醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)詞綴課件

醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)的詞綴類別

1.…..炎:theinflammationof…//-itis

肝炎，動(dòng)脈炎，扁桃體炎，血管炎，腎炎，喉氣管支氣管炎，胰腺炎，盲腸炎，卵巢炎，毛囊炎，結(jié)腸炎，前列腺炎，膀胱炎，脊髓灰質(zhì)炎，腦炎，心內(nèi)膜炎，胸膜炎，滑膜炎，全關(guān)節(jié)炎，肺炎。

hepatitis肝炎;hepat/o:liver

arteritis動(dòng)脈炎;arter/o:arterytonsillitis扁桃體炎;tonsill/o:tosilvasculitis血管炎;vascul/o:vas/o:vesselnephritis腎炎;nephr/o:kidney

folliculitis毛囊炎;follicul/o:follicle

colitis=colonitis結(jié)腸炎;col/o:colonprostatitis前列腺炎;prostat/o:prostatecystitis膀胱炎;cyst/o:bladder,cystpoliomyelitis脊髓灰質(zhì)炎;poli-:grey;myel/o:bonemarrow,spinalcord(骨髓)

cephalitis腦炎;cephal/o:headendocarditis心內(nèi)膜炎;cardi/o:heart

pleuritis胸膜炎;pleur/o:pleura

synovitis滑膜炎;synov/o:synoviapanarthritis全關(guān)節(jié)炎;pan-:all;arthr/o:jointpneumonia肺炎2.…痛…h(huán)eadache,stomachache….thepainof;ache,-algia;-agra;-dynia神經(jīng)痛,胸痛,乳突痛，乳痛，心痛，足痛風(fēng)，胃痛，關(guān)節(jié)痛，頭痛，腹痛，腿痛，胸骨痛，劍突痛

neuralgia神經(jīng)痛;neur/o:nerve;thoracalgia=pectoralgia胸痛;pector/o:thorac/o:chestmastoidalgia乳突痛;mastoid:乳突

mastalgia乳痛;mast/o:breastalgometer測(cè)痛儀skelalgia腿痛;skel/o:skelos,legsternodynia胸骨痛;stern/o:sternum,breatbonexiphoidalgia,xiphodynia劍突痛;xiphoid/o:xiph/o:xiphoid縫合術(shù):-orraphy

aneurysmorraphy(suture);動(dòng)脈瘤縫術(shù)

aneurysm:動(dòng)脈瘤切除術(shù):ectomy:removal

pharyngectomy咽切除

pharyng/o:pharynx;appendectomy:闌尾切除術(shù)

append/o:appendic/o:appendix闌尾

gastrectomy:胃切除術(shù)；

gastr/o:gaster;stomachsplenectomy:脾切除術(shù)；

splen/o：spleen切開(kāi)術(shù):-tomy:processofcutting

tracheotomy:氣管切開(kāi)；

trache/o:trachea;windpipe氣管

hysterotomy:子宮切開(kāi)；

craniotomy:顱骨切開(kāi)；

crani/o:cranium,skull

nephrotomy:腎切開(kāi)術(shù);nephr/o:ren/o:kidneyceliotomy

剖腹術(shù)celi/o:abdomen;belly結(jié)扎術(shù):-desis：bindingtogetheraneurysmodesis:動(dòng)脈瘤結(jié)扎切器，切刀-tome:instrumentforcutting

thoracotome開(kāi)胸刀；

thorac/o:thorax,chest胸碎石術(shù):-tripsy：crushing

lithotripsy：碎石術(shù)；lith/o:stone:結(jié)石造口/吻合術(shù):ostomy:process

ofmaking

anopeningoraconnectionbetween…)gastrostomy胃造口術(shù)

esophagogastrostomy;食管胃吻合術(shù)

esophagus:食管(a?s?f?g?s)duodenoenterostomy:十二指腸吻合術(shù)

duoden/o:duodenum十二指腸；

enter/o:intestine;smallintestine腸，小腸

折(骨)術(shù):-clasia：fracture，breaking

osteoclasia：折骨術(shù)

oste/o:bone

灌洗術(shù):-clysis：washing

bronchoclysis：支氣管灌洗術(shù)；

bronch/o:bronchus支氣管造影術(shù):-graphy:processofrecordingarteriography:動(dòng)脈造影；arteri/o:artery

phlebography：靜脈造影

phleb/oven/o:veinangiography:血管造影angi/o:vesselvas/o:vessel血管，輸精管

nephrography:腎造影nephr/o:kidney4.方位/時(shí)間方面的詞綴

上：upper//superior;epi-;supra-epithelium上皮組織；

supracostal上肋的；cost/o:rib肋骨

epicondyle上髁;condyle:髁

supercerebellar小腦上的;cerebell/o:cerebellum下：lower//inferior;infra-;sub-

subcutaneous皮下的；cutane/o:skin

infratracheal氣管下的;trachea=windpipe前：front//anterior//prior//fore-;ante-;pre-;antero-forehead前額

anteroposterior[?nt?r?'p??ster??r前后的

precirrhosis[pr?s?‘r??s?s]前期肝硬化；cirrhosis[s?’r??s?s]肝硬變

antepartal產(chǎn)前的;part/o:givebirthprodroma//prodrome前驅(qū)癥狀:anearlysymptomthatadiseaseisdevelopingorthatanattackisabouttooccur內(nèi)：inner//internal//in-;endo-;ento-;entro-;intro-;inhale,inhalation吸入

endoscopy內(nèi)窺鏡檢；-scopy：visualexam

entocranial顱內(nèi)的；crani/o:skull,craniumintra-arachnoid[?'r?kn??d]

珠網(wǎng)膜內(nèi)的

encelitis內(nèi)臟炎;celi/o:abdomen腹腔

外：outer//external//ex-;exo-;ultra-；extra-；

extract抽出；exhale呼出

excretion排泄物；exocardial心外的

ultraviolet紫外線;ultra-:beyond

腹膜外的:extraperitoneal;peritoneum腹膜間：inter-;between;intermuscular肌肉間的；

intercostal肋間的

interchondral軟骨間的;chondr/o:chartilage軟骨

反；對(duì)立：opposite;conter-;contra-;counterpart對(duì)等物或人；

countershock抗休克

contraindication禁忌癥

全：pan-:whole,allpancarditis全心肌炎;pancolectomy泛結(jié)腸切除；col/o:colon結(jié)腸

panmyelosis全骨髓增生中:mid;midabdomen中腹部中心：central;centri-,centra-;centro-centrifugation離心；

centralizev.centronucleus中心核周：around;peri-;perioperative手術(shù)期間的，

peritoneum腹膜

periadenitis腺周炎;aden/o:glandpericarditis心包炎

5.顏色方面的詞綴

顏色：colour,chrom-;chromo-;chromat/o;chromosome染色體；-some:bodychromatin染色板

chromatometer比色計(jì);-meter:instrumentformeasuring白：white；leuk/o:alb/o:,albin/o:album-:leukocyte白細(xì)胞；leukemia白血病

leukocyteuria尿白細(xì)胞癥

albinism白化病

albumin白蛋白;leukoderma白斑;derm/o:skinleukonychia白甲;onych/o:nail

leukopoiesis白細(xì)胞生成(-poiesis:生成production,formation黑：black;melano-;melanoderma黑皮病

melanoma黑色瘤

melanin黑色素;-in:substance(…素)melanosarcoma黑肉瘤;sarc/o:fleshnigrometer黑度計(jì);nigr/o:nigra(黑質(zhì)),紫：purplepurpura紫癜粉色：pink;pinkfrothysputum粉紅色泡沫痰青銅色：bronzedbronzeddiabetes青銅色糖尿病棕色：brown;brownmixture甘草合劑

brownsugar紅糖橙色：orange;ethylorange乙基橙藍(lán)色：blue；cyan/o：

cyanhidrosis(藍(lán))汗癥hidr/o:sweatcyanosis紫紺；

cyanopsia藍(lán)視癥

cyanemia藍(lán)血癥紅色：red；erythro-;rub/o;erythema紅斑(Greek)erythroderma=erytherodermia;紅皮病

erythromycin紅霉素;myc/o:fungus霉菌

rubefaction發(fā)紅(皮膚發(fā)紅)n.erythrochloropia紅綠視癥;chlor/o:green-opia:visionbilirubin=cholerythrin膽紅素;chol/o:,bil/o:bile

erythrocyte紅細(xì)胞

erythrocyturia血尿

erythrometer紅細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)灰色：grey;poli-；

poliomyelitis骨髓灰質(zhì)炎;myel/o:bonemarrow青：glauc/o:greenish,grey

glaucoma青光眼;glaucobilin膽青素;bil/o:bilechloroquine氯奎

chlorophyll葉綠素;-phyll:leaf黃色：yellow;xantho-;xanthoma黃瘤;xanth/o:yellowxanthine黃嘌呤jaundice黃疸xanthosis黃疸xanthoma脂肪性纖維瘤6.臟器方面的詞綴心heart,cardio-carditis心臟炎；cardiopuncture心穿刺術(shù)

cardiology心臟病學(xué)；cardiologist腦brainencephalo-[‘enkef?l??]；cerebralcerebrum大腦；encephalitis[en'sef?'la?t?s]大腦炎

cerebellum小腦；cerebritis小腦炎

肺lungpulmon-：pulmonary['p?lm?n?ri]pulmonitis肺炎；pneumonia肺炎Pulmonectomy[p?lm?'nekt?m?]肺切pulmonology肺學(xué)肝liver，hepato-；heptatichepatitis肝炎；hepatology肝學(xué)

hepatobiliary肝膽的；bil/o:bile胃stomach，gastro-；gastricgastritis胃炎；gastrointestinal胃腸的

gastrology胃學(xué)膽gallbladder['g?:l'bl?d?];chol/o:biliary,bilecholecystitis[k?l?s?s'ta?t?s膽囊炎;cyst/o:cyst,urinarybladder囊，膀胱

cholecyst膽囊；gall-stone膽結(jié)石

腸intestine；entero-；intestinalenteritis腸炎；enterectomy腸切除脾spleensplen/o:spleen;splenalgia脾痛–algia:painsplenectomy[spl?'nekt?m?]脾切除術(shù)胰腺pancreas，panreatic；pancreat/o:pancreatitis胰腺炎；pancreatopathy胰病pathy:變態(tài)或疾病(Latinsuffix=abnormalityordisease)

腎kidney；nephro-；rena-；

nephritis腎炎；nephropathy腎病

renalfailure腎衰竭；

renalportalvein腎門(mén)靜脈血bloodhem/o:;hemat/o:hematology血液學(xué)；hemoglobin血紅蛋白

hematoma血腫；hemorrhage['hem?r?d?]出血，失血血管bloodvessel；vaso-；

cardiovasology心血管學(xué)；

cerebrovascular腦血管的靜脈vein；ven-；

venography靜脈造影；intravenous靜脈注射的；靜脈內(nèi)的

venoconstriction靜脈收縮；

venodilation靜脈擴(kuò)張

動(dòng)脈artery；arterio-；

arteriology動(dòng)脈學(xué)；arteriole['ɑ:t??ri??l小動(dòng)脈

arteriosclerosis[ɑ:t??ri??skl?'r??s?s]動(dòng)脈硬化肌肉muscle；my/o:musclemyology肌肉學(xué)；myocarditis心肌炎骨髓bonemarrow；myel/o:myelitis骨髓炎；myeloma[ma??'l??m?]骨髓瘤

神經(jīng)nerve；neur/o:neuro-neurology神經(jīng)學(xué)；neuritis神經(jīng)炎

neuron神經(jīng)元細(xì)胞cell；cyte-；-cytecytology細(xì)胞學(xué)；leukocyte['lu:k?sa?t]白細(xì)胞

cytoma['sa?t??m?]細(xì)胞瘤

尿urine['j??r?n]uro-；ur-urology泌尿?qū)W；urosurgery泌尿手術(shù)

urogenital泌尿生殖的體body，somat/o:-somesomatology軀體學(xué)；somatopsychic[s??m?t?'sa?k?k]身心的

chromosome['kr??m?s??m]染色體

7.與檢查有關(guān)的詞綴

鏡檢：-scopy鏡檢法;scope鏡

gastroscopy胃鏡法；

celioscope；laparoscope體腔鏡；腹腔鏡

celi/o:lapar/o:abodomen,bellyperitoneoscopy[per?t?n?'?sk?p?]腹膜鏡檢法

cardioscope心臟檢查鏡，

量具：-meter:instrumentformeasuringcardiometer心力計(jì)；

thermometer溫度計(jì)

bloodpressuremeter血壓計(jì)

densimeter密度計(jì)；density密度

心電圖：electrocardiogram=ECG;eletrocardiograph心電圖儀腦電圖:electroencephalogram=EEGencephalo

['enkef?l??]腦

B超:typeBultrasonicCT：computerizedtomography計(jì)算機(jī)x射線斷層同位素:isotope;isotopicexamination

同位素檢查尿檢urineanalysis血常規(guī)bloodroutine

8.數(shù)字方面的詞綴一：mon/o:uni-Monday;carbonmonoxideunidirection單向的monoclone單克隆二：bi-；di-bilateral兩側(cè)的

biphasic雙向性的

carbondioxidedipoptide二肽三：tri-trilateral三邊的

tricycle四：tetra-tetracycline四環(huán)素cycline環(huán)化素

tetraplegia四癱plegia

[p'l?d??]麻痹，癱，癱瘓

tetramer四聚物mer/meros(Greek=part)（希臘語(yǔ)）部分五：penta-Pentagon五邊形

pentachromic五色的

pentachloride五氯化鈉六：hexa-hexachromic六色的

benzenehexachloride六氯化苯（六六六）七：hepta-;sept/o:seven;septum

(隔膜)heptachromic七色的

heptaploid七倍體ploid倍體

septangle七邊形；

septotomy房隔切開(kāi)術(shù)tomy

septostomy

房隔造口術(shù)ostomy八：octa-octahedral八面體的octalsystem八進(jìn)制九：nona-nonapeptide九肽

nonagon九邊形十：deca-decade十年

decagram十克

deciliter十分之一升deci十分之一多：poly-；multi-；

polyuria多尿；polymer聚合體

polyopia復(fù)視癥-opia:眼,視力；multimediapolyoposia飲水過(guò)多;-posia:drinkingpolyphagia[p?l?'fe?d???]貪食癥(雜食);phag/o:eating

少：-penia：-penic：deficiency,lack；olig/o:deficiency,few

→agranulocytopenia[?ɡr?nj?l?sa?'t??pi:n??]粒細(xì)胞缺乏癥→oliguria小便減少;

大：macro-;-megalymacronucleus巨核；macrophage巨噬細(xì)胞phage;抗菌素，噬菌體splenomegaly脾腫大；hepatmegaly肝腫大小:micro-;-letmicroorganism；microscopymicronucleus微核；

droplet小滴；platelet血小板

leaflet小葉；booklet小冊(cè)

9.其他方面的詞綴

1.怕，畏懼–phobia:fear

photophobiaphot/o:light畏光

noctophobia;noct/o:night怕黑hydraphobia恐水癥(狂犬病)hydro-waterxenophobia[zen?'f??bi?]怕生客;xen/o:stranger

困難dys-：bad,difficultydysfunction功能障礙;dyspepsia消化不良

peps/o：digestiondyspnea[d?s'pni:?]呼吸困難-pnea：breathingdysuria排尿困難dystrophy;-trophy:nourishment營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良

dystocia難產(chǎn)-tocia：birthdystopia=dystopy異位,錯(cuò)位top/o：positiondysplasia發(fā)育不良;plas/o:-plasia:formation,growth,development不良mal-：badmalnutrition營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良；malpractice事故

malfunction機(jī)能障礙

malignant惡性的maladministration管理不善好，正，eu-：good

eupepsia消化良好（正常）

peps/o:digestioneutopic正位的:top/o:position,locationeutocia順產(chǎn)(正常分娩;-tocia//-toscin:labour,delivery分娩

euesthesia

[ju:es'θi:z??]感覺(jué)良好（正常）

:esthesi/o:feelingeugenic優(yōu)生的adj.eugenics優(yōu)生學(xué);gen/o:producingeuthanasia[ju:θ?'ne?zi?安樂(lè)死;-thanasia:death瘤，腫塊–oma:tumor;cancer;swellinglymphoma淋巴瘤；adenoma腺瘤

hematoma血腫血癥–emia：bloodconditionleukemia白血??；septisemia敗血癥

bacteremial菌血癥

anemia貧血an-：without

高：hyper-：high，above;hyperdynamia:肌力過(guò)度;hypertension高血壓（highbloodpressure）

hypertonia張力/壓力過(guò)高

hypertonicadj.張力亢進(jìn)的hypersensitive過(guò)敏的hyperplasia增生-plasia：growth低：hypo-;low;belowhypotoniahypotonic張力/壓力過(guò)低（的）

hypodynamia乏力（力不足）;dynam/o:power,force;dynamicadj.dynamicshypotension;lowbloodpressure,hyposensitive弱敏的，敏感度減弱的

急促：tachy-:quick

tachypnea呼吸急促

tachycardia(心動(dòng)過(guò)速)急性：acuteattack急性發(fā)作急診：emergency慢性：chronic麻痹–plegia:beingsenseless；paralysishemiplegia半身不遂；panplegia全身癱瘓

pan-：wholemyoplegia肌癱

facioplegia面癱壞死–necrosis：death，necro-；deathhepatonecrosis肝壞死；

necrospermia死精癥；

osteonecrosis[?st???ne'kr??s?s]骨壞死;oste/o:bone流出–rrhea：flowing；burstingoutdiarrhea腹瀉；

menorrhea[men?'r??]行經(jīng)(flow,discharge)hemorrhage[

'hem?r?d?]出血(burstingforthofblood)entorrhagia英[ent?'re?d???]內(nèi)出血(burstingforthofblood)

ent/o:inside,inner

狹窄-stenosis:narrowingarteriostenosis動(dòng)脈狹窄軟化–malacia;softening

cerebromalacia腦軟化

cerebr/o:cerebrum,brain

硬化-sclerosis:hardeningcerebrosclerosis英

[ser?br??skl??'r??s?s]腦硬化疏松-porosis:passageosteoporosis(passage)

[?sti??p?'r??s?s]骨質(zhì)疏松擴(kuò)張,增大-ectasis:dilation,stretchingbronchiectasis支氣管擴(kuò)張止血-schesis

['ski:s?s]：holdingback,suppressionofdischarge)hemoschesis閉塞：rhinocleisis(closure,blockage閉)

rhinocleisis

[ra?n?'kla?s?s]鼻腔堵塞；rhin/o：nose

沖洗–clysis:washingrhinoclysis(washing)鼻沖洗

彎曲-cyllosis:-cyrtosis:crookingbrachiocyllosis=brachiocyrtosis臂彎曲brachi/o:brachium,arm;療法：-therapyradiotherapy放療;radiotherapist(放療專家)chemotherapy化療

physiotherapy理療

psychotherapy心理療法

therapist治療師無(wú)，沒(méi)有a-an-:withoutatypical非典型性的

asexual無(wú)性的

asymptomatic無(wú)癥狀的

anemia貧血

anorexia

[?n?'reksi?]厭食癥orex/o:appetiteanesthesia

[?n?s'θi:zi?]麻醉(感覺(jué)缺失:esthesi/o:feeling,perception肥胖:fat?obese

[??'bi:s]adj.obesityn.夜間盜汗;nightsweats血常規(guī):routinebloodtest中風(fēng):卒中（拉丁語(yǔ)）

stroke

cerebrovascularaccident(CVA)

apoplexy:asuddenlossofconsciousnessresultingwhentheruptureor