八年級英語現(xiàn)在完成時講解與練習(xí)

1、. .PAGE6 / NUMPAGES6初中語法現(xiàn)在完成時1.概念：過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。2.時間狀語：recently, lately, sincefor,in the past few years, etc. 3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：have/has + done 4.否定形式：have/has + not +done. 5.一般疑問句：have或has提前對于初接觸現(xiàn)在完成時的人來說，往往會產(chǎn)生一種茫然，因為它似乎與一般過去時相似。那就是，這兩種時態(tài)描述的動作都始于過去。其實不然，現(xiàn)在完成時主要表示，發(fā)生在過去的動作延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在剛剛

2、完成、或許還要延續(xù)；側(cè)重于這個動作對現(xiàn)在帶來的結(jié)果、產(chǎn)生的影響、積累的總和等等。而一般過去時則只不過是表示動作發(fā)生在過去的什么時候。弄清了這一區(qū)別，就很容易理解現(xiàn)在完成時了。它主要適用于下面的幾種情況：1）表示截止現(xiàn)在業(yè)已完成的動作By now, I have collected all the data that I need .到現(xiàn)在為止，我已收集到了我所需的全部資料。She has read 150 pages today .她今天已看了150頁。2）表示發(fā)生在過去而對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響、帶來結(jié)果的動作Have you had your dinner? 你吃晚飯了嗎？3）表示過去發(fā)生的動作持續(xù)

3、到現(xiàn)在，并可能還要延續(xù)It has been five years since he joined the army .他參軍五年了。1)一個句子應(yīng)該用什么時態(tài)只能取決于它需要表達的意思，以與它所處的語言環(huán)境。例如：He speaks English .（一般現(xiàn)在時，說明動作發(fā)生的經(jīng)常性。）He spoke English when he was in New Zealand .（一般過去時，說明動作發(fā)生的時間。）He is speaking English.（現(xiàn)在進行時，說明動作正在進行。）He has spoken English for three years since he came

4、 to the USA.（現(xiàn)在完成時，這里說明動作的總和。）He has been speaking English since he came to the USA. （現(xiàn)在完成進行時，強調(diào)動作的連續(xù)性。）2）在含有時間狀語從句或條件狀語從句的主從復(fù)合句中，如果主句的謂語動詞是一般將來時，那么從句的謂語動詞就只能用一般現(xiàn)在時來表示將來時；如果主句的謂語動詞是過去將來時，那么從句的謂語動詞就只能用一般過去時來表示過去將來時。例如：I will not play tennis if it rains tomorrow.I would not play tennis if it rained th

5、e next day.3) 有些動詞表示無法持續(xù)的動作，它們一般不宜用于進行時態(tài)中。這類動詞常見的有：be , believe , consist , find , forget , hate , have , hope , hear , know , like , love , notice , prefer , remember , see , seem , smell , suggest , taste , understand , want , wish , sit down , stand up 等等。Be動詞若是用于進行時態(tài)，可表示暫時、短暫的情況或表現(xiàn)。例如：Tom is bei

6、ng a good boy today .湯姆今天很乖。He is being childish .他這樣做是耍孩子氣。You are not being modest .你這樣說不太謙虛。4）關(guān)于現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語問題A. 凡是完成時態(tài)都表示，不知道也不管動作發(fā)生的具體時間, 所以在使用現(xiàn)在完成時的句子里，不可以帶有表示具體過去時間的狀語，如：yesterday , last week ( month , year , etc. ) , two weeks ago , in 1999等；但常和有些副詞連用，如： just , before , already , often , never

7、 , ever , notyet , always等等。B. 在以when提問的特殊疑問中不能用現(xiàn)在完成時。另外，ago不能用于現(xiàn)在完成時的句子里，因為它表示從現(xiàn)在算起的以前某個時間，屬于表示具體過去時間的狀語。但是可以用before 來表示以前的意義，因為它只表示以前，而不知什么時候的以前。C. 如果是不表示連續(xù)性的動詞用于現(xiàn)在完成時的句子，不可以和以for表示的一段時間的狀語連用。在這種情況下，應(yīng)該用It has been ；since的句式來表達。如：He has joined the army for five years. （錯誤）It has been five years sin

8、ce he joined the army.（正確） 能與現(xiàn)在完成時連用詞語很多，如副詞just, already, yet, before, ever, recently 等，但下面是一些典型而且重要的例子：(1) since(自從)：不管用作介詞、連詞還是副詞, 句子(主句)謂語通常都用現(xiàn)在完成時：I havent seen her since last week. 自上周以來我一直未見過她。Where have you been since I last saw? 自我上次見到你之后你到哪里去了?注有時可用其他時態(tài)的情況，但須注意： 對于某些表示狀態(tài)的動詞(如 seem 等)，或因語義等

9、方面的原因，有時可能用一般現(xiàn)在時比較現(xiàn)在完成時更合適：It seems like years since we last met. 我們似乎幾年未見面了。Since when does the $42 plus $5 service charge come to $48? 從什么什候開始42元加5元的服務(wù)費等于48元了? 若不是指從過去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，而是指從較遠的過去持續(xù)到在一個較近的過去，則用過去完成時：Yesterday he told me that he hadnt eaten anything since Tuesday. 他昨天告訴我自星期二以來他一直未吃任何東西。(指從星期二至昨天

10、未吃東西) 表示時間長度時，通常用一般現(xiàn)在時代替現(xiàn)在完成時：Its ten years since he left here. 他離開這兒已10年了。(2) so far(到目前為止)： So far there has been no bad news. 到現(xiàn)在為止還沒有什么壞消息。We havent had any trouble so far. 到目前為止，我們還沒有遇到任何麻煩。 (3) in for, during the past last years(在過去年中)：In the past two years Ive seen him little. 過去兩年我很少見到他。I ha

11、ve been here (for) the last past month. 最近一個月里我都在這兒。注在一定的上下文里，若是以過去時間為起點，也可用過去完成時。(4) up to until now(到現(xiàn)在為止)：Up to now, the work has been easy. 到現(xiàn)在為止這工作還算容易。I have heard nothing from him up to now. 到現(xiàn)在為止我還沒有聽到他一點音信。(5) Its will be the first time that(第一次)：Its the first time Ive come here. 這是我第一次來這兒。

12、參考答案：一、單項選擇。1、B2、現(xiàn)在完成時常與already（已經(jīng)），just（剛剛，正好），ever（曾經(jīng)），never（從來，也不；從不），before（以前），yet（仍然）等連用。故2應(yīng)選B。3、C4、現(xiàn)在完成時常與recently（近來），so far（到目前為止），in the past/last + 一段時間等時間狀語連用。因為上述短語表示的是從現(xiàn)在起往前推算的一段時間，句中的動作是從過去某一時間或時刻開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的。故4應(yīng)選D。5、C6、現(xiàn)在完成時時常與for +時間段或since +過去時間點連用（含從句，從句過去時）。故6應(yīng)選C。7、C8、現(xiàn)在完成時還與once（一次）

13、，twice（兩次），three times（三次），several times（幾次）等表示重復(fù)次數(shù)的詞語連用。故8應(yīng)選B。9、現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時容易混淆，就是因為它們所表示的動作都發(fā)生在過去，但二者又有區(qū)別：一般過去時表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的事、存在的狀態(tài)或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作，說話的側(cè)重點在于述一件過去的事情，與現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系；現(xiàn)在完成時表示與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系的發(fā)生在過去的動作，它不與表示過去的時間狀語（如yesterday , last week , a moment ago等）連用。故9的正確答案為B。10、B11、現(xiàn)在完成時中，非延續(xù)性動詞不能與for和since引導(dǎo)的表示一段時間的狀語連用，

14、通常是用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞來代替。故11的正確答案依次為：D。12、B 13、A 14、C 15、A。16、have/has gone to + 地點表示某人去了某地（還未回來），指主語所指的人不在這兒。have/has been in + 地點表示在某地呆了多長時間，常與表示時間的狀語連用。have/has been to +地點表示曾經(jīng)去過某地（但現(xiàn)在已不在那兒）。故16的正確答案為A。17、A 18、D 19、C 20、C二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換。1、has he? 2、How long 3、died, has been dead 4、has been open 5、has been away 6、j

15、oined；ago7、It is, since 8、The bus has been here for ten minutes.三、漢譯英。1、Jim has finished doing his homework already. He is free now.2、He received a letter yesterday.3、My father has been to the Great Wall before.4、She hasnt seen the new film yet.5、She has been to Shanghai.6、Where has he been these da

16、ys？ 現(xiàn)在完成時練習(xí)一、單項選擇1、Both his parents look sad .Maybe they _whats happened to him . knew . have known . must know .will know2、He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ?. already .never .ever . still3、Have you met Mr Li _？. just . ago .before . a moment ago4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two y

17、ear. is writing .was writing .wrote .has written 5、-Our country _ a lot so far .-Yes . I hope it will be even _ . has changed ; well . changed ; good. has changed ; better . changed ; better6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . was ; studying . will ; study. has ; studied . are ; study

18、ing7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . know . had known . have known . knew 8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . will see . have seen . saw .see9、-These farmers have been to the United States . -Really ? When _ there ?. will they go . did they go. do they go . have they gone10、

19、-_ you _ your homework yet ?-Yes . I _ it a moment ago . Did ; do ; finished . Have ; done ; finished. Have ; done ; have finished . will ; do ; finish11、 His father _ the Party since 1978 . joined . has joined . was in . has been in12、-Do you know him well ?- Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago

20、. were . have been . have become . have made13、-How long have you _ here ?-About two months . been . gone . come . arrived14、Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . has begun . had begun . has been on. began15、 It _ ten years since he left the army . is . has . will . was16、 Miss Green isnt in the of

21、fice . she_ to the library .has gone . went .will go . has been17、My parents _ Shandong for ten years . have been in . have been to. have gone to . have been18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ?A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they19、has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China?A. How soon