關(guān)于教育類的英文專業(yè)詞匯

1、關(guān)于教育類的英文專業(yè)詞匯Systempreschool education / pre-elementary education 學(xué)前教育elementary education / primary education 基礎(chǔ)教育/小學(xué)教育secondary education 中等教育tertiary education / higher education 高等教育public education 公立教育private education 私立教育adult education / continuing education 成人教育 /深造special education 特殊教育普及教

2、育universal education義務(wù)教育compulsory education; freeeducation成人教育adult education職業(yè)技術(shù)教育vocational and technical education國家教育委員會 State Education CommissionSchoolsday school / day nursery / preschool 日托所 /托兒所kindergarten 幼兒園 /學(xué)前班primary school / elementary school / grade school 小學(xué)（ 1-8 年級）grammar school

3、 語法學(xué)校（ 1-6 年級）secondary school中學(xué)（9-12 年級）high school 中學(xué)（ 10-12 年級）junior high school初中（7-9 年級）senior high school 高中（ 10-12 年級）public school （英）私立學(xué)校（美）公立學(xué)校private school 私立學(xué)校technical school 技校vocational school 職校boarding school 寄宿制學(xué)校night school 夜校adult school 成人進修學(xué)校alma mater 母校，校歌ivory tower 象牙塔，高

4、等學(xué)府（喻）college 專科學(xué)校，大學(xué)，學(xué)院state college （美）政府資助的州立大學(xué)junior college 兩年制社區(qū)大學(xué)residential college 寄宿制大學(xué)community college 社區(qū)大學(xué)land-grant college 政府資助的低學(xué)費大學(xué)university 綜合大學(xué)multiversity 由學(xué)院、?？圃盒＝M成的大規(guī)模高等學(xué)校graduate school 研究生院polytechnic / poly （英）工藝技術(shù)高等院校高等學(xué)校institution of higher education綜合性大學(xué)comprehensive un

5、iversity文科大學(xué)university of liberal arts文科院校colleges of art理工科大學(xué)college/university of science and engineering師范大學(xué)normal university; teachers'university師范學(xué)院teachers' college工業(yè)大學(xué)polytechnical university工業(yè)學(xué)院engineering institute農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)agricultural university農(nóng)學(xué)院agricultural college醫(yī)科大學(xué)medical univers

6、ity醫(yī)學(xué)院medical college/school中醫(yī)院institute of traditional Chinese medicine音樂學(xué)院conservatory of music美術(shù)學(xué)院academy of fine arts體育學(xué)院physical culture institute分校 branch school重點學(xué)校key school業(yè)余學(xué)校 spare-time school業(yè)余職工大學(xué) spare-time college for staff and workers電視廣播大學(xué) television and radio broadcasting universit

7、y函授學(xué)院correspondence school教師進修學(xué)校teachers' college for vocational studies成人夜校night school for adults業(yè)余藝術(shù)/體育學(xué)校amateur arts/athletic school半工半讀學(xué)校part-work and part-study school中等專業(yè)學(xué)校secondary specialized school; polytechnic school中等技術(shù)學(xué)校secondary technical school; technical secondary school職業(yè)學(xué)校 voca

8、tional school附中 attached middle school在職進修班in-service training course進修班class for advanced studies短訓(xùn)班short-term training course專修科special (training) courseoff-job training 脫產(chǎn)培訓(xùn)in-job training 在職培訓(xùn)Studentsflatmate / dormmate 室友undergraduate / undergrad 本科生graduate 畢業(yè)生，研究生postgraduate / graduate stude

9、nt 研究生freshman 大學(xué)或高中一年級新生sophomore 大學(xué)或高中二年級學(xué)生junior 大學(xué)或高中三年級學(xué)生senior 大學(xué)或高中四年級學(xué)生underclassman 大學(xué)一、二年級學(xué)生 upperclassman 大學(xué)三、四年級學(xué)生 alumnus / alumni （pl.） （美）校友（男） alumna / alumnae （pl.） （美）校友（女） exchange student 交換學(xué)生（留學(xué)生為主） overseas student 留學(xué)生 fellow student 同學(xué) （美）領(lǐng)取獎學(xué)金的研究生TA / teaching assistant 助教（以研

10、究生為主）peer adviser 高年級學(xué)生顧問floor senior 寢室樓負責(zé)人（高年級學(xué)生為主）student union officer 學(xué)生會工作人員president of student union 學(xué)生會主席 vice-president of student union 學(xué)生會副主席 intern 實習(xí)生 monitor 班長 vice-monitor 副班長commissary in charge of studies 學(xué)習(xí)委員commissary in charge of entertaainment 文娛委員 commissary in charge of spor

11、ts 體育委員 commissary in charge of physical labour 勞動委員 Party branch secretary 黨支部書記 League branch secretary 團支部書記commissary in charge of organization 組織委員 commessary in charge of publicity 宣傳委員 "Three Goods" student " 三好 "學(xué)生 excellent League member 優(yōu)秀團員 excellent leader 優(yōu)秀干部 studen

12、t council 學(xué)生會Teaching Stafffaculty 院系，教職員工tutor / instructor （英）導(dǎo)師，家教 （美）助教，講師lecturer 講師assistant professor 助理教授 associate professor 副教授 coordinator 課程協(xié)調(diào)老師school counsellor / adviser 指導(dǎo)老師，校顧問 student teacher 實習(xí)教師（在校生） liaison officer 校聯(lián)絡(luò)人員departmental head / chairperson 系主任dean （大學(xué)學(xué)院）院長principal /

13、chancellor / university president （大學(xué)）校長headmaster / headmistress （中小學(xué)）校長Diploma & Degreecertificate 證書diploma 文憑，畢業(yè)證書degree 學(xué)位bachel or s degree / undergraduate degree 學(xué)士學(xué)位master' s degree 碩士學(xué)位doctorate 博士頭銜B.A. / Bachelor of Arts degree 文學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位B.S. / Bachelor of Science degree 理學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位M.A. /

14、Master of Arts degree 文學(xué)碩士學(xué)位M. S. / Master of Science degree 理學(xué)碩士學(xué)位M.D. / Doctor of Medicine 醫(yī)學(xué)博士Ph.D. / Doctor of Philosophy 博士postdoctoral 博士后（研究人員）honorary degree 榮譽學(xué)位Coursesacademic year 學(xué)年school calendar / school catalog / academic calendar 校歷，大學(xué)情況一覽year book 畢業(yè)留念冊term / semester 學(xué)期（一學(xué)期四個月，一學(xué)年兩

15、學(xué)期）quarter / trimester 學(xué)季（一學(xué)期三個月，一學(xué)年三學(xué)期）orientation 新生和老師的見面會course 課程（包括上課，作業(yè)，考試等）crash programme / intensive course 速成課程，強化課程major course / mandatory course 主修課程elective course / optional course 選修課程correspondence course 函授課程introductory course 基礎(chǔ)入門課程core programme 核心課程syllabus 教學(xué)大綱curriculum 全部課程

16、（集合）extracurricular 課外課程major 主修minor 輔修lecture 講課，講座tutorial （英）個別輔導(dǎo)課seminar 研討會，研討班課程field trip 實地考察課程internship 實習(xí)，見習(xí)Studies & Testsassignment / project 課外作業(yè)，工作任務(wù)presentation 陳述，口頭作業(yè)essay / theme 論文，作文term papers 學(xué)期論文thesis 畢業(yè)論文dissertation 畢業(yè)論文（尤指博士）entrance examination 入學(xué)考試assessment 評估achi

17、evement test / standardized test 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化測試 placement test 入學(xué)分級測試aptitude test 能力測試midterm test / midterm exam 期中考試final exam 期末考試open book exam 開卷考試multiple-choice test 選擇題考試defense 論文答辯academic records / transcript 學(xué)術(shù)成績，成績報告research method 研究方法（寫論文的前期準(zhǔn)備）questionnaire 問卷調(diào)查interview 訪談，采訪in-depth case st

18、udy 案例深入分析observation 觀察研究（多用于科學(xué)實驗）bibliography 參考文獻，圖書目錄pass-fail 考查課，有及格分數(shù)線的考試credit system 學(xué)分系統(tǒng)，積分成績blue-book 考卷report card 成績單convocation notice 考試通知competitive examination 答辯考試Problemsattendance 出勤，出席play hooky / play truant 逃課deadline 截止日期（交作業(yè)）extension 延期（無法按時交作業(yè)）academic dishonesty 學(xué)術(shù)欺詐行為pla

19、giarism 剽竊，抄襲cheating 考試作弊double submission of papers 試卷重復(fù)使用aiding and abetting dishonesty 協(xié)助學(xué)術(shù)欺詐fabrication 偽造成績，捏造行為falsification of records 篡改成績drop out 輟學(xué)quit school 退學(xué)school discipline 校紀(jì)attendance/participation 出勤率14attend a lecture 上課miss a class 缺課cut a class 曠課expel sb from school 開除to repe

20、at a year 留級Fundingtuition fee 學(xué)費living expenses 生活費incidental expenses 學(xué)雜費grant 助學(xué)金stipend 固定生活津貼，固定獎學(xué)金scholarship （本科生）獎學(xué)金fellowship （研究生）獎學(xué)金financial aid / financial assistance 資助tuition 學(xué)費miscellaneous expenses 雜費a grant-aided student 領(lǐng)助學(xué)金的學(xué)生Campus Lifeaccommodation 住宿homestay 寄宿于當(dāng)?shù)厝思依飐tudent ho

21、stel 學(xué)生公寓，學(xué)生宿舍dormitory 寢室room allocation 房間分配flat / apartment 公寓（出租給學(xué)生）on campus 住校off campus 不住校student union 學(xué)生會auditorium 大禮堂resource centre 資料中心gym 體育館cafeteria 自助餐廳refectory 學(xué)院餐廳canteen 食堂common room （學(xué)校）休息室busing 校車接送student union 學(xué)生會fraternity （美）大學(xué)兄弟會enrollment 入學(xué)注冊registration 登記，報到matricu

22、lation 注冊（在大學(xué)）to enroll, to enroll 予以注冊commencement / graduation ceremony 畢業(yè)典禮 reunion 校友聯(lián)誼聚會graduation appraisal 畢業(yè)評估graduation ceremony=commencement 畢業(yè)典禮diploma=graduation certificate 畢業(yè)證書refresher course 進修課程extracurricular activies 體育活動recreational activities 娛樂活動academic activities 學(xué)術(shù)活動social a

23、ctivities 社會活動課外閱讀 outside reading 辦學(xué)效益 efficiency in school management協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展coordinated and balancedprogram of development教育投入input in education優(yōu)化教師隊伍optimize the teaching staff實行分區(qū)規(guī)劃practice regional planning社會參與communal participation新增勞動力 incoming labor force職前教育pre-service education崗位培訓(xùn)undergo job

24、-specific training提高 的思想品德enhance the moral awareness of .職業(yè)道德professional ethics重點學(xué)科key disciplinary areas or priorityfields of study（大學(xué)）專科 Major Types of Education in China short 2- to 3- year higher education programs掃盲班 literacy class注冊人數(shù)enrollment年齡段（層） age bracket反復(fù)灌輸inculcate希望工程Project Hope學(xué)

25、齡兒童school-ager人才枯竭exhaustionof human resources輟/失學(xué)青少年school dropout/leaver基金會 foundation服務(wù)性行業(yè)service trade在職培訓(xùn) on-the-job/in-service training國際勞工組織International Labor Organization基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)the fundamentals學(xué)分制 the credit system三學(xué)期制the trimester system雙學(xué)士制a double BA degree system主副修制a system of a major fie

26、ldof specialization plus a minor field教學(xué)、科研、生產(chǎn)的 " 三結(jié)合 " "3-in-1 combination" involving teaching,research, and production三結(jié)合聯(lián)合體 tripartite complex定向招生 students are admitted to be trained for pre-determined employers包分配 guarantee job assignments燎原計劃the Prairie Fire Program示范試點demon

27、stration pilot project結(jié)合、使加入 incorporate動員 mobilize稅收 tax revenue多學(xué)科的multi-disciplinary重點大學(xué)key university授予(學(xué)士) confer被授權(quán) be authorized to do博士后科研流動站 center for post-doctoral studies專業(yè) speciality愛國人士 patriotic personage國家發(fā)明獎National Invention Prize國家自然科學(xué)獎National Prize for Natural Sciences國家科技進步獎Nat

28、ional Prize for Progress in Science and Technology學(xué)術(shù)報告會，專題討論會 symposium記者招待會press conference國家教委主任 Chairman of the State Education Commission國家統(tǒng)計局the State Statistical Bureau國家教育經(jīng)費national expenditure on education財政撥款 financial allocation半文盲semiliterate; functional illiterate占百分比account for .%專任教師fu

29、ll-time teacher資料中心data center國際文化交流intercultural communication教育方針guideline(s)/guiding principle(s) for education教育必須為社會主義現(xiàn)代化服務(wù)，必須同生產(chǎn)勞動相結(jié)合，培養(yǎng)德智體全面發(fā)展的建設(shè)者和接班人。Education must serve the needs of socialist modernization, be integrated with productive labor, and train builders and successors who are well

30、 developed morally, intellectual and physically.適應(yīng)社會主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)需要，面向二十一世紀(jì)，具有中國特色的社會主義教育體系。a socialist education system with distinct Chinese characteristics that meets the needs of socialist modernization and is oriented to the 21st century堅持社會主義方向to keep to the socialist orientation身體好，學(xué)習(xí)好，工作好。 Keep fi

31、t, study hard and work well.德才兼?zhèn)?to combine ability with character; equal stress on integrity and ability成為有理想，有道德，有文化，守紀(jì)律的勞動者 to become working people with lofty ideals, moral integrity, education and a sense of discipline教育要面向現(xiàn)代化，面向世界，面向未來Gear education to the needs of modernization, the world and

32、 the future愛國主義教育education inpatriotism國際主義教育education ininternationalism集體主義教育education incollectivism共產(chǎn)主義教育education incommunism共產(chǎn)主義道德品質(zhì)communist ethics政治思想教育political and ideological education五愛(愛祖國、愛人民、愛勞動、愛科學(xué)、愛護公物)"Five Love": love the motherland, the people, labor, and science and ta

33、ke good care of public property.教書育人 to educate the person as well as impart book knowledge培養(yǎng)獨立分析問題和解決問題的能力to cultivate the ability to analyze and solve concrete problems independently啟發(fā)學(xué)生獨立思考的能力to help develop the ability of the students to think things out for themselves培養(yǎng)學(xué)生自學(xué)能力to foster the stude

34、nts' ability to study on their own發(fā)揮學(xué)生主動性、創(chuàng)造性to give scope to the students' initiative and creativeness自學(xué)成才 to become educated through independent study啟發(fā)式 elicitation method (of teaching); heuristic method填鴨式教學(xué)法cramming/forced-feeding method of teaching普及教育universal education義務(wù)教育 compulsory

35、 education; free education學(xué)前教育preschool education初等教育elementary education中等教育secondary education高等教育higher/tertiary education普遍教育general education成人教育adult education職業(yè)技術(shù)教育vocational and technical education國家教育委員會 State Education Commission高等學(xué)校institution of higher education綜合性大學(xué)comprehensive univers

36、ity文科大學(xué)university of liberal arts文科院校colleges of art理工科大學(xué)college/university of science and engineering師范大學(xué)normal university; teachers'university師范學(xué)院teachers' college工業(yè)大學(xué)polytechnic university工業(yè)學(xué)院engineering institute農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)agricultural university農(nóng)學(xué)院agricultural college醫(yī)科大學(xué)medical university醫(yī)學(xué)院m

37、edical college/school中醫(yī)院institute of traditional Chinesemedicine音樂學(xué)院conservatory ofmusic美術(shù)學(xué)院academy of finearts體育學(xué)院physical cultureinstitute分校 branch school重點學(xué)校key school業(yè)余學(xué)校 spare-time school業(yè)余職工大學(xué) spare-time college for staff and workers電視廣播大學(xué) television and radio broadcasting university函授學(xué)院corres

38、pondence school教師進修學(xué)校teachers' college for vocational studies成人夜校night school for adults業(yè)余藝術(shù)/體育學(xué)校amateur arts/athletic school半工半讀學(xué)校part-work and part-study school中等專業(yè)學(xué)校secondary specialized school; polytechnic school中等技術(shù)學(xué)校secondary technical school; technical secondary school職業(yè)學(xué)校 vocational scho

39、ol附中 attached middle school在職進修班in-service training course進修班class for advanced studies短訓(xùn)班short-term training course專修科special (training) course自學(xué)考試 self-taught examination教職員teaching and administrative staff教學(xué)人員 the faculty; teaching staff中、小學(xué)校長 headmaster/headmistress; principal大專院校校長 president; c

40、hancellor教務(wù)長dean of studies(系)主任 chairman; chairperson副主任vice-chairman教授 professor副教授associate professor客座教授 visiting professor; guest professor講師 lecturer助教 assistant專職教師full-time teacher兼職教師part-time teacher輔導(dǎo)員assistant for political and ideological work教研室/組teaching and research section/group教學(xué)組t

41、eaching group教員休息室staff room; common room母校 Alma Mater校友 alumnus; alumna學(xué)生會 students' union/association高年級學(xué)生upper/higher grade pupil/student; pupil/student in senior grades低年級學(xué)生lower grade pupil/student; pupil/student in junior grades走讀生day student; non-residentstudent住宿生boarder旁聽生auditor研究生grad

42、uate student;post-graduate(student)應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生graduating student/pupil; this year's graduates聽課 to visit a class; to sit in on a class; to attend a lecture公開課 open class課程course; curriculum必修課 required/compulsory course選修課elective/optionalcourse基礎(chǔ)課basic course專業(yè)課specialized course課程表school timetable課外

43、活動extracurricular activities課外輔導(dǎo)instruction after class課堂討論class discussion(大學(xué)的)研究小組；討論會 seminar教學(xué)大綱teaching program; syllabus教學(xué)內(nèi)容content of courses學(xué)習(xí)年限period of schooling學(xué)歷 record of formal schooling學(xué)年 school/academic year學(xué)期 (school)term; semester學(xué)分credit分數(shù)mark; grade五分制the 5-grade markingsystem百分制

44、100-mark system學(xué)習(xí)成績academic record; school record成績單school report; report card; transcript畢業(yè)論文thesis; dissertation畢業(yè)實習(xí)graduationfield work畢業(yè)設(shè)計graduationceremony畢業(yè)典禮graduationceremony; commencement畢業(yè)證書diploma; graduation certificate畢業(yè)鑒定graduationappraisal授予某人學(xué)位to confer a degree on sb.升級to be promote

45、d to a higher grade留級 to repeat the year's work; to stay down補考make-up examination升學(xué) t o go to a school of a higher grade; to enter a higher school 升學(xué)率 proportion of students entering schools of a higher grade 獎學(xué)金 scholarship(國家)助學(xué)金 (state)stipend/subsidy領(lǐng)取助學(xué)金的學(xué)生a grant-aided student學(xué)費 tuition (

46、fee)伙食費 board expenses伙食補助 food allowanc eA Useful Glossary for Educational Backgroundeducation 學(xué)歷educational background 教育程度educational history 學(xué)歷 currculum 課程 major 主修minor 副修educational highlights 課程重點部分 curriculum included 課程包括 specialized courses 專門課程 courses taken 所學(xué)課程 courses completed 所學(xué)課程 s

47、pecial training 特別訓(xùn)練 social practice 社會實踐 part-time jobs 業(yè)余工作 summer jobs 暑期工作 vacation jobs 假期工作 refresher course 進修課程 extracurricular activies 體育活動 recreational activities 娛樂活動 academic activities 學(xué)術(shù)活動 social activities 社會活動 rewards 獎勵 scholarship 獎學(xué)金"Three Goods" student " 三好"

48、學(xué)生excellent League member 優(yōu)秀團員 excellent leader 優(yōu)秀干部 student council 學(xué)生會 off-job training 脫產(chǎn)培訓(xùn) in-job training 在職培訓(xùn) educational sustem 學(xué)制 academic year 學(xué)年 semester 學(xué)期（美） term 學(xué)期（英） president 校長 vice-president 副校長 acdemic dean 教務(wù)員department chairman 系主任 professor 教授associate professor 副教授 guest profe

49、ssor 客座教授 lecturer 講師teching assistant 助教 research fellow 研究員 rearch assistant 助理研究員 supervisor 論文導(dǎo)師 principal 中學(xué)校長（美）headmaster中小學(xué)校長（英）master小學(xué)校長（美）dean of students 教務(wù)長dean of students 教導(dǎo)主任 teacher 教師probation teacher 代課教師tutor家庭教師governess女家庭教師intelligence quotient 智商pass及格fial不及格marks分數(shù)grades分數(shù)sc

50、ores分數(shù)ecamination 考試grade年級class班級monitor 班長vice-monitor 副班長commissary in charge of studies 學(xué)習(xí)委員commissary in charge of entertaainment 文娛委員commissary in charge of sports 體育委員commissary in charge of physical labour 勞動委員Party branch secretary 黨支部書記League branch secretary 團支部書記commissary in charge of o

51、rganization 組織委員commessary in charge of publicity 宣傳委員degree學(xué)位post doctorate 博士后doctor （Ph.D）博士maeter 碩士bachelor 學(xué)士student 學(xué)生graduate student 研究生abroad student 留學(xué)生returned student回國留學(xué)生foreign student外國留學(xué)生undergraduate大學(xué)肄業(yè)生；（尚未取得學(xué)位的）大學(xué)生1 .教育目的：是社會對教育所要造就的社會個體的質(zhì)量規(guī)格的總的設(shè)想或規(guī)定Educational purposes: a commu

52、nity education to create the social individual vision of total quality specifications or requirements.2 .形式教育說：課程論中另一個長期引起爭論的問題，是怎樣看待知識在教學(xué)中的作用.一種觀點認為，選擇某種知識作為課程.就是因為這種知識可以訓(xùn)練人的智力，使人變得更聰明.這就是所謂的形式教育說”.Forms of education, said: Another long-term course on controversial issues is how to look at the role

53、 of|knowledge in teaching. One view is that the choice of a knowledge as a course. Because such knowledge can be trained human intelligence, people become more intelligent. This is the so-called "form of education, said." |3 .實質(zhì)教育說：關(guān)于知識在教學(xué)中的作用，還有一種觀點認為，選擇某種知識作為課程的原因，就在于這種知 識本身的價值.知識是人類智慧的結(jié)

54、晶，是探求真理的鑰匙，人們掌握了知識，就可以利用它去實現(xiàn)自己的各種 生活目的.教育學(xué)上把這種觀點稱為實質(zhì)教育說”.Real Education, said: on the role of knowledge in teaching, there is a view that the choice of knowledge|as a reason for the course, is that the value of this knowledge itself. Knowledge is the crystallization of|human wisdom is the key to exp

55、loring the truth, people mastered the knowledge, you can use it to achieve its purpose of all life. Education on to this view as "real education, said."4 .教學(xué)過程最優(yōu)化：是前蘇聯(lián)教育家巴班斯基(1927 2987)提出的教學(xué)理論和方法.20世紀(jì)70年代,為了克服學(xué)生普遍存在的留級、學(xué)習(xí)成績不佳的現(xiàn)象，巴班斯基提出，要對學(xué)校教學(xué)進行整體優(yōu)化.教學(xué)過程的最優(yōu)化是指在一定的教學(xué)條件下尋求合理的教學(xué)方案，使教師和學(xué)生花最少的時間和精力獲得最好的教學(xué)效果，使學(xué)生獲得最好的發(fā)展.Optimize the teaching process: the former Soviet Uni