用simulink對(duì)三相橋式全控整流電路仿真和諧波分析..

1、LANZHOUJIAOTONGUNIVERSITY新能源與動(dòng)力工程學(xué)院用simulink對(duì)三相橋式全控整流電路仿真和諧波分析專業(yè)電力工程與管理班級(jí)電力工程與管理1101姓名李寧軍學(xué)號(hào)201110844指導(dǎo)教師董海燕2014年11月2日用simulink對(duì)三相橋式全控整流電路仿真和諧波分析摘要：隨著社會(huì)生產(chǎn)和科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，整流電路在自動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)、測(cè)量系統(tǒng)和發(fā)電機(jī)勵(lì)磁系統(tǒng)等領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用日益廣泛。常用的三相整流電路有三相橋式不可控整流電路、三相橋式半控整流電路和三相橋式全控整流電路，由于整流電路涉及到交流信號(hào)、直流信號(hào)以及觸發(fā)信號(hào)，同時(shí)包含晶閘管、電容、電感、電阻等多種元件，采用常規(guī)電路分析方法顯得

2、相當(dāng)繁瑣，高壓情況下實(shí)驗(yàn)也難順利進(jìn)行。Matlab提供的可視化仿真工具可直接建立電路仿真模型，隨意改變仿真參數(shù)，并且立即可得到任意的仿真結(jié)果，直觀性強(qiáng)，進(jìn)一步省去了編程的步驟。本文利用Simulink對(duì)三相橋式全控整流電路進(jìn)行建模，對(duì)不同控制角、負(fù)載情況下進(jìn)行了仿真分析，既進(jìn)一步了解三相橋式全控整流電路的工作原理，同時(shí)進(jìn)行了FFT諧波分析，這對(duì)于評(píng)估電力電子裝置對(duì)電網(wǎng)的危害和影響有非常重要的作用。對(duì)三相橋式全控整流電路交流側(cè)產(chǎn)生的諧波進(jìn)行仿真分析，從而證明了仿真研究的有效性在在現(xiàn)代電力電子技術(shù)中具有很重要的作用和很廣泛的應(yīng)用。1.工作特點(diǎn)和電路的構(gòu)成：三相橋式全控整流電路原理圖如圖1所示。它由

3、三相半波共陰極接法(VT1,VT3,VT5)和三相半波共陽(yáng)極接法(VT1,VT6,VT2)的串聯(lián)組合。其工作特點(diǎn)是任何時(shí)刻都有不同組別的兩只晶閘管同時(shí)導(dǎo)通，構(gòu)成電流通路，因此為保證電路啟動(dòng)或電流斷續(xù)后能正常導(dǎo)通,必須對(duì)不同組別應(yīng)到導(dǎo)通的一對(duì)晶閘管同時(shí)加觸發(fā)脈沖，所以觸發(fā)脈沖的寬度應(yīng)大于n/3的寬脈沖。寬脈沖觸發(fā)要求觸發(fā)功率大,易使脈沖變壓器飽和,所以可以采用脈沖列代替雙窄脈沖；每隔n/3換相一次，換相過(guò)程在共陰極組和共陽(yáng)極組輪流進(jìn)行,但只在同一組別中換相。接線圖中晶閘管的編號(hào)方法使每個(gè)周期內(nèi)6個(gè)管子的組合導(dǎo)通順序是VT1-VT2-VT3-VT4-VT5-VT6,同一相的上下兩個(gè)橋臂，即VT1和

4、VT4,VT3和VT6,VT5和VT2的脈沖相差n,給分析帶來(lái)了方便；當(dāng)a=O時(shí)，輸出電壓Ud一周期內(nèi)的波形是6個(gè)線電壓的包絡(luò)線。所以輸出脈動(dòng)直流電壓頻率是電源頻率的6倍,比三相半波電路高1倍,脈動(dòng)減小,而且每次脈動(dòng)的波形都一樣,故該電路又可稱為6脈動(dòng)整流電路。d2.建模：根據(jù)三相橋式全控整流電路的原理可以利用simulink內(nèi)的模塊建立仿真接線如圖2所示，設(shè)置三個(gè)交流電壓源Va,Vb,Vc相位角依次相差120，得到整流橋的三相電源。：+!Ia:+JIbIdBIcC30VdCAvABBC_PUlseScope11iAAAABCUniversalBridgeConstantloadVabVcaa

5、lpha_degBlock1SynchronizedConstan6-PUlseGeneratorJvpowergui圖2參數(shù)設(shè)置：三相電源電壓設(shè)置為380V,頻率設(shè)為50Hz，相角相互相差120度。變換器橋設(shè)置相當(dāng)于六個(gè)晶閘管，只要有適當(dāng)?shù)挠|發(fā)信號(hào)，便可以使變換器在對(duì)應(yīng)的時(shí)刻導(dǎo)通。設(shè)置同步電壓的頻率跟脈沖寬度分別為50Hz和10%，“alpha_deg”是移相控制角信號(hào)輸入端，通過(guò)設(shè)置輸入信號(hào)給它的常數(shù)模塊參數(shù)便可以得到不同的觸發(fā)角a,從而產(chǎn)生給出間隔60度的雙脈沖。選擇算法為ode23tb，stoptime設(shè)為0.06。1. 電阻負(fù)載仿真設(shè)置電路負(fù)載為純電阻性，R=100Q。以下是分別在度

6、，30度，60度,90度，120度時(shí)的仿真結(jié)果（見圖3-圖32）。2. 阻感負(fù)載仿真設(shè)置電路負(fù)載為阻感性，R=100Q，L=le-3。以下是分別在a=0度,30度,60度,75度,90度是仿真結(jié)果（見圖33-圖54）仿真結(jié)果和PowerguiFFTAnalysis顯示：1.電阻R=100Q,觸發(fā)角a=30度5相相電壓1000電流-1000-10圖3liriinniiindInput:irsmrtHSignalnumber:1FFTwindowAvailablesignalsStructure:Starttime(s):0.0Numberofcycles:1Fundamentalfiequenc

7、y(Hz):Iso-FFTsettingsDisplaystyle:Rar/VqIoHwo+cfiNomanto片IBasevalue:.0|Frequencyascis:Hannpnicorder,tMaxFreauency(Hz):1000Display|Close|FFTsettingsDisplaystyle:RarfrplstiwA+nfijnrismpntAhlBasevalue:|1.0Frequencyaxis:IHarmonicorderMaxFreauencv(Hz):1000DisplayCloseAvailablesignalsQiertrI+rrsrlhdFrV-G-

8、DisplayselectedsignalSel；Ctedsignal3cyclesFFTwiqdow(inred)：1壬丫八100.5000.010.02FFTanalysis0.03Time(s)1201008060oo/%40200.040.050.06lFundamental(50Hz)=009855卩THD=?1709%|ililllilhiili681012Harmonicorder14161820圖6、觸發(fā)脈沖FFT分析inmmiiniSignalnumber:Structure:FFTwindowStarttime(s):Fundamentalfrequency(Hzj:Num

9、berofcycles:1FFTsettingsDisplaystyle:BarfrelativetofundamentalBasevalue:|1.0Frequencyaxis:HarmonicorderMaxFrequency(Hz):1000DisplayClose-FFTwindowDisplaystyle:Stalltune(s):Numberofcycles:Fundamentalfrequency(Hz):Frequencvaxis:meordersuueicvTime(s)圖7、負(fù)載電壓FFT分析C?innIcrsrl.HFrfciWiDisplayselectedsignal

10、000.010.020.030.040.050.06FFTanalysisTime(s)圖8、負(fù)載電流FFT分析AvsiilhlpQinnalcStructure:mpui:Iinm冷ilSignalnumbe匚1FFTsettingsDisplayAvailablesianalsStructure:IIl|JUL.linm咔匸Signalnumbe匚1FFTwindowStarttime(s):0.0Numberofcycles:1Fundamentalfrequency(Hz):50FFTsettingsDisplaystyle:RsrfolKthratnfiinrlarnpntsinBa

11、sevalue:.0Frequencyaxis:HarmonicorderIMaxFrequencv(Hz):1000DisplayClose7Availablesignals2.電阻R=100Q,觸發(fā)角a=30度圖9FFTwindowSiqnalnumbei：FFTwindowAh/oi-ahostructure:Displaystyle:Structure:Stalltune(s):Numberofcycles:Funclamentalfrequency(Hzj:Stalltune(s):Numbei-ofcycles:Fundamentalfrequency(Hz):orderMaxFr

12、eauencv(Hzi：HarTnfiinr：ntAnt：iBasevaue:Frequencyaxis:Time(s)H呂irnonic圖10、三相電壓FFT分析pSeoctodsignal:3oyolos.FFTwindow(inrod):1oyoloslbt-_ar-iTimo圖11、三相電流FFT分析AvailablesignalslininniiirHJInput:1irsim*dJSignalnumbe匚1FFTsettingsDisplayFFTsettingsDisplaystyle:IRar盧ralotiwa+nfiirtrlamarYtsHSvIBasevalue:|1.0

13、IFrequencyaxis:Harmonicaider.MaxFreauencv(HzYwooIDisplayClose13Q1nnI+n-3nak*tq弘DisplayselectedsignalSelectedsignal:3cvclesFFTwindow(inred):1cvcL-|j-LL10.5Signalnumber:structure:lininniunl000.010.02FFTanalysis0.03Time(s)0.040.050.06150Fundamental(50Hz)=0080Q3,THD=39687%10050llill|IiIli681012Harmonico

14、rder14161820圖12、觸發(fā)脈沖FFT分析CJinn-aI+non-3Is*ta9Displayselectedsignal600400200wSefctedsignal:3cycles.FFTwipdow(inred):Jcycles000.010.02FFTanalysis0.03Time(s)0.040.050.06圖13、負(fù)載電壓FFT分析0Displayselectedsignal0Selectedsignal:3cycles.FFTwindow,(inred):1cycles1000.010.020.030.040.050.06FFTanalysisTime(s)圖14、負(fù)

15、載電流FFT分析FFTwindowStalltune(s：i:Numberofcycles:FundainentalfrequencyHz):FFTsettingsDisplaystyle:iderMaxFrequency(Hzj:iireativetofundamentaiFrequencyaxis:value:1.0HarmonicDisplayFFTsettingsDisplaystyle:RarfrslstivR+nfundsrTiRntsnBasevalue:.0Frequencyaxis:HarmonicaiderMaxFrequency(Hz):1000Display|Close

16、AvailshlinnalQStructure:input:Iinm“CSignalnumber:1T一FFTwindowStarttime(s):0.0Numberofcycles:1Fundamentalfrequency(Hz):50FFTsettingsDisplaystyle:RorFraloiiwa+ndFirtrJarnarYfaRBasevalue:|Q|Frequencyaxis:Hariupnicorderri.,MaxFieauencvCHzl1000Display|IClose10003、電阻R=100Q、觸發(fā)角a=60度0-5001050L負(fù)載1流、0.010.020

17、.030.040.050.06-5TimeoWset:圖15oDisplayselectedsignal0.03Time(s)Stiucture:Availablesignals1linirmiiindInput:-I1irnimrldSignalnumber:100.010.020.040.050.06HarmonicDisplaystyl已:Freauencvaxis:MaxFreauencFFTsettingsHsarfFdlsrhifaTnfintdsaim&ntAiBasevaue:DisplayRsrfral卅+nfimrlsimpntanBasevalue:pLOFrequenc

18、yaxis:HarmonicorderMaxFrequenc*(Hz):1000Di名pl呂yCloseFFTsettingsDisplaystyle:圖17、三相電流FFT分析Availablesignalsinmrinm-!Signalnumber:FFTwindowTime(s)FFTanalysislFundamental(50Hz)-0.05576,HD-574.65%l111lllllllilliihih200150structure:Stalltime(s):Fundamentalfrequency(Hzj:Numberofcycles:1100%50681012Harmonic

19、order14161820FFTsettingsDisplaystyle:RarfralativRtnfunriArriRntAhBasevalue:|1.0Frequencyaxis:HarmonicorderMaxFrequency(Hz):1000JDisplayClose1圖18、觸發(fā)脈沖FFT分析C?ieeeI+nrErldHPR0DisplayselectedsignalTime(s)FFTanalvsis圖19、負(fù)載電壓FFT分析QDisplayselectedsignalTime(s)FFTanalysisFundamenta|(50Hz)-1.672)THD-138.34%0

20、2468101214161820HarmonicorderFFTwindowStarttime(s):0.0Numberofcycles:1Fundamentalfrequency(Hz):FFTsettingsDisplaystyle:BarfrelativetofundamentaltBasevalue:|1.0Frequencyaxis:HarmonicorderMaxFrequen陽(yáng)(Hz):1000DisplayCloseAvailablesignalsStructure:mpuL.linmri-Signalnumbe匚1JFFTwindowStarttime(s):0.0Numbe

21、rofcycles:1Fundamentalfrequency(Hz):50FFTsettmgsDisplaystyle:AsrfrAlsitivstcfunrismAntanIBasevalue:|1.0IFrequencyaxis:HarmonicorderMaxFrequency(Hz):1000DisplayClose0圖20、負(fù)載電流FFT分析154、電阻R=100Q，觸發(fā)角a=120度圖23三相電流FFT分析1710000-100010=ffi0-10010005000ft#-500ft#10500.010.020.030.040.050.06-5TililT:0St圖21Avai

22、lablesignalsStructure:1liniriniiirs*1Input:1innirtdSignalnumber:1FFTwindowStarttime(s):0.0Numbeiofcycles:1Fundamentalfrequency(Hz):Iso-FFTsettingsDisplaystyle:R-bf+nfiinrJsam&intaR1Basevalue:|1.0|Frequencyaxis:Hannpnicorder,tMaxFreauencv(Hz):1000Di合pl自y|Close|圖22三相電壓FFT分析Eandniliiiirr，qDisplayselect

23、edsignal0.01SeIecTeDsigNA3cyclesfFTwindow(inreD)：1cyCeso.oi0.020.04-0.0100.03Time(s)Numberofcycles:1Signalnumber:FFTwindow0.050.06annomcorderMaxFreauencvtHz):FFTsettingsDisplaystyle:AvailahlpsinnalRStructure:Rsrrrpstrnrp+nfiindAmpntAiBasevaue:Freauencvaxis:Stalltime(s):Fundamentalfrequency(Hzj:Displ

24、ayAvailablesignals0DisplayselectedsignalSelectedsignal：3cyclesFFTwindow(inred)：1cycles-1jL“LL*L0.010.020.030.040.0510.500.06FFTanalysisTime(s),Fundqmental(j0Hz)=p.03037,THD=069.01%300200100hllll.lilllliil681012Harmonicorder14161820圖24觸發(fā)脈沖FFT分析Signalnumber:Structure:lininniiin1FFTwindowFundamentalfre

25、quency(Hzj:Stalltime(s):Numberofcycles:1RarfrpsfiwptnfiinriAinAntAiFrequencyaxis:FFTsettingsDisplaystyle:MaxFrequencv(Hz):annomcoideiDisplayFFTsettingsDisplaystyle:AsarfFalsHwa+cfimrlam&ntssihBasevalue:|1.0Frequencyaxis:HarmonicorderMaxF已quencv(Hz):1000DisplayCloseAvilshlpsinnaliStructure:inpuL.Sign

26、alnumber:1kFFTwindowStarttime(s):0.0Numbei-ofcycles:1Fundamentalfrequency(Hz):也IFFTsettingsDisplaystyle:srFraloHug+zfiirb-amaintt-aRvBasevalue:|1.0Frequencyaxis:IHarmonicorderMaxFreauencv(Hz):1000DisplayClose圖26負(fù)載電流FFT分析195、阻感負(fù)載R=100Q,L=le-3，觸發(fā)角a=0度-100.010.020.030.040.050.06圖27jiqnalnumbei:FFTwindo

27、wFFTsettingsDisplaystyle:Structure:Stalltime(s):Fundamentalfrequency(Hz):Freauencvaxis:orderMaxFieauencv(HzYTime(s)Numberofcycles:1Harmonic圖28三相電壓FFT分析TimeStarttime(s):0.0Numberofcycles:1Fundamentalfrequency(Hz):50Availablesignalsvalue:1.0DisplayAvsilhlp:innakIlininniiindInput:Iinm*TSignalnumber:1FF

28、TwindowFFTsettingsDisplaystyle:R-srFral/iupatnfiirbHomarvtolh-lBasevalue:1.0IFrequencyaxis:HannonicorderMaxFreciuencv(Hzl1000JDisplayCloseI圖29三相電流FFT分析21AvailablesignalsStructuie:10.5Selectedsignal:3cycps.FFTwiqdow(inred):c闿les000.010.020.030.040.050.06Time(s)rr1analysisFundamental(50Hz)=01073THD=28

29、495%ie100；Im80%4-l1LL、LU11LLLIII.iillllllh.002468101Harmonicorder214161820id)DisplayselectedsignalllininniunlInput:Jlinmifr勺Signalnumber:J1FFTwindowStarttime(s):0.0Numberofcycles:1Fundamentalfrequency(Hz):50FFTsettingsDisplaystyle:RsrfrelstivRtnfunrismentsnBasevalue:|1.0|Frequencyaxis:HarmonicorderM

30、axFrequency(Hz):1000DisplayClose圖30觸發(fā)脈沖FFT分析U；mrI+Time(s)AvailablesicinalsStructuie:llininniunltInput:linnut41FFTwindowFFTanalysisX0r3-2.521.510.5-00Fundamental(50Hz)=2009THD=22138%Starttime(s):0.0Numberofcycles:1Fundamentalfrequency(Hz):5068101214161820HarmonicorderFFTsettingsDisplaystyle:Barfrelat

31、ivetofundainentahBasevalue:|1.0Frequencyaxis:HarmonicorderMaxFrequency(Hz):T1000DisplayClose圖31負(fù)載電壓FFT分析FFTsettmgsDisplaystyle:Rarfrplaitivptnfirirl口muntsslhIBasevalue:|1.0Frequencyaxis:HarmonicorderMaxFrequency(Hz):1000IDisplayClose圖32負(fù)載電流FFT分析236阻感負(fù)載R=100Q,L=le-3，觸發(fā)角a=30度00.010.020.030.040.050.06圖

32、330DisplayselectedsignalTime(s)FFTwindowAvailablesignalsStalltune(sj:Numberofcycles:Fundamentalfrequency(Hz):IlininniiindJInput:Iirsm*!JSignalnumbe匚Structure:Displaystyle:Frequencvaxis:FFTsettingsBasevalue:1.0Display圖34三相電壓FFT分析Signalnumber:-FTwindowStalltime(sj:Numberofcycles:Fundamentalfrequency(H

33、z):TimeFFTsettingsDisplaystyle:RarFralati、ratnfiinrl口mantsalhBasevalue:|1.0Frequencyaxis:Hanwnicorder.fvlaxFreauencvfHz):1000DisplayClose圖35三相電流FFT分析25CJInrt-31+r*-3n-al*#tcsDisplayselectedsignalAvailablesignalsStructure:Selectedsignal:3cycles.FFTwindow(inred):1cvgfs-10.50.010.020.030.040.05Ilininni

34、ijn1Input:Jlinmri-PSignalnumbe匚J1000.06FFTwindowFFTanalysisTime(s)12010080604020Fundamental(50Hz)=009513THD=32390%ILLLL1IIiIliIIIliIIIliIIi68101214161820HarmonicorderStarttime(s):0.0Numberofcycles:1Fundamentalfrequency(Hz):50FFTsettingsDisplaystyle:RarfrelstivRtcfundamentahBasevalue:|1.0Frequencyaxi

35、s:HarmonicorderMaxFrequency(Hz):1000IClose圖36觸發(fā)脈沖FFT分析SignaltoanalyzeDisplayselectedsignal電)DisplayFFTwindow600400Aviilshlp至ifin訐丨窯Structure:IlinimniiindInput:2000.010.020.030.040.050.06Time(s)001FFTwindowStarttime(s):o.OIFundamentalfrequency(Hz):50匸10I口IIIUIIIUCIFFTsettingsDisplaystyle:aDisplaysele

36、ctedsignalSel圖37負(fù)載電壓FFT分析ODisplayFFTwindowjignalnumber:AvalabesianasStructure:lininniiin10.010.020.040.050.06000.03Time(sBaseVdlue:1.0FFTwindowStalltime(s):Numberofcycles:Fundamentalfrequency(Hz):armoniuorderMaxFreauencv(HzlDisplaystyle:alrretnfijnriAinpntAiFrequencyaxis:FFTsettingsDisplay圖38負(fù)載電流FFT

37、分析277阻感負(fù)載R=100Q,L=le-3，觸發(fā)角a=60-1001000500-50010Time:0sr0.010.020.030.040.050.06Displayselectedsignal圖39AvailablesignalsStructure:1lininniiindInput:1irtmrt4Signalnumber:1FFTwindowTime(s)Starttime(s):0.0Numberofcycles:1Fundamentalfiequency(Hz):FFTsettingsDisplaystyle:AsarFFalarfjwa+nfimrlam&ntssihv1Ba

38、sevalue:|1.0Frequencyaxis:HarmonicolderMaxFreque(Hz):1000DisplayClose圖40三相電壓FFT分析Fundamental(50Hz)=3.349,THD=67.08%02468101214161820HarmonicorderFFTsettingsDisplaystyle:RsirrrAlstfiirp+nfiinrlsiiTipntsRBasevalue:|1.0Frequencyaxis:IHarmonicolderMaxFrequenc(Hz):1000DisplayClose0圖41三相電流FFT分析29LL-|_LLL=

39、Ll匚unda.mental(0Hz)0077?4THD4041$%AvailablesiqnalsStructure:15010050illlllllliFFTsettingsDisplaystyle:68101214161820HarmonicorderRarfrelAitiwA+nfunriAmpntAnIBasevalue:.0|Frequencyaxis:HarmonicorderMaxFrequency(Hz):1000Display|Close圖42觸發(fā)脈沖FFT分析Qinn-altn-an-akoDisplayselectedsignalSel：ctedsigna卜3cycle

40、sfftwngow/(inred).1cycles60040020000.010.020.03一FFTanalysisTime(s)0.040.050.06FFTsettingsDisplaystyle:Rsrfrplstiip+nfiinrlsmpntAnBasevalue:|1.0IFrequencyaxis:HarmonicorderMaxFrequency(Hz):1000DisplayClose圖43負(fù)載電壓FFT分析Starttime(s):0.0Numberofcycles:1Fundamentalfrequency(Hz):50AvailablesignalsStructure

41、:IlininniiindJInput:Iirqmrl-UJSignalnumbe匚1FFTwindowFFTsettingsDisplaystyle:RarFralai*i、ra+cfiimrlumarYtulSvIBasevalue:|1.0IFrequencyaxis:Harmpnicorder,ulaxFreauencv(HzllioooIDisplayClose圖44負(fù)載電流FFT分析318阻感負(fù)載R=100Q,L=le-3，觸發(fā)角a=75圖45AvailablesignalsStructure:linirsniimdInput:；K5LdSignalnumber:1-FTwindo

42、wcEFundamentaL(50Hz)=058.2,THD=0.00%cE!-亠亠rrr1rrr0246810Harmonicorder1214161820圖46三相電壓FFT分析CinmI+erncIfcDisplayselectedsignalSelectedsicnal3cyclesFFTwindow/(inred)1cycles一-500.010.020.040.050.060.03Time(s)圖47三相電流FFT分析Starttime(s):0.0Numberofcycles:1FundamentalfreauencvCHzlIso-FFTsettingsDisplaystyle

43、:RarFraloHwa+c*Fiirbr-amarM-aiRIBasevalue:|1Q|Frequencyaxis:Hanuonicorder,MaxFreauenc廿(HzY1000Di舍plClo醤eFFTsettingsDisplaystyle:RarfralativRtnfunriamRntanBasevalue:|1QFrequencyaxis:HarmonicorderMaxFrequency(Hz):1000DisplayClose41Sianaltoanalvze($：DisplayselectedsignalAvailablesignalsStructure:1LLLrr

44、LSelectedsignal:3cycles.FFTwindow(inred):1cyclesllininqjunlInput:input3Signalnumber:000.010.020.030.040.050.06Time(s)FFTanalysisFundamental(50Hz)=0.07734,THD=404.16%FFTsettingsDisplaystyle:Bar(relativetofundamental)Basevalue:QFrequencyaxis:HarmonicorderMaxFrequency(Hz):1000DisplayClo銅圖48觸發(fā)脈沖FFT分析SianaltoanalvzeaDisplayselectedsignalSelectedsignal:3cycles.FFTwindow(inred):1cycles000.010.020.030.040.050.06Time(s)-FFTanalysisHarmonicorderFFTwe社i