英語(yǔ)主從句、復(fù)合句重難點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法講解與練習(xí)

1、英語(yǔ)主從復(fù)合句重難點(diǎn)講練I 定語(yǔ)從句(I) 用關(guān)系代詞還是用關(guān)系副詞（where /when /that /which /why）1） A: I still remember the day _ he saved my child. B: I still remember the day _ we spent together.2） A: Pisa is a city _ there is a leaning tower. B: Pisa is a city, _ has a leaning tower.3） A: The reason _ she gave is unbelievable.

2、B: The reason _ he refused her is not known.(II). that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句 The news that they had succeeded inspired us greatly. The news that they told us yesterday proved wrong. that在強(qiáng)調(diào)句與定語(yǔ)從句中的運(yùn)用。1） A: It was at the theater _ Lincoln was murdered. B: It was the theater _ Lincoln was murdered.2） A: It was

3、 on Oct.1st,1949 _ the Peoples Republic of China was founded. B: It was Oct. 1st, 1949 _ the Peoples Republic of China was founded(III). 定語(yǔ)從句修飾表語(yǔ)與表語(yǔ)從句Is the company where he worked near your hospital?Is the company the one where he worked? Is the company where he worked? 2） A. that B. in which C. th

4、e one D. where Is this the factory _ you visited last year?Is this factory _ you visited last year?(IV). 定語(yǔ)從句與結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句 A. as B. such C. that D. which It is so heavy a box _ no one can lift it. It is so heavy a box _ no one can lift. He made such rapid progress that before long he began to write articl

5、es in English.(V). 定語(yǔ)從句中部分句子（名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞）放在關(guān)系詞前的情況 The committee consists of 20 members, 5 of whom are women. The book contains 50 poems, most of which were written in 1930s. There are two left, one of which is almost finished and the other of which is not quite. 有時(shí)whose 可用of which, of whom 代替，比較下面兩組句子

6、 The river whose banks are covered with trees flows to the sea. The river the banks of which are covered with trees flows to the sea.The river of which the banks are covered with trees flows to the sea. 但of which 所修飾的詞若是數(shù)詞、不定代詞或另有其他限定詞(the除外)，不可改為“whose” e.g. There are six possibilities, every one o

7、f which involves difficulty. (VI). whose 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，既可指人又可指物。whose還常在定語(yǔ)從句中同it 連用，it起形式主語(yǔ)的作用，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。例如： This is the building whose windows were all painted green. A teacher is a person whose duty is to teach. A teacher is a person whose duty it is to teach.(VII). 介詞+ whom/which + to do She is a pleasant g

8、irl with whom to work. （介詞在前時(shí)，whom和which不可省略） She is a pleasant girl to work with. （介詞在句尾時(shí)，whom和which必須省略） (VIII). 定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞隔裂的情況 He wont live long who smokes three or four packs of cigarette every day for many years. She asked the boy to stay at home who had been ill for a long time. Do you remember

9、 one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace.II 狀語(yǔ)從句where引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別。1）Do you know where he is? (賓語(yǔ))2）You should put the book where it was. / Where there is a will, there is a way. (狀語(yǔ))3）You should put the book in the place where it was. (定語(yǔ))when 和b

10、efore引導(dǎo)的句子位于句末時(shí)，有特殊的含義。The war lasted four years before the north won in the end.I was about to leave when the telephone rang.I was reading in my study when the telephone rang. 3. whether和 if 的用法區(qū)別 1) if 表示“如果”可引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句 2）if 和whether 都表示“是否”，下列情況下只用whether主從、表從、同位從whether to do (or not)discuss 和介詞后

11、e.g. The question whether to go or stay is still undecided. It depends on whether he is at home. We discussed whether we should send the students to the conference.III 名詞性從句名詞性從句與定語(yǔ)從句的比較 A. that B. what C. which D. why E. this_ worried her was that her hair was turning grey.Her hair was turning grey

12、. This was _ she was worried about. Her hair was turning grey. This was _ was worrying Her hair was turning grey. This was _ she was a bit worried.3) Her hair was turning grey. This was the reason _ she was a bit worried.4) Her hair was turning grey, _ worried her a bit.5) Her hair was turning grey,

13、 and _ worried her a bit.6) The fact _ her hair was turning grey worried her a bit.7) The reason _ he was absent was _ he had left for Shanghai. He told me what had happened to him. He told me all that had happened to him. what 不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句；賓語(yǔ)從句中的what相當(dāng)于sth + that/which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 2主語(yǔ)從句的疑問(wèn)詞選用 What these fac

14、tories have caused is quite clear.That these factories have caused a lot of pollution is quite clear. that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，但不能省略。 Whether these factories can reduce the pollution remains a question. Why these factories have caused so much pollution remains a question. Whoever finds ways to reduce

15、the pollution should be highly praised. 3. who 和 whoever 在引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的差別 1) _ will go is not important. 2) _ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. (97高考) who僅僅是它所引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)；而whoever不僅是它所引導(dǎo)的從句的主語(yǔ)，而且還是整個(gè)句子的主語(yǔ)（相當(dāng)于the person who）。 4. whatever (who/which/when/where/how + ever) 等詞的用法 1) It is ge

16、nerally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants.(名詞性從句) 2) _, Mother will wait for him to have dinner together. A. However late is he B. However he is late C. However is he late D. However late he is（讓步狀語(yǔ)從句=no matter +疑問(wèn)詞） 3）He may go wherever he wants. （when/where +ever還可引導(dǎo)時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)狀

17、語(yǔ)從句）鞏固練習(xí)( ) 1. _, Im sure he is honest.A. Whatever people say B. What people sayC. No matter people say D. It doesnt matter people say( ) 2. He is the student _ you think to be worthy of our praise. A. who B. whom D. he D. him( ) 3. Eat _ you like and leave the others for _ comes in late. A. any; wh

18、o B. everything; whoever C. whichever; whoever D. anything, anyone( ) 4. We made a decision _ there would be rain, we should stay at home.A. that B. if C. that if D. whether( ) 5. Go and get your coatIts _ you left it A. where B. there C. here where D. where there( ) 6. _ the rain has stopped, lets

19、continue to work.A. For B. Now that C. That D. Because( ) 7. That warmhearted woman often helps _ is in trouble. A. who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever( ) 8. It worried Mary a lot _ she would pass the college entrance examination. A. whether B. if C. that D. how( ) 9. The true value of life is not in

20、 _, but in _.A. which we get; what give we B. what we get; what we give C. which do we get; what do we give D. how we get; that we give( ) 10. Sarah hopes to become a friend of _ shares her interests.A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who( ) 11. The difficulty lies _ we have no money.A. in the fact which B. in which C. that D. in the fact that( ) 12. Im going away _ she will go is up to her to decide. A. if or not B. whether or not C. that if D. which( ) 13. They did not get married for a month _ they quarreled with