七年級英語語法知識總結(jié)(講解考點綜合練習(xí))_冠詞

1、14/14冠 詞一、冠詞的概述1、冠詞的定義：冠詞是用來表示名詞特性的一種詞，它表示名詞可數(shù)還是不可數(shù)、單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)、任何一個還是特定的一個等。也就是說，冠詞與名詞是緊密連在一起的。冠詞主要放在名詞之前，說明名詞所表示的人或物，它不能離開名詞而單獨存在。2、冠詞的種類：(1)不定冠詞：有a/an 兩種形式?！癮”用在以輔音音素開頭的詞前面，“an”用在以元音音素開頭的詞前面。判斷一個詞是以元音音素開頭還是以輔音音素開頭，是根據(jù)讀音而不是根據(jù)字母。(2)定冠詞:只有the 一種形式。3、冠詞的泛指、特指和類指的用法：(1)泛指：指首次提到的、不限定的人或物。(2)特指：指上文已提到的人或物，或是

2、指被限制性修飾語在其后加以限定的人或物，也可以是指說話者雙方都清楚的特定的人或事物。(3)類指：表示類別冠詞的用法：概述冠詞用法說明單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前一般要用冠詞a(n)泛指單一，每一，任一事物類指類別the特指上文提到過的人或事物被限制性修飾語所限定的人或事物說話雙方都清楚的人或事物世上獨一無二的事物類指類別復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞、不可數(shù)名詞前the特指上文提到過的人或事物被限制性修飾語所限定的人或事物 說話雙方都清楚的人或事物 零冠詞泛指人或事物類指類別二、冠詞考點縱覽知識點考點考點對應(yīng)典型例題剖析考點一：不定冠詞a/an的用法考點1：用于第一次提到的某人或某物之前。(1) This is a book

3、. 這是一本書。(2) There is a boy in the classroom. 教室里有一個男孩。(3) That is a schoolbag. 那是一個書包。 考點2：泛指人或事物的某一類別，以區(qū)別于其他種類。(1) A plane is a machine that can fly. 飛機是一種能飛的機器。(2) A tiger can be dangerous. 老虎可能會很危險。(3) A horse is useful to mankind. 馬對人類有用?？键c3：泛指某人或某物。(1) A girl is waiting for you. 一個女孩正在等你。(2) I

4、have a beautiful bedroom. 我有個漂亮的臥室。(3) It is an excellent movie. 這是一部很棒的電影。考點4：用于表示時間、速度、價格等意義的名詞之前，有“每一“的意思，相當(dāng)于every。two kilometers an hour 每小時兩千米five lessons a week 每周五節(jié)課twice a month 每月兩次考點5：用于某些固定詞組中。a few/little/bit 一點兒have a good time 玩的愉快keep a diary 寫日記(4) in a hurry 匆忙 考點6：用于可視為一體的兩個名詞前。a k

5、nife and fork 一副刀叉a cup and saucer 一副杯碟考點二：定冠詞the的用法考點1：表示雙方都知道的人或事物。Give me the book, please. 請給我那本書。Dont worry, if you cant come to the party. I will save some cake for you. 別擔(dān)心，如果你不能來參加晚會的話，我會給你留些蛋糕的。Open the door, please. 請把門打開。考點2：表示特指的或上文已提到過的人或事物。（第一次提到用“a或an”以后再次提到用“the”）Do you know the girl

6、 in red? 你認識那個穿紅衣服的女孩么？I have a book. The book is very interesting. 我有一本書。這本書很有趣。There is a shelf in my fathers room. The shelf is new. 我爸爸房間里有一個架子。那個架子是新的?？键c3：表示世界上獨一無二的事物。The earth moves around the sun. 地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。The moon is bright at night. 晚上月亮很明亮。The plane is flying in the sky. 飛機在空中飛。There are a

7、bout 200 countries in the world. 世界上約有200個國家。 考點4：用在序數(shù)詞，形容詞最高級前面，以與對特定的兩個人或事物進行比較時的比較級前。The first lesson is very easy. 第一課很簡單。She is the most careful student in our class. 她是我們班最認真的學(xué)生。He is the younger of the two boys. 他是兩個男孩中比較小的那一個。考點5：用在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前表示一家人或夫妻倆。The Greens are watching TV now. 格林一家人現(xiàn)在正在看

8、電視。The Blacks are cleaning the house. 布萊克一家正在打掃房子。The Reads are having dinner. 瑞茲一家正在吃晚飯?？键c6：用在由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前。the West Lake 西湖the Great Wall 長城the United States 美國the United Nations 聯(lián)合國考點7：與某些形容詞連用表示一類人。the poor 窮人the rich 富人the old 老人the sick 病人考點8：用在表示方位或西洋樂器名稱的名詞之前。Jilin is in the north of China.

9、位于中國的北部。The sun rises from the east. 太陽從升起。I like playing the piano. 我喜歡彈鋼琴。Lily is playing the violin. Lily正在拉小提琴?？键c9：用于某些固定詞組中。(1) in the morning/afternoon/evening (在上午/下午/晚上)(2) in the end 最后(3) by the way 順便說一下(4) at the moment 此時，此刻考點三：零冠詞的用法考點1：某些專有名詞，如人名，地名，國名，物質(zhì)名詞，抽象名詞等表示泛指時前面用零冠詞。China is a

10、 great country. 中國是一個偉大的國家。Mary lives in New York. 瑪麗住在紐約?？键c2：用在表示節(jié)日、日期、星期、月份、季節(jié)等詞的前面，但若特指某年的某個月份或某年的某個季節(jié)，則需要在月份、季節(jié)前加”the”。June 1st is Childrens Day. 六月一號是兒童節(jié)。Spring comes after winter. 春天在冬天過去之后到來。That event happened in the spring of 1932. 那件事發(fā)生在1932年的春天。考點3：三餐、球類與學(xué)科名詞前用零冠詞。I went to school without

11、 having breakfast this morning. 今天早上我沒吃早飯就去上學(xué)了。He often plays basketball after school. 他經(jīng)常在放學(xué)后打籃球?？键c4：某些固定詞組或習(xí)慣用語中用零冠詞。day and night 日日夜夜side by side 肩并肩in danger 在危險中on duty 值日in bed 臥病在床考點四：不定冠詞a/an的區(qū)別考點1：a用在以輔音音素開頭的單詞前，an用在以元音音素開頭的單詞前，判斷一個單詞是以元音音素開頭還是以輔音音素開頭，要根據(jù)其讀音，而不是根據(jù)字母。(1) He is an honest boy

12、. 他是一個誠實的男孩(2) There are sixty minutes in an hour. 一個小時有60分鐘。(3) There is an “f” in the word “five”. 在單詞five中有一個f?？键c2：記憶方法：不見元音不加an，不看字母看發(fā)音。在26個字母中，前面用an的字母有：A, E, F, H, I, L, M, N, O, R, S, X, 其他用a.以u開頭的單詞要注意區(qū)別：an umbrella 一把傘an unusual story 一個不同尋常的故事an unhappy boy 一個不高興的男孩a university 一所大學(xué)a unit

13、一個單元a European country 一個歐洲國家a useful book 一本有用的書考點五：有無冠詞的區(qū)別考點1：常見短語有無冠詞的區(qū)別。(1) go to school 上學(xué)（是學(xué)生） go to the school 到學(xué)校去（不一定是學(xué)生）(2) go to bed 就寢，上床睡覺 go to the bed 向床邊走去，走到床前（不一定是去睡覺）(3) in hospital 因病住院 in the hospital 在醫(yī)院里（不一定是病人）(4) at table 吃飯 at the table 在桌子旁(5) at school 在上學(xué) at the school 在

14、學(xué)校里(6) in class 在上課 in the class 在班級里(7) in future 今后 in the future 將來(8) in front of 在（外部的）前面 in the front of 在（部的）前面(9) next year 明年 the next year 第二年(10) by sea 乘船 by the sea 在海邊(11) on bed （睡，病，躺）在床上on the bed （某物）在床上(12) on earth 究竟on the earth 在地球上三、綜合練習(xí) ( ) 1. There is _apple on the desk.A. a

15、 B. the C. an D. /( ) 2. The girl under _tree is my sister.A. aB .the C .an D. / ( ) 3. Mary is from _USA. A. a B. the C. an D. / ( ) 4. He met _friend of his on the road. A. a B .the C .an D. / ( ) 5. Mr. Black will go back to England _. A .by air B .by a plane C. by trains D. at a train( ) 6. Yest

16、erday I went _work on _foot. A. /; / B. /; the C. the; / D. the; the ( ) 7. There is _”h” in the word “hour”, but _“h” doesnt make a sound. A. a; a B. a; the C. the; an D .an; the ( ) 8. Im going to see my mother. She is ill _. A. in hospital B. in the hospital C. in a hospital D. at a hospital ( )

17、9. We have three meals _day. We have_breakfast at 6：30 in morning every day. A. the; the; the B. the; /; the C. a; /; the D. a; the; the ( ) 10. This is _film Ive told you about several times. Its great. Ive never seen _ more moving one. A. a; a B. the; the C. the; a D. a; the ( ) 11. Tina，could you

18、 please play_piano for me while Im singing？ With pleasure. A. a B. an C. the D. / ( ) 12. I want to try again. Please give me _third chance again. A. a B. the C. an D. / ( ) 13. Whats the matter with you? I caught _bad cold and had to stay in _bed. A. a; / B. a; the C. a; a D. the; the ( ) 14. _sun

19、is shining brightly. A. A B. AnC. The D. / ( ) 15. Swimming is _in summer. A. a great fun B. great fun C. great funs D. great a fun ( ) 16. There is _old woman in the car. A. / B. the C. a D. an ( ) 17. Shanghai is in _east of China. A. / B. an C. the D. a ( ) 18. Bill is _English teacher. He likes

20、playing _football. A. a; the B. an; the C. an; / D. /; / ( ) 19. The museum is quite far. It will take you half _hour to go there by _bus. A. an; / B. an; a C. a; / D. /; / ( ) 20. The story is _interesting. That means it is _interesting story. A. an; the B the; a C. /; an D. /; a ( ) 21. Lets go fo

21、r _walk, shall we? A. a B. an C. the D. / ( ) 22. This is _interesting story-book and it is also _useful one.A. a; a B. an; an C. an; a D. a; an ( ) 23. _woman over there is _popular teacher in our school. A. A; an B. The; a C. The; the D. A; the ( ) 24. They passed our school _day before yesterday.

22、 A. an B. one C. a D. the ( ) 25. Australia is _English-speaking country. A. a B. an C. the D. /( ) 26. Dont play _ basketball here. Its dangerous. A. a B. an C. /D. the ( ) 27. This is _ apple. Its _ big apple. A. an; a B. a; the C. a; an D. an; the ( ) 28. Have you seen _ bag? I left it here just

23、now. Is it _ one on the chair near the door? A. a; a B. the; the C. a; the D. the; a ( ) 29. I have _ blue coat. A. a B. an C. the D. some ( ) 30. This is _ orange. _ orange is on the table. A. a; The B. an; The C. an; An D. the; An ( ) 31. Have you had _ breakfast? A. a B. an C. the D. / ( ) 32. He

24、 wondered when the doctor could finish _ operation. A. a B. an C. the D. any ( ) 33. After _ supper, he stayed at home and played _ violin. A. the; the B. /; the C. /; a D. /; / ( ) 34. There is _ apple on the plate. A. a B. an C. the D. / ( ) 35. He said that he got _ “C” in the test.A. a B. an C.

25、the D. / ( ) 36. _ new bridge has been built over _ Huangpu River. A. The; a B. A; / C. A; the D. An; an ( ) 37. English is _ useful language in _world. A. an; the B. a; the C. the; the D. an; an ( ) 38. In the word “carriage”, _ “r” is lost. A. the B. an C. a D. / ( ) 39. With the help of his teach

26、er he studied hard and got _ “A” in the test. A. a B. an C. the D. one ( ) 40. I have two dogs. _ black one is two years old and _ yellow one is three years old. A. A; a B. The; a C. The; the D. A; the ( ) 41. Li Dan can play _ piano very well. A. / B. a C. an D. the ( ) 42. What _ interesting film

27、it is! I like _ film very much. A. a; the B. a; a C. an; the D. the; / ( ) 43. _ tall man over there is our _ English teacher. A. A; the B. The; a C. A; an D. The; / ( ) 44._ usually go to church every Sunday. A. The Brown B. A Brown C. Browns D. The Browns ( ) 45. The train is running fifty miles _. A. an hour B. one hour C. the hour D. a hour( ) 46. Anns habit of riding a motorcycle up and down the road early in the