofthelaw.

Beforewecanevenbegintocontemplatepeacefulco-existencebetweentheraces,wemustappreciateeachother'sproblems.Andtodothis,wemustlearnaboutthem:itisasimpleexerciseincommunication,inexchanginginformation.'Talk,talk,talk；theadvocatesofviolencesay,'allyoueverdoistalk,andwearenonethewiser.*It*sratherlikethestoryofthefamousbarristerwhopainstakinglyexplainedhiscasetothejudge.Afterlisteningtoalengthyargumentthejudgecomplainedthatafterallthistalk,hewasnonethewiser.'Possible,mylord,*thebarristerreplied,*nonethewiser,butsurelyfarbetterinformed.*Knowledgeisthenecessaryprerequisitetowisdom:theknowledgethatviolencecreatestheevilsitpretendstosolve.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?AdvocatingViolence.ViolenceCanDoNothingtoDiminishRacePrejudice.ImportantPeopleonBothSidesSeeViolenceAsaLegitimateSolution.TheInstinctsofHumanRaceAreThirstyforViolence.Recordedhistoryhastaughtusviolenceneversolvesanything.nothing.thebloodshedmeansnothing.everything.Itcanbeinferredthattrulyreasonablemencan'tgetahearing.arelookeddownupon.arepersecuted.Havedifficultyinadvocatinglawenforcement.“Hewasnonethewiser**meanshewasnotatallwiseinlistening.Hewasnotatallwiserthannothingbefore.Hegainsnothingafterlistening.Hemakesnosenseoftheargument.Accordingtheauthorthebestwaytosolveraceprejudiceislawenforcement.knowledge.nonviolence.Moppinguptheviolentmess.Vocabularyacute 嚴(yán)重的,劇烈的,敏銳的loot v.搶劫,掠奪;n.贓物pillage v.搶劫,掠奪crunch v.吱嘎吱嘎咬或嚼某物;n.碎裂聲whenitcomestothecrunch=if/whenthedecisivemomentcomes.當(dāng)關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻來到時(shí)。war-paint 出戰(zhàn)前涂于身上的顏料。（美印第安戰(zhàn)士用）cometolight=becomeknown顯露,為人所知sap 剝削,使傷元?dú)?破壞Iwassappedbymonthsofhospitaltreatment.我住院治療幾個(gè)月,大傷元?dú)?。mopup 擦去,對付,處理wake 船跡,航跡inthewakeofsth.=comeafter隨某事之后到來。DiminishgrantimposebruterespecttedioussheerhorrordismalcontemplatepersecuteoutrageousghettoderiveGenuineprovidingframeworkbarristerprerequisiteappreciateshed難句譯注Whatisreallyfrightening,whatreallyfillsyouwithdespairistherealizationthatwhenitcomestothecrunch,wehavemadenoactualprogressatall.【結(jié)構(gòu)簡析】whenitcomestothecrunch=when/ifthedecisivemomentcomes.當(dāng)關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻來到時(shí)。【參考譯文】真正令人可怖的,令人絕望的是,在關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻,人們意識到我們一點(diǎn)兒也沒有進(jìn)步/前進(jìn)。Ourstrengthissappedbyhavingtomopupthemessthatviolenceleavesinitswake.【結(jié)構(gòu)簡析】inthewakeof在..之后?！緟⒖甲g文】由于我們不得不清理掉暴力之后所留下的爛攤子,我們的力量因此削弱了。Afterlisteningtoalengthyargumentthejudgecomplainedthatafterallthistalk,hewasnonethewiser.【結(jié)構(gòu)簡析】none+the+比較級。固定用法,義:notatall一點(diǎn)兒也不。EX:Afterthetreatment,heisnonethebetter.治療后，他并沒有因此見好,（一點(diǎn)兒也不見好〇【參考譯文】聽了律師的長篇解釋,法官抱怨說他ー無所獲，并不因此變得聰明些。Knowledgeisthenecessaryprerequisitetowisdom.【參考譯文】知識是智慧的必要的先決條件。結(jié)合上下文這里意思是:了解情況是解決問題的先決條件。句子后面的解釋：知識是指了解它欲以解決暴力制造的惡行。寫作方法與文章大意作者主要以對比的手法寫出了暴力是有些國家用以解決種族差異的公認(rèn)方法,這是人本性沒有進(jìn)步的表現(xiàn),真正理智的人提出了法制オ是解決問題的唯一途徑,而這些人遭人輕視、迫害。作者指出如果我們把使用暴力的一半精力放在消除貧民窟,改善生活水平，提供教育和就業(yè)，清除暴力造成的后果，也就是通過對它以法治理是能真正解決種族問題的。盡管這些暴力者采取充耳不聞的態(tài)度。答案詳解B暴力難以消除種族偏見。文章一開始就提出有些國家種族偏見嚴(yán)重，而暴力卻是公認(rèn)的ー種解決方法。白人采用暴力鎮(zhèn)壓，黑人以防火、掠搶為反抗。而雙方的大人物平靜地論及暴力,似乎這是ー種合法的解決方案。作者就此指出人類的進(jìn)步只在于表面ーー衣飾等，人類的本能沒有改變。整個(gè)有記錄歷史的文件沒有教會人類任何東西。這是真正令人可怕的事件。第二段論及真正有理智的懂得解決方案所在的人鼓吹法制,人們不停。他們反而收到輕視、迫害。作者就此提出假設(shè)，答出真正的解決方案嗜法制,以法治理。第三段進(jìn)ー步說明“交流、對話”是了解雙方問題的前提,即使暴力者不同意,但知道暴力制造它假裝要解決的罪惡,是智慧聰明的必要前提。A.鼓吹暴力。C.雙方重要人物都把暴力作為合法的解決方案。D.人類的本性是嗜暴性。B沒有什么。第一段中就明確提出整個(gè)人類有記錄歷史又長又臭的暴力文件記錄，一點(diǎn)都沒有教給我們?nèi)魏螙|西。A.暴力解決不了任何事情。C.殺戮（流血）沒有任何意義。D.一切。D在鼓吹法制方面有困難。答案在第二段，真正有理智的人鼓吹法制，遭到同類們的輕視、不信任和迫害。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)要人傾聽他們的意見越來越困難。A.人們不聽。B.遭人輕視。C.遭人迫害。這三項(xiàng)都包含在D項(xiàng)內(nèi)。C聽后無所得。Nonethewiser一點(diǎn)也不比以前聰明（這是按字面翻譯）。實(shí)際就是C項(xiàng)。A.在傾聽別人上他一點(diǎn)也不聰明。B.他和以前ー個(gè)樣。D.他聽不懂論點(diǎn)。A法制。第二段最后一句，如果我們在法律的構(gòu)架中進(jìn)行工作，真正的持久的解決總是能實(shí)現(xiàn)的。第二段第二句，他們遭到迫害是因?yàn)樗麄児拇捣ㄖ七@種顯然令人不能容忍的事。B,知識。C.非暴力。D.處理暴力帶來的混亂。PassageTwo（TheTouristTradeContributesAbsolutelyNothingtoIncreasing

UnderstandingbetweenNations）Thetouristtradeisbooming.Withallthiscomingandgoing,you'dexpectgreaterunderstandingtodevelopbetweenthenationsoftheworld.Notabitofit!Superbsystemsofcommunicationbyair,seaandlandmakeitpossibleforustovisiteachother'scountriesatamoderatecost.Whatwasoncethe'grandtour',reservedforonlytheveryrich,isnowwithineverybody'sgrasp.Thepackagetourandcharteredflightsarenottobesneeredat.Moderntravelersenjoyalevelofcomfortwhichthelordsandladiesongrandtoursintheolddayscouldn'thavedreamedof.Butwhat'sthesenseofthismassexchangeofpopulationsifthenationsoftheworldremainbasicallyignorantofeachother?Manytouristorganizationsaredirectlyresponsibleforthisstateofaffairs.Theydeliberatelysetouttoprotecttheirclientsfromtoomuchcontactwiththe

localpopulation.Themoderntouristleadsacosseted,shelteredlife.Helivesatinternationalhotels,whereheeatshisinternationalfoodandsipshisinternationaldrinkwhilehegazesatthenativesfromadistance.Conductedtourstoplacesofinterestarecarefullycensored.Thetouristisallowedtoseeonlywhattheorganizerswanthimtoseeandnomore.Astrictschedulemakesitimpossibleforthetouristtowanderoffonhisown;andanyway,languageisalwaysabarrier,soheisonlytoohappytobeprotectedinthisway.Atitsveryworst,thisleadstoanewandhideouskindofcolonization.Thesummerquartersoftheinhabitantsoftheciteuniversitaire:aretemporarilyreestablishedontheislandofCorfu.BlackpoolisrecreatedatTorremolinoswherethetravelergoesnottoeatpaella,butfishandchips.Thesadthingaboutthissituationisthatitleadstothepersistenceofnationalstereotypes.Wedon*tseethepeopleofothernationsastheyreallyare,butaswehavebeenbroughtuptobelievetheyare.Youcantestthisforyourself.Takefivenationalities,say,French,German,English,AmericanandItalian.Nowinyourmind,matchthemwiththesefiveadjectives:musical,amorous,cold,pedantic,naive.Farfromprovidinguswithanyinsightintothenationalcharacteristicsofthepeoplesjustmentioned,theseadjectivesactuallyactasbarriers.Sowhenyousetoutonyourtravels,theonlycharacteristicsyounoticearethosewhichconfirmyourpreconceptions.Youcomeawaywiththehighlyunoriginalandinaccurateimpressionthat,say,'Anglo-Saxonsarehypocrites*orthat*Latinpeoplesshoutalot*.Youonlyhavetomakeafewforeignfriendstounderstandhowabsurdandharmfulnationalstereotypesare.Buthowcanyoumakeforeignfriendswhenthetouristtradedoesitsbesttopreventyou?Carriedtoanextreme,stereotypescanbepositivelydangerous.Wildgeneralizationsstirupracialhatredandblindustothebasicfact—howtriteitsounds!-Thatallpeoplearehuman.Weareallsimilartoeachotherandatthesametimeallunique.

Thebesttitleforthispassageistourismcontributesnothingtoincreasingunderstandingbetweennations.Tourismistiresome.Conductedtourisdull.tourismreallydoessomethingtoone*scountry.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardtourism?apprehensive.negative.critical.appreciative.WhichwordinthefollowingisthebesttosummarizeLatinpeopleshoutalot?silent.noisy.lively.active.Thepurposeoftheauthor'scriticismistopointoutconductedtourisdisappointing.thewayoftouringshouldbechanged.whentraveling,younoticecharacteristicswhichconfirmpreconception.nationalstereotypesshouldbechanged.Whatislgrandtour'now?moderatecost.localsight-seeingisinvestigatedbythetouristorganization.peopleenjoythefirst-ratecomforts.everybodycanenjoythe*grandtour'.Vocabulary1.superb 卓越的,杰出的,第一流的2.moderate中庸的,中等的,適度的

2.moderate中庸的,中等的,適度的3.grandtour為學(xué)業(yè)必經(jīng)階段。3.grandtour為學(xué)業(yè)必經(jīng)階段。大旅行,指舊時(shí)英國富家子弟教育中,到歐洲大陸觀光的旅行,packagetour 由旅行社代辦而費(fèi)用與路線、日程固定的假日旅游。也可用packageholiday〇charteredflight 包機(jī)航班setouttodosth.=beginajobwithaparticularaim 開始做某事，決心/打算做……cosset 寵愛，溺愛，縱容conductedtour=guidedtour 有人指導(dǎo)/引到下的參觀，有導(dǎo)游的旅游9.censor檢查10.wanderoff離開原處/正道，離群,漫步，漫游11.quarters住處，營 headquarters司令部12.paella西班牙什錦飯13.chip炸馬鈴薯?xiàng)l（土豆條）14.amorous多情的,色情的15.pedantic學(xué)究式的，賣弄學(xué)問的16.generalization歸納，概括17.stirup惹起,煽動,挑起18.trite陳腐的，老ー套的sneerignorantdeliberatecontactsheltersiphideousinhabitanttemporarilypersistencestereotypeinsightpreconceptionhypocritepositivelyhatreduniquetiresomeinvestigate難句譯注Whatwasoncethe'grandtour',reservedforonlytheveryrich,isnowwithineverybody'sgrasp.【結(jié)構(gòu)簡析】withinsb.'sgrasp.某人理解/了解，為某人所能抓到的?！緟⒖甲g文】一度只有最富有者專享的“大旅行”現(xiàn)在人人都可獲得。Thepackagetourandcharteredflightsarenottobesneeredat.【參考譯文】旅行社包辦的旅游,包機(jī)航班決不會遭人恥笑。Theydeliberatelysetouttoprotecttheirclientsfromtoomuchcontactwiththelocalpopulation.【參考譯文】旅行社有意使他們的客戶和當(dāng)?shù)鼐用裆俳佑|。Themoderntouristleadsacossetedshelteredlife.【參考譯文】現(xiàn)代旅行者過的使愛護(hù)有加與世隔絕的生活。Conductedtourstoplacesofinterestarecarefullycensored.【參考譯文】有人指導(dǎo)下參觀一些景點(diǎn)受到組織者ーー旅行社仔細(xì)的檢查核準(zhǔn)。Astrictschedulemakesitimpossibleforthetouristtowanderoffonhisown;andanyway,languageisalwaysabarrier,soheisonlytoohappytobeprotectedinthisway.【結(jié)構(gòu)簡析】onlytoo+形容詞/分詞=very非常。【參考譯文】嚴(yán)格致密的計(jì)劃值得旅行者不可能自己一個(gè)人到處閑逛:再說,至少語言總是個(gè)障礙,所以他對這樣保護(hù)非常高興。Atitsveryworst,thisleadstoanewandhideouskindofcolonization.【結(jié)構(gòu)簡析】atone'sworst在情況最壞的時(shí)候?！緟⒖甲g文】最糟的時(shí)候,這種保護(hù)會導(dǎo)致形成-一種新型而又可怕的殖民現(xiàn)象。Carriedtoanextreme,stereotypescanbepositivelydangerous.【結(jié)構(gòu)簡析】carriedtoanextreme(toanexcess)如果做得過分。【參考譯文】如果走向極端，模式化的想法會非常危險(xiǎn)。Wildgeneralizationsstirupracialhatredandblindustothebasicfact.【參考譯文】野蠻(亂七八糟)的概括/歸納會激起種族仇恨，使我們對這基本事實(shí)視而不見。寫作方法與文章大意文章主耍采用因果寫法。雖然旅游業(yè)發(fā)展,人們可享受以前只有最富有者享受的大旅游,但由于旅行社種種限制/呵護(hù)及其它，使旅游者難以和當(dāng)?shù)鼐用窠佑|。陳舊的固定的想ーー對民族的模式化想法，只有通過接觸才能接觸模式。而旅行社的種種都使人相互難以理解。答案詳解A旅游對增進(jìn)民族了解毫無建樹。第二段開始點(diǎn)出,許多旅游組織直接負(fù)責(zé)旅游事宜,他們有意識不讓旅游者接觸當(dāng)?shù)鼐用?讓他們過著ー種關(guān)懷備至又與世隔絕的生活。住的是國際飯店,吃的是國際食品,喝的是國際飲料,在原處觀看當(dāng)?shù)鼐用?。?yán)格有序的計(jì)劃使旅游者難以自己一人閑逛,語言的障礙,又使他們樂意接受保護(hù)。第三段涉及堅(jiān)持民族模式化ーー老ー套的想法，所以一開始旅游,你見到的民族特性就只是證實(shí)了你自己設(shè)想的基本事實(shí)ーー所有人民都是人類。只有交朋友才能知道民族模式是多么荒謬、有害，可是旅行社竭力制止,你又怎么能交上外國朋友呢?這一切說明A項(xiàng)對。B.旅游很累。C.導(dǎo)游觀光很單調(diào)乏味。D.旅游確實(shí)對國家有貢獻(xiàn)。C批評。B吵吵鬧鬧的。B旅游的方式應(yīng)改變。整篇文章（除第一段外）都環(huán)繞旅游方式不理想來進(jìn)行批評。第二段集中在導(dǎo)游觀光使旅游者難以和當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣窠佑|。第三段，見到的只是證實(shí)了旅游者本人事先形成的思想/先入之見，旅游根本達(dá)不到了解對方的目的。第四段講了民族固定模式（先入之見的模式）的可怕后果。要使人懂得所有的人們都是人類，彼此相似,又各具特點(diǎn)，就得改變旅游的方式。A.導(dǎo)游觀光令人失望。C.旅游時(shí),你見到的特性證實(shí)了你的先入之見。D.民族模式應(yīng)當(dāng)改變。這三條都是批評的具體內(nèi)容。D人人都能享受大旅游。大旅行是專指英國富家子弟上學(xué)中的ー門課程一到歐洲大陸觀光。不是人人都能享受。這里用grandtour表示人人都能享受類似grandtour的」切,甚至超過，如第一段指出:現(xiàn)代旅游者享受的舒適設(shè)施,達(dá)到了大旅行中老爺、小姐們做夢都沒有想到的水平。海陸空高級交流聯(lián)絡(luò)通訊系統(tǒng),使人們有可能錢花得不多就能訪問、觀光別的國家。所以說,曾是有錢人專享的大旅行，普通人也能領(lǐng)略。“grandtour”有引號，表明作為比喻。A.費(fèi)用不高。文內(nèi)是費(fèi)用合適、中等、恰當(dāng)。B.當(dāng)?shù)赜^光受組織審查。C.人們喜歡一流舒適設(shè)施。PassageThree（PopStarsEarnMuch）PopstarstodayenjoyastyleoflivingwhichwasoncetheprerogativeonlyofRoyalty.Wherevertheygo,peopleturnoutintheirthousandstogreetthem.Thecrowdsgowildtryingtocatchabriefglimpseoftheirsmiling,colorfullydressedidols.ThestarsaretransportedintheirchauffeurdrivenRolls-Royces,privatehelicoptersorexecutiveaeroplanes.Theyaresurroundedbyapermanententourageofmanagers,pressagentsandbodyguards.Photographsofthemappearregularlyinthepressandalltheircomingsandgoingsarereported,for,likeRoyalty,popstarsarenews.IftheyenjoymanyoftheprivilegesofRoyalty,theycertainlysharemanyoftheinconveniencesaswell.Itisdangerousforthemtomakeunscheduledappearancesinpublic.Theymustbeconstantlyshieldedfromtheadoringcrowdswhichidolizethem.Theyarenolongerprivateindividuals,butpublicproperty.Thefinancialrewardstheyreceiveforthissacrificecannotbecalculated,fortheirratesofpayareastronomical.Andwhynot?Societyhasalwaysrewardeditstopentertainerslavishly.ThegreatdaysofHollywoodhavebecomelegendary:famousstarsenjoyedfame,wealthandadulationonanunprecedentedscale.Bytoday*sstandards,theexcessesofHollywooddonotseemquitesospectacular.Asinglegramophonerecordnowadaysmayearnmuchmoreinroyaltiesthanthefilmsofthepasteverdid.Thecompetitionforthetitle*TopofthePops*isfierce,buttherewardsaretrulycolossal.Itisonlyrightthatthestarsshouldbepaidinthisway.Don'tthetopmeninindustryearnenormoussalariesfortheservicestheyperformtotheircompaniesandtheircountries?Popstarsearnvastsumsinforeigncurrency-oftenmorethanlargeindustrialconcerns-andthetaxmancanonlybegratefulfortheirmassiveannualcontributionstotheexchequer.Sowhowouldbegrudgethemtheirrewards?It'sallverywellforpeopleinhumdrumjobstomoanaboutthesuccessesandrewardsofothers.Peoplewhomakeenviousremarksshouldrememberthatthemostfamousstarsrepresentonlythetipoftheiceberg.Foreveryfamousstar,therearehundredsofothersstrugglingtoearnaliving.Amanworkinginasteadyjobandlookingforwardtoapensionattheendofithasnorighttoexpectveryhighrewards.Hehaschosensecurityandpeaceofmind,sotherewillalwaysbealimittowhathecanearn.Butamanwhoattemptstobecomeastaristakingenormousrisks.Heknowsattheoutsetthatonlyahandfulofcompetitorsevergettotheverytop.Heknowsthatyearsofconcentratedeffortmayberewardedwithcompletefailure.Butheknows,too,thattherewardsforsuccessareveryhighindeed:theyaretherecompenseforthehugerisksinvolvedandifheachievesthem,hehascertainlyearnedthem.Thafstheessenceofprivateenterprise.Thesentence“Popstars*styleoflivingwasoncetheprerogativeonlyofRoyalty**meanstheirlifewasasluxuriousasthatofroyalty.Theyenjoywhatonceonlybelongedtotheroyalty.Theyareratherrich.Theirwayoflivingwasthesameasthatoftheroyalty.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardtopstars*highincome?Approval.Disapproval.Ironical.Critical.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethereexistsfiercecompetitioninclimbingtothetop.Peopleareblindinidolizingstars.SuccessfulPopstarsgivegreatentertainment.Thetaxtheyhavepaidaregreat.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?Successfulmanshouldgethigh-incomerepayment.Popstarsmadegreatcontributiontoacountry.Popstarscanenjoythelifeofroyalty.Successfulmenrepresentthetipoftheiceberg.Whichparagraphcoversthemainidea?Thefirst.Thesecond.Thethird.Thefourth.Vocabulary1.prerogative權(quán)カ,（尤指）特權(quán)2.chauffeur受雇開車人,（尤指富人、要人的）司機(jī)3.entourage隨行人員,伴隨者,近侍;建筑物周圍4.astronomical龐大的,天文的5.adulation奉承6.gramophone灌音7.colossal巨大的 enormous8.exchequer國庫，財(cái)源ExchequerBond國庫債券9.begrudge感到不快/不滿，忌妒 envious10.humdrum平淡的,單調(diào)的11.moan呻吟聲moanabout發(fā)牢騷lavishidoladoreironicrecompenseoutsetpermanentspectacular難句譯注theprerogativeofRoyalty或theroyalprerogative皇家的特權(quán)（再英國指國王名義上享有不經(jīng)議會認(rèn)可而采取行動的權(quán)カ）。Peopleturnoutintheirthousandstogreetthem.【結(jié)構(gòu)簡析】turnout露面、集合、出席。EX:Avastcrowdturnedouttowatchthematch.大批觀眾到場觀看比賽?！緟⒖甲g文】成千上萬的人們出來歡迎他們。ThegreatdaysofHollywoodhavebecomelegendry.【參考譯文】好萊塢鼎盛時(shí)期成了神話。Bytoday'sstandards,theexcessesofHollywooddonotseemquitesospectacular.【參考譯文】按今天的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來看,好萊塢的奢華（過分的行為）似乎并不那么引人注目。Asinglegramophonerecordnowadaysmayearnmuchmoreinroyaltiesthanthefilmsofthepasteverdid.【參考譯文】今天單張錄音唱片掙的版稅要比過去一部電影還要多得多。寫作方法與文章大意作者以對比、因果寫作手法,寫出歌星享受者貴族般生活方式,出門受千萬人群歡迎，出入高級車、機(jī)，身后保鏢、經(jīng)紀(jì)人、新聞記者，來去都有報(bào)道，這一切是社會對高級演員的慷慨贈予。公司的高級人員享受高薪，歌星也應(yīng)享受。再則頂尖歌星冒有很大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。答案詳解B他們享受一度只屬于貴族享用的一切。第一段集中談了這些:他們走到哪里，成千上萬人們出來歡迎，卻中發(fā)瘋地要看一眼穿著花哨的偶像的笑容。這些歌星坐著司機(jī)開動的Rolls-Royces汽車、私人直升飛機(jī)，高級長官飛機(jī)到處走,永遠(yuǎn)圍著ー批經(jīng)紀(jì)人、報(bào)界記者和保鏢隨從人員。他們的照片定期登在報(bào)刊上，因?yàn)楦栊窍筚F族ー樣是新聞人物。A.他們的生活和貴族ー樣奢侈。C.他們很富。D.他們的生活方式和貴族生活方式ー個(gè)樣。A贊成。在第一段最后一句:“他們?yōu)樗麄兊臓奚@取的報(bào)酬難以計(jì)算,支付率驚人?！钡诙?開始就點(diǎn)明“為什么不驚人?社會對高級表演者總是慷慨解囊。好萊塢的鼎盛時(shí)期名揚(yáng)天下,著名歌星先手空前絕后的名、利、奉承。”第三段更明確指出：應(yīng)該這樣支付星族，這完全正確。企業(yè)中的頂尖人物因?yàn)樗麄優(yōu)楣竞蛧宜鞯囊磺胁灰矑甑酶哳~エ資?稅務(wù)員應(yīng)感謝他們每年為國庫做出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn)。所以誰會忌妒他們的報(bào)酬呢?最后一段進(jìn)ー步說明：欲成為星族的人冒著很大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，誰都知道只有一小撮人能成為頂尖人物,也可能多年的努力以徹底失敗而告終,而成功的報(bào)酬確實(shí)很高，這是對他們冒險(xiǎn)的補(bǔ)償。這些內(nèi)容都說明作者贊成巨額報(bào)酬。A.不同意。C.諷刺的。D.批評的。A在攀登頂峰中存在著激烈的競爭。這在第三段最后一句明確指出:獲取頂尖的流行歌星的稱號競爭激烈，但其報(bào)酬確實(shí)驚人。最后一段的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)說。還有最后一段第二句：說忌妒話的人應(yīng)記?。鹤钣忻男亲宕淼闹皇潜街畮pーー人極少。每個(gè)成名的歌星身后就有成千上百個(gè)其他歌者為生存而奮斗。這都說明“競爭激烈”。B.人們盲目崇拜偶像歌星。C.成功的流行歌星演出給人極大的享受。D.他們支付的稅收巨大。D成功者只是冰山的頂尖ーー少極了。A,成功的人應(yīng)當(dāng)獲得高收入。B.流行歌星對國家做出巨大貢獻(xiàn)。C.流行歌星能享受貴族生活。D第四段。主旨句是倒數(shù)第一、二句,成功的報(bào)酬確實(shí)很高,這是對其高度風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的還報(bào)補(bǔ)償,如果他成功了,他肯定掙得多。那就是私人事'ル的根本/本質(zhì)。A.第一段。這段之對比了貴族和歌星的生活方式。B?第二段。這段講了掙得多,但競爭激烈。C.第三段。歌星和企業(yè)頂尖人物對比。PassageFour(ExaminationsExertaPerniciousInfluenceonEducation)Wemightmarvelattheprogressmadeineveryfieldofstudy,butthemethodsoftestingaperson'sknowledgeandabilityremainasprimitiveasevertheywere.Itreallyisextraordinarythatafteralltheseyears,educationistshavestillfailedtodeviseanythingmoreefficientandreliablethanexaminations.Forallthepiousclaimthatexaminationstextwhatyouknow,itiscommonknowledgethattheymoreoftendotheexactopposite.Theymaybeagoodmeansoftestingmemory,ortheknackofworkingrapidlyunderextremepressure,buttheycantellyounothingaboutaperson'strueabilityandaptitude.Asanxiety-makers,examinationsaresecondtonone.Thatisbecausesomuchdependsonthem.Theyarethemarkofsuccessorfailureinoursociety.Yourwholefuturemaybedecidedinonefatefulday.Itdoesn'tmatterthatyouweren'tfeelingverywell,orthatyourmotherdied.Littlethingslikethatdon'tcount:theexamgoeson.Noonecangiveofhisbestwhenheisinmortalterror,orafterasleeplessnight,yetthisispreciselywhattheexaminationsystemexpectshimtodo.Themomentachildbeginsschool,heentersaworldofviciouscompetitionwheresuccessandfailureareclearlydefinedandmeasured.Canwewonderattheincreasingnumberof*drop-outs':youngpeoplewhoarewrittenoffasutterfailuresbeforetheyhaveevenembarkedonacareer?Canwebesurprisedatthesuiciderateamongstudents?Agoodeducationshould,amongotherthings,trainyoutothinkforyourself.Theexaminationsystemdoesanythingbutthat.Whathastobelearntisrigidlylaiddownbyasyllabus,sothestudentisencouragedtomemorize.Examinationsdonotmotivateastudenttoreadwidely,buttorestricthisreading;theydonotenablehimtoseekmoreandmoreknowledge,butinducecramming.Theylowerthestandardsofteaching,fortheydeprivetheteacherofallfreedoms.Teachersthemselvesareoftenjudgedbyexaminationresultsandinsteadofteachingtheirsubjects,theyarereducedtotrainingtheirstudentsinexamtechniqueswhichtheydespise.Themostsuccessfulcandidatesarenotalwaysthebesteducated;theyarethebesttrainedinthetechniqueofworkingunderduress.Theresultsonwhichsomuchdependsareoftennothingmorethanasubjectiveassessmentbysomeanonymousexaminer.Examinersareonlyhuman.Theygettiredandhungry;theymakemistakes.Yettheyhavetomarkstacksofhastilyscrawledscriptsinalimitedamountoftime.Theyworkunderthesamesortofpressureasthecandidates.Andtheirwordcarriesweight.Afterajudge'sdecisionyouhavetherightofappeal,butnotafteranexaminer's.Theremustsurelybemanysimplerandmoreeffectivewaysofassessingaperson'strueabilities.Isitcynicaltosuggestthatexaminationsaremerelyaprofitablebusinessfortheinstitutionsthatrunthem?Thisiswhatitboilsdowntointhelastanalysis.Thebestcommentonthesystemisthisilliteratemessagerecentlyscrawledonawall:*1wereateenagedrop-outandnowIareateenagemillionaire.,Themainideaofthispassageisexaminationsexertaperniciousinfluenceoneducation.examinationsareineffective.examinationsareprofitableforinstitutions.examinationsareaburdenonstudents.Theauthor'sattitudetowardexaminationsis[A]detest.approval.critical.indifferent.Thefateofstudentsisdecidedbyeducation.institutions.examinations.studentsthemselves.Accordingtotheauthor,themostimportantofagoodeducationistoencouragestudentstoreadwidely.totrainstudentstothinkontheirown.toteachstudentshowtotackleexams.tomasterhisfate.Whydoestheauthormentioncourt?Giveanexample.Forcomparison.Itshowsthatteachers'evolutionsdependontheresultsofexaminations.Itshowstheresultsofcourtismoreeffective.Vocabulary1.pernicious（噴你血絲） 有害的,惡性的,破壞性的2.knack竅門,訣竅3.embark乘船,登記;開始從事，著手4.writeoff勾銷,注銷。確認(rèn)某食物已損失或無效5.syllabus教學(xué)大綱6.cram塞入，把某物塞進(jìn)，突擊式學(xué)習(xí)（尤指應(yīng)考）,以注入方式教人7.duress(press)威脅,逼迫

stack 堆,垛scrawl寫/畫（的內(nèi)容不エ整,不仔細(xì)）潦草的筆跡,七扭ハ歪的字10.script 講稿,劇本,腳本，筆試答卷11.cynica! 憤世嫉俗的，冷嘲熱諷的;玩世不恭的12.boildown12.boildown熬濃，濃縮，歸納pious（派我們來得）虔誠的marvelaptitudeviciousutterrigidmotivateinducedeprivedespisesubjectiveanonymoushastilyilliterate難句譯注Forallthepiousclaimthatexaminationstestwhatyouknow,itiscommonknowledgethattheymoreoftendotheexactopposite.【參考譯文】盡管所有那些虔誠的說法說考試能測定你所知道的東西,但其結(jié)果常常是適得其反,這是眾所周之的常識。Asanxiety-makers,examinationsaresecondtonone.【結(jié)構(gòu)簡析】secondtonone固定搭配,義:不亞于任何人或事物。【參考譯文】（測）考試作為憂慮的制造者,真是出類拔萃。inducecramming誘人采用突擊式學(xué)習(xí)方式。Cram盡力塞入,應(yīng)試突擊學(xué)習(xí)。EX:cramforachemistrytest.為應(yīng)付化學(xué)考試而臨時(shí)抱佛腳。Crampupils以填鴨式教學(xué)生。Yetyouhavetomarkstacksofhastilyscrawledscriptsinalimitedamountoftime.【參考譯文】他們不得不在限定的時(shí)間內(nèi)，給一大堆匆忙涂寫而成的筆試答卷批分。Andtheirwordcarriesweight.【參考譯文】可他們的話/文字（這里指分?jǐn)?shù)）有份量（有影響）。Thisiswhatitboilsdowntointhelastanalysis.【參考譯文】這就是最終分析所歸納的一切。寫作方法與文章大意這是ー篇類似分類寫作的文章。羅列了考試種種惡果。作者首先指出考試難以測定人的真正能力和水平,反而是適得其反。二是考試是憂慮的制造者，因?yàn)樗鼪Q定了人的成敗命運(yùn)。三是考試促使學(xué)校進(jìn)行應(yīng)試技巧教育,否定了教會人獨(dú)立思考、擴(kuò)大視野。四是教師或者說測試人又累又餓,犯錯(cuò)誤,還得在限定時(shí)間披閱成堆的試卷,他們的壓カ和考試者ー樣很大,而他們的話ーー分?jǐn)?shù)有份量,審判官的裁決,你有權(quán)上訴,而他們的裁決 筆定終身。最后引用“輟學(xué)者成為百萬富翁”來點(diǎn)明測試這種形式對教育的壞影響。答案詳解A考試對教育具有有害的影響。文章第一段就點(diǎn)明:考試是測試記憶的好方法，是測試在巨大壓カ下快速工作的技巧的好方法，卻測不出ー個(gè)人的真正能力和水平。第三段集中指出:考試不是促進(jìn)學(xué)生廣泛閱讀,反而限制其閱讀;考試不能使學(xué)生追求更多的知識，而是誘導(dǎo)學(xué)生進(jìn)行應(yīng)付考試的突擊式學(xué)習(xí)。他們降低了教學(xué)水平，因?yàn)樗麄儎儕Z了老師的一切自山。常常以考試結(jié)果而不是所教課程來評定老師,是他們不得不以他們所輕視的考試技巧來培訓(xùn)學(xué)生。第二段和第四段也涉及其后果。B.考試無效。這是考試后果的ー個(gè)方面。C.考試對教育機(jī)構(gòu)有利。這也是ー個(gè)方面。D.考試對學(xué)生是ー種負(fù)擔(dān)。C批評的。第一段中作者明確指出，考試方法依舊，不能測岀人的能力和水平。第二段點(diǎn)名，這種無用的考試決定人生的成敗。第三段說考試最成功的考試者經(jīng)常不是最佳的受教育者,他們是在脅迫下最佳獲得考試技巧者,而好的教育應(yīng)能培養(yǎng)人的獨(dú)立思考。第四段涉及閱卷者又累又餓,常犯錯(cuò)誤，不得不在限定時(shí)間披閱一大堆匆忙中七扭ハ歪寫出的卷子。最后一句“我過去是ー個(gè)是來歲的輟學(xué)者，現(xiàn)在我是一個(gè)年輕的百萬富翁”畫龍點(diǎn)睛地指出，考試指揮下的教育的失敗。這一切都說明作者對考試的批評態(tài)度。A.嫌惡，厭惡。此答案從意義上說是對的。但語法不通，因?yàn)檫@是個(gè)東西，而!s后要求是名詞或形容詞。B.贊成。D.漠不關(guān)心的。C考試。答案在第二段，考試是最終憂慮制造者,那是因?yàn)樵S多事情取決于考試：它們是我們社會中成功或失敗的標(biāo)志。你的未來可能全取決于這決定性的一天。A.教育。B.教育機(jī)構(gòu)。D.學(xué)生自己。B培養(yǎng)學(xué)生進(jìn)行獨(dú)立思考。第三段第一句話點(diǎn)明：好的教育應(yīng)該是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生自己獨(dú)立思考。A.鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生廣泛閱讀。教學(xué)生如何應(yīng)考。C.教學(xué)生如何應(yīng)考。D.掌握自己命運(yùn)。B作對比，答案在最后一段倒數(shù)第二句“審判官裁決后,你有權(quán)カ上訴,而披閱考卷人給分后,學(xué)生可沒有上訴權(quán)”后面又談及“ー想到考試只對進(jìn)行考試的機(jī)構(gòu)有禮，未免太自私了。這酒是最終分析歸納的東西。”所以作者呼吁,可定還有許多更簡便,更有

效的評估人真正能力的方法。A.給出ー個(gè)例子。C.表示老師是山考試結(jié)果評定好壞。這是第三段講的不分內(nèi)容,教師他們自己常由考試結(jié)果而不是所教課程優(yōu)劣來評定。所以他們不得不對學(xué)生進(jìn)行應(yīng)試技巧教育,降低教學(xué)水平。D.表明審判官裁決更有效。PassageFive(KillingintheNameofGodUgandanDeathsSpotlightRiseofCults)Howcouldfaithbegetsuchevil?AfterhundredsofmembersofaUgandancult,theMovementfortheRestorationoftheTenCommandmentsofGod,diedinwhatfirstappearedtobeasuicidalfireinthevillageofKanungutwoweeksago,policefound153bodiesburiedinacompoundusedbythecultinBuhunga,25milesaway.Wheninvestigatorssearchedthehouseofacultleaderinyetanothervillage,theydiscovered155bodies,manyburiedundertheconcretefloorofthehouse.Thenscoresmoreweredugupatacultmember'shome.Somehadbeenpoisoned;others,often-youngchildren,strangled.Byweek*send,Ugandanpolicehadcounted924victims-includingatleast530whoburnedtodeathinsidethesealedchurch-exceedingthe1978JonestownmasssuicideandkillingsbyfollowersofAmericancultleaderJimJonesthatclaimed913lives.Authoritiesbelievetwooftheculfsleaders,JosephKibwetere,a68-year-oldformerRomanCatholiccatechismteacherwhostartedthecultin1987,andhis“prophetess,"CredoniaMwerinde,bysomeaccountsaformerprostitutewhoclaimedtospeakfortheVirginMary,maystillbealiveandontherun.ThepairhadpredictedtheworldwouldendonDec.31,1999.Whenthatdidn*thappen,followerswhodemandedthereturnoftheirpossessions,whichtheyhadtosurrenderonjoiningthecult,mayhavebeensystematicallykilled.TheUgandancarnagefocusesattentionontheproliferationofreligiouscultsinEastAfrica*simpoverishedruralareasandcityslums.AccordingtotheinstituteforthestudyofAmericanreligion,whichresearchescultsandsects,therearenowmorethan5,000indigenouschurchesinAfrica,somewith

apocalypticorrevolutionaryleanings.OnesuchgroupistheJerusalemChurchofChristinNairobi'sKawangwaraslums,ledbyMarySnaida-Akatsa,or“mommy”assheisknowntoherthousandsoffollowers.Sheprophesiesabouttheendoftheworldandaccusessomemembersofbeingwitches.Onedayshebroughta"specialvisitor**tochurch,anIndianSikhmansheclaimedwasJesus,andtoldherfollowerstoMrepentorpaytheconsequences.**MostexpertssayAfrica'shardshipspushpeopletoseekhopeinreligiouscults.HThesegroupsthrivebe