2022年考研考博-考博英語-華東政法大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號54

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-華東政法大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Onlywhenchildrenmake___effortscantheybecomesuccessful.

問題1選項

A.arduous

B.adequate

C.affluent

D.abundant

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項arduous“努力的；費力的；險峻的”；B選項adequate“充足的（能滿足需要的，不強調(diào)富余）；適當?shù)?；勝任的”；C選項affluent“富裕的；豐富的（有很多錢和良好的生活水平）；流暢的”；D選項abundant“豐富的；充裕的；盛產(chǎn)的（著重某物極為豐富有或大量的供應）”。句意：只有當孩子們做出足夠的努力，他們才能成功。本句表達“足夠的努力”，因此B選項正確。

2.單選題

Ⅶ.(CivilandCommercialLaw)

Whenlegislators,policyanalysts,andopinionleadersdiscussfamilychangetheyusuallyfocusontwoissues:out-of-wedlockbirthsandfatherlessfamilies.Inmanycasestheydiscussthesetwoissuesasiftheywereidentical.Yetmorethanhalfofallfatherlessfamiliesarecreatedbydivorce,separation,death,orimprisonment,andnearlyhalfofallout-of-wedlockbirthsarenowtocohabitingfathersandmothers.Thesefactssuggestthatweneedtobemorepreciseaboutwhichchangesworryus.Americansworryaboutfamilychangeforatleastthreekindsofreasons,whichwewilllabeleconomic,developmental,andmoral.

Fromaneconomicperspective,themosttroublingfeatureoffamilychangehasbeenthespreadoffamiliesheadedbyasinglemotherwhoisnotlivingwithanotheradultwhohelpssupportherandherchildren.Singlemothersseldomcommandhighwages.Theyalsofinditunusuallydifficulttoworklonghours,sincetheymustalsocarefortheirchildren.Manygetverylittlechildsupportfromtheabsentfather,andevengenerouschildsupportpaymentsprovidelessmoneythanaresidentfatherwiththesameincomewouldnormallyprovide.Whilesinglemothersareeligibleforvariousformsofpublicassistance,neitherlegislatorsnorvotershavewantedtomakesuchassistanceatallgenerous,lestgenerosityencouragestillmorewomentoraisechildrenontheirown.Thespreadofsingle-motherfamilieshasthereforeplayedamajorroleinthepersistenceofpovertyintheUnitedStates.In1964,whenLyndonJohnsondeclaredawaronpoverty,only30percentofpoorfamilieswithchildrenwereheadedbysinglemothers.Sincethelate1970sthefigurehasbeenabout60percent.

NotallchildrenfromdisruptedfamilieslivewithwhattheEnglishcallalonemother,butotherlivingarrangementsarelesslikelytoleavechildreninpoverty.Motherswhodivorceandremarrytendtobeaboutaswelloffeconomicallyasmotherswhoremainmarriedtotheirchildren’sbiologicalfather.Unmarriedmotherswhocohabitwithaboyfriendalsotendtohavesignificantlyhigherhouseholdincomesthanthosewholiveontheirown,althoughitisnotclearhowmuchofthetypicalboyfriend’sincomeisavailabletosupportthemother’schildren.Andwhenunmarriedmotherslivewiththeirparentsorotherrelatives,theytoofacefewereconomicproblemsthanwhentheylivealone.Ifwearemainlyconcernedwithreducingchildpoverty,allthesealternativesreduceitsincidence.

DavidT.EllwoodandChristopherJencks:TheSpreadof

Single-ParentFamiliesintheUnitedStatessince1960

75.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrueaccordingtothe1stparagraph?

76.Fromthe2ndparagraph,weknowthattheeconomicproblemofsingle-parentfamilyis___.

77.Whichofthefollowingsituationisnotmentionedincomparingwithalonemother?

78.Theunderlinedsentenceinthe2ndparagraphdoesNOTmeanthat___.

問題1選項

A.Out-of-wedlockbirthisnottheonlycauseforsingle-parentfamilies.

B.Nearlyhalfofallout-of-wedlockbornebabiesarenowlivingwiththeirparents.

C.Lessthanhalfofallmotherlessfamiliesarecreatedbydivorce,separationordeath.

D.Out-of-wedlockbirthsandfatherlessfamiliesaretwoseparateissues.

問題2選項

A.poverty

B.thelow-incomemother

C.lackofgovernmentassistance

D.lackofsupportfromthechild’sfather

問題3選項

A.Motherswhodivorceandremarry.

B.Motherswhoremainmarriedtotheirchildren’sbiologicalfather.

C.Unmarriedmotherswhocohabitwithaboyfriend.

D.Unmarriedmotherslivewiththeirparents.

問題4選項

A.morekidsofpoorfamiliesarelivinginsingle-parentfamiliesnow

B.morethanhalfofthepoorfamilieswithchildrenaresingle-parentfamilies

C.therateofpoorsingle-parentfamilieshasdoubledsincethelate1970s

D.thedivorceratehasdoubledsince1964

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

【解析】75.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段Yetmorethanhalfofallfatherlessfamiliesarecreatedbydivorce,separation,death,orimprisonment,andnearlyhalfofallout-of-wedlockbirthsarenowtocohabitingfathersandmothers.（然而，半數(shù)以上的無父家庭是由離婚、分居、死亡或監(jiān)禁造成的，近一半的非婚生孩子現(xiàn)在是由同居的父親和母親產(chǎn)生的）可知C選項“在所有無母親家庭中，只有不到一半是由離婚、分居或死亡造成的”和原文不符以及B選項“近一半的非婚生嬰兒現(xiàn)在和父母住在一起”和原文相符；第一段Whenlegislators,policyanalysts,andopinionleadersdiscussfamilychangetheyusuallyfocusontwoissues:out-of-wedlockbirthsandfatherlessfamilies.Inmanycasestheydiscussthesetwoissuesasiftheywereidentical.（當立法者、政策分析人士和意見領袖討論家庭變化時，他們通常關注兩個問題：非婚生育和無父家庭。在許多情況下，他們討論這兩個問題，仿佛它們是相同的）可知A選項“非婚生育并不是單親家庭的唯一原因”；結合上文所提到的內(nèi)容可知D選項“非婚生育和無父家庭是兩個獨立的問題”符合原文。因此C選項符合題意。

76.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段第二句Theyalsofinditunusuallydifficulttoworklonghours,sincetheymustalsocarefortheirchildren.Manygetverylittlechildsupportfromtheabsentfather,andevengenerouschildsupportpaymentsprovidelessmoneythanaresidentfatherwiththesameincomewouldnormallyprovide.Whilesinglemothersareeligibleforvariousformsofpublicassistance,neitherlegislatorsnorvotershavewantedtomakesuchassistanceatallgenerous,lestgenerosityencouragestillmorewomentoraisechildrenontheirown.（她們還發(fā)現(xiàn)長時間工作異常困難，因為她們還要照顧孩子。許多人從缺席的父親那里得到的子女撫養(yǎng)費非常少，即使是慷慨的子女撫養(yǎng)費也比收入相同的常住父親通常提供的錢要少。雖然單身母親有資格獲得各種形式的公共援助，但立法者和選民都不想讓這種援助慷慨，以免慷慨會鼓勵更多的女性獨自撫養(yǎng)孩子）有涉及到B選項“低收入母親”，C選項“缺乏政府的幫助”以及D選項“缺乏來自孩子父親的支持”，但是結合下文Thespreadofsingle-motherfamilieshasthereforeplayedamajorroleinthepersistenceofpovertyintheUnitedStates.（因此，單親母親家庭的蔓延對美國貧困的持續(xù)存在起到了重要作用）可以推斷出貧困才是導致這些問題的回答，A選項“貧困”包括了B，C，D選項在內(nèi)。因此A選項正確。

77.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第三段Motherswhodivorceandremarrytendtobeaboutaswelloffeconomicallyasmotherswhoremainmarriedtotheirchildren’sbiologicalfather.（離婚后再婚的母親在經(jīng)濟上與孩子生父保持婚姻關系的母親差不多）可知A選項“離婚后再婚的母親”有提及；第三段Unmarriedmotherswhocohabitwithaboyfriendalsotendtohavesignificantlyhigherhouseholdincomesthanthosewholiveontheirown…（與男友同居的未婚母親的家庭收入也明顯高于獨自生活的母親……）可知C選項“與男朋友同居的未婚母親”有提及；第三段Andwhenunmarriedmotherslivewiththeirparentsorotherrelative…（而且，當未婚母親與父母或其他親戚住在一起時……）可知D選項“和父母住在一起的未婚媽媽”有提及；B選項“與孩子的生父保持婚姻關系的母親”原文未涉及。因此B選項符合題意。

78.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段劃線句子處In1964,whenLyndonJohnsondeclaredawaronpoverty,only30percentofpoorfamilieswithchildrenwereheadedbysinglemothers.Sincethelate1970sthefigurehasbeenabout60percent.（1964年，當林登?約翰遜宣布向貧困宣戰(zhàn)時，只有30%的有孩子的貧困家庭由單身母親撫養(yǎng)。自20世紀70年代末以來，這個數(shù)字一直在60%左右）可知選C選項“20世紀70年代末以來，貧困單親家庭的比例翻了一番”；A選項“現(xiàn)在越來越多的貧困家庭的孩子生活在單親家庭”，B選項“有孩子的貧困家庭一半以上是單親家庭”以及D選項“離婚率自1964年以來翻了一番”原文都未提及，排除。因此C選項正確。

3.單選題

Moreandmore,theoperationsofourbusinesses,governments,andfinancialinstitutionsarecontrolledbyinformationthatexistsonlyinsidecomputermemories.Anyonecleverenoughtomodifythisinformationforhisownpurposescanreapsubstantialrewards.Evenworse,anumberofpeoplewhohavedonethisandbeencaughtatithavemanagedtogetawaywithoutpunishment.

It’seasyforcomputercrimestogoundetectedifnoonechecksuponwhatthecomputerisdoing.Butevenifthecrimeisdetected,thecriminalmaywalkawaynotonlyunpunishedbutwithaglowingrecommendationfromhisformeremployers.

Ofcourse,wehavenostatisticsoncrimesthatgoundetected.Butit’sdisturbingtonotehowmanyofthecrimeswedoknowaboutweredetectedbyaccident,notbysystematicinspectionsorothersecurityprocedures.Thecomputercriminalswhohavebeencaughtmayhavebeenthevictimsofuncommonlybadluck.

Forexample,acertainkeypunchoperatorcomplainedofhavingtostayovertimetopunchextracards.Investigationrevealedthattheextracardshewasbeingaskedtopunchwerefordishonesttransactions.Inanothercase,dissatisfiedemployeesofthethieftippedoffthecompanythatwasbeingrobbed.

Unlikeotherlawbreakers,whomustleavethecountry,commitsuicide,orgotojail,computercriminalssometimesescapepunishment,demandingnotonlythattheynotbechargedbutthattheybegivengoodrecommendationsandperhapsotherbenefits.Alltoooften,theirdemandshavebeenmet.

Why?Becausecompanyexecutivesareafraidofthebadpublicitythatwouldresultifthepublicfoundoutthattheircomputerhadbeenmisused.Theyhesitateatthethoughtofacriminalboastinginopencourtofhowhejuggled(耍弄)themostconfidentialrecordsrightunderthenosesofthecompany’sexecutives,accountants,andsecuritystaff.Andsoanothercomputercriminaldepartswithjusttherecommendationsheneedstocontinuehiscrimeselsewhere.

1.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat___.

2.Itisimpliedinthethirdparagraphthat___.

3.Whichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassage?

4.Whatmayhappentocomputercriminalsoncetheyarecaught?

5.Thepassageismainlyabout___.

問題1選項

A.itisstillimpossibletodetectcomputercrimestoday

B.computercrimesarethemostseriousproblemintheoperationoffinancialinstitutions

C.manycomputercriminalscanescapepunishmentbecausetheycan’tbedetected

D.peoplecommitcomputercrimesattherequestoftheircompany

問題2選項

A.manymorecomputercrimesgoundetectedthanarediscovered

B.therapidincreaseofcomputercrimesisatroublesomeproblem

C.mostcomputercriminalsaresmartenoughtocoveruptheircrimes

D.mostcomputercriminalsaresmartenoughtocoveruptheirbadluck

問題3選項

A.Astrictlawagainstcomputercrimesmustbeenforced.

B.Companiesneedtoimposerestrictionsonconfidentialinformation.

C.Companieswillguardagainstcomputercrimestoprotecttheirreputation.

D.Companiesusuallyhesitatetouncovercomputercrimes.

問題4選項

A.Withabadreputationtheycanhardlyfindanotherjob.

B.Theywillbedeniedaccesstoconfidentialrecords.

C.Theymaywalkawayandeasilyfindanotherjob.

D.Theymustleavethecountryorgotojail.

問題5選項

A.whycomputercrimesaredifficulttodetectbysystematicinspections

B.howcomputercriminalsmanagetogetgoodrecommendationfromtheirformeremployers

C.whycomputercriminalsareoftenabletoescapepunishment

D.whycomputercrimescan’tbeeliminated

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。定位到原文第四段第一，二句Forexample,acertainkeypunchoperatorcomplainedofhavingtostayovertimetopunchextracards.Investigationrevealedthattheextracardshewasbeingaskedtopunchwerefordishonesttransactions.（例如，一個鍵盤打孔操作員抱怨說，他不得不加班打卡。調(diào)查顯示，他被要求打額外的卡是為了不誠實的交易）可知人們可能會被公司要求進行計算機犯罪，選D選項“人們在公司的要求下進行計算機犯罪”；根據(jù)第二段It’seasyforcomputercrimestogoundetected…Butevenifthecrimeisdetected,thecriminalmaywalkawaynotonlyunpunished...（電腦犯罪很容易不被發(fā)現(xiàn)……但即使被發(fā)現(xiàn)，罪犯不僅可能逍遙法外……）可知A選項“今天仍然不可能發(fā)現(xiàn)計算機犯罪”錯誤；原文沒有確切的提及B選項“計算機犯罪是金融機構運作中最嚴重的問題”；第五段Unlikeotherlawbreakers,whomustleavethecountry,commitsuicide,orgotojail,computercriminalssometimesescapepunishment,demandingnotonlythattheynotbechargedbutthattheybegivengoodrecommendationsandperhapsotherbenefits.（與其他違法者不同，電腦罪犯有時會逃避懲罰，他們不僅要求不起訴他們，還要求給他們好的推薦信或者其他好處）以及第六段Why?Becausecompanyexecutivesareafraidofthebadpublicitythatwouldresultifthepublicfoundoutthattheircomputerhadbeenmisused.（為什么？因為公司的管理人員擔心，如果公眾發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的電腦被濫用，會造成不良的公眾形象）可知C選項“許多計算機罪犯可以逃脫懲罰，因為他們不能被發(fā)現(xiàn)”錯誤。因此D選項符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段Ofcourse,wehavenostatisticsoncrimesthatgoundetected.Butit’sdisturbingtonotehowmanyofthecrimeswedoknowaboutweredetectedbyaccident,notbysystematicinspectionsorothersecurityprocedures.Thecomputercriminalswhohavebeencaughtmayhavebeenthevictimsofuncommonlybadluck.（當然，我們沒有未被發(fā)現(xiàn)的犯罪的統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)。但令人不安的是，我們知道有多少犯罪是偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)的，而不是通過系統(tǒng)檢查或其他安全程序。被抓住的計算機罪犯可能是不尋常的壞運氣的受害者）可知作者暗示系統(tǒng)檢查或其他安全程序并不能很好的發(fā)現(xiàn)犯罪行為，被發(fā)現(xiàn)的罪犯很多只是因為運氣不好被偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)，而沒有被發(fā)現(xiàn)的罪犯數(shù)量要多得多，選A選項“沒有被發(fā)現(xiàn)的電腦犯罪比被發(fā)現(xiàn)的要多得多”；B選項“計算機犯罪的迅速增加是一個棘手的問題”，C選項“大多數(shù)電腦罪犯足夠聰明來掩蓋他們的罪行”以及D選項“大多數(shù)電腦罪犯都足夠聰明來掩蓋他們的壞運氣”原文未提及，原段落未表明大多數(shù)電腦罪犯足夠聰明這一觀點。因此A選項正確。

3.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文最后一段Theyhesitateatthethoughtofacriminalboastinginopencourtofhowhejuggledthemostconfidentialrecordsrightunderthenosesofthecompany’sexecutives,accountants,andsecuritystaff.（一想到一個罪犯在公開法庭上吹噓自己是如何在公司高管、會計和安全人員的鼻子底下篡改最機密的記錄，他們就會猶豫）可知選D選項“公司通常對揭露計算機犯罪猶豫不決”，結合最后一段最后一句話Andsoanothercomputercriminaldepartswithjusttherecommendationsheneedstocontinuehiscrimeselsewhere.（就這樣，另一個電腦罪犯離開了，只帶著他需要的建議去其他地方繼續(xù)他的犯罪）可知C選項“公司將防范計算機犯罪以保護他們的聲譽”錯誤；A選項“必須實施嚴厲的法律來打擊計算機犯罪”，B選項“公司需要對機密信息施加限制”未在文章內(nèi)提及。因此D選項正確。

4.推理判斷題。第五段Unlikeotherlawbreakers,whomustleavethecountry,commitsuicide,orgotojail,computercriminalssometimesescapepunishment,demandingnotonlythattheynotbechargedbutthattheybegivengoodrecommendationsandperhapsotherbenefits.（與其他違法者不同，電腦罪犯有時會逃避懲罰，他們不僅要求不起訴他們，還要求給他們好的推薦信或者其他好處）以及第六段Andsoanothercomputercriminaldepartswithjusttherecommendationsheneedstocontinuehiscrimeselsewhere.（就這樣，另一個電腦罪犯離開了，只帶著他需要的建議去其他地方繼續(xù)他的犯罪）可知選C選項“他們可能會離開，很容易找到另一份工作”，同時可知A選項“由于名聲不好，他們很難找到另一份工作”，D選項“他們必須離開這個國家，否則就進監(jiān)獄”錯誤；B選項“他們將被拒絕訪問機密記錄”原文未提及。因此C選項正確。

5.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段Anyonecleverenoughtomodifythisinformationforhisownpurposescanreapsubstantialrewards.Evenworse,anumberofpeoplewhohavedonethisandbeencaughtatithavemanagedtogetawaywithoutpunishment.（任何聰明到能夠為自己的目的修改這些信息的人都能獲得可觀的回報。更糟糕的是，許多這樣做并被抓住的人都設法逃脫了懲罰）可知文章開頭就提到很多計算機罪犯即使被抓住也會逃脫懲罰，接下來的幾段都圍繞這一觀點展開，分別列舉不同的例子來證明為什么這件事會發(fā)生，可知選C選項“為什么電腦罪犯經(jīng)常能夠逃脫懲罰”；原文只是提及Butit’sdisturbingtonotehowmanyofthecrimeswedoknowaboutweredetectedbyaccident,notbysystematicinspectionsorothersecurityprocedures.（但令人不安的是，我們知道有多少犯罪是偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)的，而不是通過系統(tǒng)檢查或其他安全程序），沒有詳細描寫A選項“為什么計算機犯罪很難被系統(tǒng)的檢查發(fā)現(xiàn)”，排除；B選項“計算機罪犯如何設法從他們的前雇主那里得到好的推薦信”和原文不相符；D選項“為什么計算機犯罪不能被消除”原文未提及。因此C選項正確。

4.單選題

Christine’srealproblemisthatshe___confidence.

問題1選項

A.islackof

B.islackin

C.lacksfor

D.lacksof

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。lackof“沒有，缺乏；不足，不夠”，名詞短語；lackin“缺少，在……缺少，缺乏”，動詞短語。A選項be動詞+名詞短語作謂語，正確；B選項be動詞+動詞短語，錯誤；C選項lackfor一般不做固定搭配；D選項lackof名詞短語不能當謂語。因此A選項符合題意。

5.單選題

Allofthewomen___athowwellformedthebabywas.

問題1選項

A.acclaimed

B.declaimed

C.proclaimed

D.exclaimed

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項acclaimed“稱贊；為……喝彩，向……歡呼”；B選項declaimed“慷慨陳詞；演講；朗讀”；C選項proclaimed“宣告，公布；聲明；表明；贊揚”；D選項exclaimed“（由于強烈的情感或痛苦而）驚叫，呼喊”。句意：所有的婦女都___這個嬰兒發(fā)育得多么好。本句表達“婦女稱贊嬰兒發(fā)育的好”，因此C選項正確。

6.單選題

Ifthefirealarmissounded,allresidentsarerequestedto___inthecourtyard.

問題1選項

A.converge

B.assemble

C.crowd

D.accumulate

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項converge“聚集（從不同的方向走向一個地方并相遇）；靠攏；收斂”；B選項assemble“集合，聚集；裝配；收集（作為一個團體聚集在一起或者把人或事物作為一個團體聚集在一起）”；C選項crowd“擠滿；逼近（某人）；聚集（站得很近以至于使某人感到不舒服或緊張）；（想法或觀點）塞滿腦子；催促（因而使人生氣或不快）”；D選項accumulate“累積；積聚（在一段時間內(nèi)逐漸得到越來越多某物）”。句意：如火警響起，請所有居民在庭院___。本句表達“火災發(fā)生的話請所有居民作為一個團體聚集在庭院”，因此B選項正確。

7.單選題

IV.CriminalLaw

Tworecenteventshavebroughtmoreattentiontothisproblem.OneinvolvesthedecisionnottochargeNBCanchorDavidGregorywithweapons—lawviolationsbearingapotentialyear-longsentence—forbrandishinga30-roundmagazine(彈夾)(illegalinD.C.),despitetheprosecutor’sstatementthattheon-airviolationwasclear;theotherinvolvesprosecutors’ratherenthusiasticeffortstoprosecuteReddit(一個社會化新聞網(wǎng)站)founderAaronSwartzfordownloadingacademicjournalarticlesfromacloseddatabase,prosecutorialeffortssoenthusiasticthatSwartzcommittedsuicideinthefaceofapotential50-yearsentence.

Bothcaseshavearousedcriticism,andinSwartz’scaseevenlegislationdesignedtoensurethatviolatingwebsites’termscannotbeprosecutedasacrime.Buttheproblemismuchbroader.Giventhevastweboflegislationandregulationthatexiststoday,virtuallyanyAmericanisatriskofprosecutionshouldaprosecutordecidethattheyare,inRobertJackson’s(原美國司法部長，后任最高法院法官)words,aperson“heshouldget.”

AsTimWurecountedin2007,apopulargameintheU.S.Attorney’sofficeintheSouthernDistrictofNewYorkwastonameafamousperson—MotherTeresa(特蕾莎修女——諾貝爾和平獎獲得者),orJohnLennon(約翰?列儂——披頭士樂隊成員)—anddecidehowtheycouldbeprosecuted:“Itwouldthenbeuptothejuniorprosecutorstofigureoutaplausiblecrimeforwhichtoindicthimorher.Thecrimeswerenotusuallyrape,murder,orothercrimesyou’dseeonaTVshowbutrathertheincrediblybroadyetobscurecrimesthatpopulatetheU.S.Codelikeakindofjurisprudentialminefield:Crimeslike‘falsestatements’(afelony,uptofiveyears),‘obstructingthemails’(fiveyears),or‘falsepretensesonthehighseas’(alsofiveyears).Thetrickandtheskilllayinfindingthemoreobscureoffensesthatfitthecharacterofthecelebrityandcarriedthetoughestsentences.The,result,however,wasinevitable:‘prisontime.’”

WithsomanymorefederallawsandregulationsthanwerepresentinJackson’sday,thetaskforprosecutorsoffirstchoosingtheman—orwoman—andthenpinningthecrimeonhimorherhasbecomemucheasier.

Theupshotofcommentisthattheproliferationoffederalcriminalstatutesandregulationshasreachedthepointthatvirtuallyeverycitizen,knowinglyornot(usuallynot)ispotentiallyatriskforprosecution.Thatisundoubtedlytrue,andtheconsequencesaredrasticandtroubling.

63.Withthetwoexamplesinthe1stparagraph,theauthorwantstoshowthat___.

64.Whatistheproblemtheauthorthinksreferredtointhe2ndparagraph?

65.ThegamedescribedbyTimWuinthe3rdparagraphis___.

66.Theaboveparagraphsshowthattheauthoris___withthesituationintheUS.

問題1選項

A.brandishingmagazineisnotasseriousasdownloadingthousandsofacademicarticles.

B.prosecutorshavelargediscretioninprosecutingpeople.

C.prosecutorsindifferentplaceshavedifferentstandardofprosecution.

D.AaronSwartzcommittedsuicidebecausehedidnotwanttobeintheprison.

問題2選項

A.Lackoflegislationforviolatingwebsites’terms.

B.AnyAmericanisatriskofprosecution.

C.Toomanylegislationandregulationthatexisttoday.

D.Prosecutors’discretiontochargeindividualswithcrimeamplifiedbyhugenumberoflaws.

問題3選項

A.usedinsomeplacestotrainjuniorprosecutors

B.findingoutwhatcrimeMotherTeresacouldcommit

C.findingoutwhatcrimeJohnLennoncouldcommit

D.ordinarycrimesdonotfiteitherMotherTeresaorJohnLennon

問題4選項

A.satisfied

B.ataloss

C.worried

D.concerned

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:C

【解析】63.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。第一段提到兩個例子，第一是主播大衛(wèi)?格雷戈里在直播中有非法舉動，但是檢察官決定不起訴他，第二個例子是Reddit創(chuàng)始人艾倫?斯沃茨，他從一個封閉的數(shù)據(jù)庫中下載學術期刊文章，檢察官決定起訴他，艾倫?斯沃茨在面臨可能50年監(jiān)禁的情況下自殺了，結合第二段所提到的內(nèi)容virtuallyanyAmericanisatriskofprosecutionshouldaprosecutordecidethattheyare（事實上，只要檢察官認定，任何美國人都有被起訴的風險）可知第一段所舉的兩個例子是想表明檢察官在起訴人時有很大的權利，很自由，選B選項“檢察官在起訴人時有很大的自由裁量權”；A選項“炫耀雜志并不像下載成千上萬的學術文章那么嚴肅”和C選項“不同地方的檢察官有不同的起訴標準”原文未提及；D選項“艾倫?斯沃茨自殺了，因為他不想待在監(jiān)獄里”雖然原文提及，但是只是一個例子中的一個方面，并不能概括作者舉兩個例子的意圖。因此B選項正確。

64.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第二段Giventhevastweboflegislationandregulationthatexiststoday,virtuallyanyAmericanisatriskofprosecutionshouldaprosecutordecidethattheyare（鑒于目前存在的龐大的法律法規(guī)網(wǎng)絡，如果檢察官認定，幾乎任何美國人都有被起訴的風險）可知作者在這里想表明的問題是檢察官在起訴人時有很大的權利，很自由，選D選項“檢察官對被大量法律放大的犯罪指控個人的自由裁量權”，同時可知A選項“缺乏違反網(wǎng)站條款的法律”錯誤，原文提到了“存在的龐大的法律法規(guī)網(wǎng)絡”，A選項和原文相悖；B選項“任何美國人都有被起訴的風險”以及C選項“現(xiàn)在有太多的立法和法規(guī)”并不是第二段提出的主要問題，第二段主要想強調(diào)檢察官的權利。因此D選項正確。

65.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關鍵字“TimWu”定位到原文第三段AsTimWurecountedin2007,apopulargameintheU.S.Attorney’sofficeintheSouthernDistrictofNewYorkwastonameafamousperson—MotherTeresa,orJohnLennon—anddecidehowtheycouldbeprosecuted:“Itwouldthenbeuptothejuniorprosecutorstofigureoutaplausiblecrimeforwhichtoindicthimorher.Thecrimeswerenotusuallyrape,murder,orothercrimesyou’dseeonaTVshowbutrathertheincrediblybroadyetobscurecrimesthatpopulatetheU.S.Codelikeakindofjurisprudentialminefield…”（正如蒂姆?吳2007年所述，在紐約南區(qū)的美國檢察官辦公室里，一個流行的游戲是給一個名人起名——特雷莎修女，或者約翰?列儂并決定如何起訴他們：“然后由初級檢察官找出一個合理的罪名來起訴他或她。這些罪行通常不是強奸、謀殺或你在電視節(jié)目中看到的其他罪行，而是充斥在美國法典中的令人難以置信的廣泛而模糊的罪行，就像一個法學雷區(qū)）可知這個小游戲是決定如何用不尋常的罪行起訴名人，選D選項“普通犯罪不適合特蕾莎修女或約翰列儂”；A選項“在一些地方用來培訓初級檢察官”原文未提及；B選項“找出特蕾莎修女可能犯下的罪行”和C選項“找出約翰列儂可能犯下的罪行”以偏概全，排除。因此D選項正確。

66.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文最后一段最后一句andtheconsequencesaredrasticandtroubling.（其后果是劇烈的和令人不安的）可知作者對于美國該情況是十分擔心的，選C選項“擔心”；A選項“滿意”，B選項“虧本”以及D選項“有關”都不符合原文作者的態(tài)度。因此C選項正確。

8.單選題

Educatorsareseriouslyconcernedaboutthehighrateofdropouts(輟學者)amongthedoctorofphilosophycandidatesandtheconsequentlossoftalenttoanationinneedofPh.D.s.Somehaveplacedthedropoutslossashighas50percent.Theextentofthelosswas,however,largelyamatterofexpertguessing.Lastweekawell-roundedstudywaspublished.Itwaspublished.Itwasbasedon22,000questionnairessenttoformergraduatestudentswhowereenrolledin24universitiesanditseemedtoshowmanypastfearstobegroundless.

Thedropoutsratewasfoundtobe31percent,andinmostcasesthedropouts,whilenotcompletingthePh.D.requirement,wentontoproductivework.Theyarenotonlydoingwellfinancially,but,accordingtothereport,arenotfarbelowtheincomelevelsofthosewhowentontocompletetheirdoctorates.

Discussingthestudylastweek,Dr.Tuckersaidtheprojectwasinitiated‘becauseoftheconcernfrequentlyexpressedbygraduatefacultiesandadministratorsthatsomeoftheindividualswhodroppedoutofPh.D.programswerecapableofcompetingtherequirementforthedegree.Attrition(縮/減員，磨損)atthePh.D.levelisalsothoughttobeawasteofpreciousfacultytimeandadrainonuniversityresourcesalreadybeingusedtocapacity.SomepeopleexpressedtheopinionthattheshortageofhighlytrainedspecialistsandcollegeteacherscouldbereducedbypersuadingthedropoutstoreturntograduateschoolstocompletethePh.D.’

“Theresultsofourresearch,”Dr.Tuckerconcluded,“didnotsupporttheseopinions.”

1.Lackofmotivationwastheprincipalreasonfordroppingout.

2.Mostdropoutswentasfarintheirdoctoralprogramaswasconsistentwiththeirlevelsofabilityortheirspecialities.

3.Mostdropoutsarenowengagedinworkconsistentwiththeireducationandmotivation.

Nearly75percentofthedropoutssaidtherewasnoacademicreasonfortheirdecision,butthosewhomentionedacademicreasoncitedfailuretopassthequalifyingexamination,uncompletedresearchandfailuretopasslanguageexams.Amongthesinglemostimportantpersonalreasonsidentifiedbydropoutsfornon-completionoftheirPh.D.program,lackoffinanceswasmarkedby19percent.

Asanindicationofhowwellthedropoutsweredoing,achartshowed2%inhumanitieswerereceiving$20,000andmoreannuallywhilenoneofthePh.D.swiththatbackgroundreachedthisfigure.ThePh.D.sshoneinthe$7,500to$15,000bracketwith78%atthatlevelagainst50%forthedropouts.Thismayalsobeanindicationofthefactthattopsalariesintheacademicfields,wherePh.D.stendtorisetothehighestsalaries,arestilllaggingbehindotherfields.

Astothepossibilityofgettingdropoutsbackoncampus,theoutlookwasglum.Themainconditionwhichwouldhavetoprevailforatleast25%ofthedropoutswhomightconsiderreturningtograduateschoolwouldbetoguaranteethattheywouldretaintheirpresentlevelofincomeandinsomecasestheirpresentjob.

31.Theauthorstatesthatmanyeducatorsfeelthat___.

32.Researchhasshownthat___.

33.MeetingforeignlanguagerequirementsforthePh.D.___.

34.Afterreadingthearticle,onewouldrefrainfromconcludingthat___.

35.Itcanbeinferredthatthehighrateofdropoutsliesin___.

問題1選項

A.stepsshouldbetakentogetthedropoutsbacktocampus

B.thedropoutsshouldreturntoalowerqualityschooltocontinuetheirstudy

C.thePh.

D.holderisgenerallyabetteradjustedpersonthanthedropoutD.thehighdropoutsrateislargelyattributabletothelackofstimulationonthepartoffacultymembers

問題2選項

A.dropoutsaresubstantiallybelowPh.D.sinfinancialattainment

B.theincentivefactorisaminoroneinregardtopursuingPh.D.studies

C.D.sinfinancialattainmentB.theincentivefactorisaminoroneinregardtopursuingPh.D.studiesC.

D.sinfinancialattainmentB.theincentivefactorisaminoroneinregardtopursuingPh.D.studiesC.thePh.D.candidateislikelytochangehisfieldofspecializationifhedropsoutD.aboutone-thirdofthosewhostartPh.D.workdonotcompletetheworktoearnthedegree

問題3選項

A.isthemostfrequentreasonfordroppingout

B.ismoredifficultforthesciencecandidatethanforthehumanitiescandidate

C.isanessentialpartofmanyPh.

D.programsD.doesnotvaryindifficultyamonguniversities

問題4選項

A.optimismreignsinregardtogettingPh.D.dropoutstoreturntotheirpursuitofthedegree

B.aPh.D.dropout,byandlarge,doesnothavewhatittakestolearnthedegree

C.D.dropoutstoreturntotheirpursuitofthedegreeB.aPh.D.dropout,byandlarge,doesnothavewhatittakestolearnthedegreeC.

D.dropoutstoreturntotheirpursuitofthedegreeB.aPh.D.dropout,byandlarge,doesnothavewhatittakestolearnthedegreeC.collegesanduniversitiesemployasubstantialnumberofPh.D.dropoutsD.Ph.D.sarenotearningwhattheydeserveinnonacademicpositions

問題5選項

A.salaryforPh.D.toolow.

B.academicrequirementtoohigh.

C.D.toolow.B.academicrequirementtoohigh.C.

D.toolow.B.academicrequirementtoohigh.C.salaryfordropoutstoohigh.D.1000positions.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】31.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文定位到第一段開頭Educatorsareseriouslyconcernedaboutthehighrateofdropouts(輟學者)amongthedoctorofphilosophycandidatesandtheconsequentlossoftalenttoanationinneedofPh.D.s.（教育工作者非常關注哲學博士候選人的高輟學率，以及一個需要博士生的國家隨之而來的人才流失）以及第三段SomepeopleexpressedtheopinionthattheshortageofhighlytrainedspecialistsandcollegeteacherscouldbereducedbypersuadingthedropoutstoreturntograduateschoolstocompletethePh.D.（一些人認為，通過說服輟學者回到研究生院攻讀博士學位，可以減少受過良好訓練的專家和大學教師的短缺）可知一些人希望采取措施說服輟學者重回校園，選A選項“應該采取措施讓輟學者重返校園”；B選項“那些輟學的學生應該回到質(zhì)量較低的學校繼續(xù)他們的學業(yè)”，C選項“擁有博士學位的人通常比輟學的人更能適應環(huán)境”以及D選項“高輟學率很大程度上是由于教員缺乏激勵”和原文不符合。因此A選項正確。

32.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第二段開頭Thedropoutsratewasfoundtobe31percent（調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，輟學率為31%）可知輟學人數(shù)占據(jù)三分之一，D選項“大約三分之一開始攻讀博士學位的人沒有完成學業(yè)獲得學位”符合原文；第二段結尾Theyarenotonlydoingwellfinancially,but,accordingt