M7U2_Reading理解和知識點講解

1、Unit 2 Fit for LifeWelcome to the unitCan you name any jobs that are related to medicine? a person who prepares and sells medicine a chemist a person who performs medical operations a surgeon a person who examines peoples eyes to see if they need to wear glasses an eye doctora person who takes care

2、of peoples teeth a dentist Acupuncture is the use of needles to _ peoples health problems.treatWhat happens to the person?He is receiving an acupuncture treatment on an ear. What is acupuncture? When you fall ill, what will you do ? People may take medicines when they are ill. However, if they dont

3、take the right medicine in the right way, they may not get better and even get worse.What will you do if you fall ill?Lead-intake medicinehave an injection Do you know what they are? aspirinpenicillinHow much do you know about the two medicines?Go through the text as quickly as possible and try to f

4、ind answers to the following questions. 1.When was penicillin first discovered? In 1928.2. What award did Fleming, Florey n and Chain share? The Nobel Prize in Medicine.1. Which is the right development order?a. Penicillin was discovered. b. Aspirin was used to prevent strokes.c. Mass production of

5、penicillin began.d. Aspirin was sold in shops in the form of tablets. A. a d b c B. a c b d C. d a c b D. d a b c2. The author holds a/an _attitude towards the use of 2 drugs. A. objective B. concerned C. supportive D. persuasiveCCStructure analysis_ to the topicPart I (para. 1)Part II (paras. 2-3)P

6、art III (paras. 4-5)The development and _ of aspirinThe development and effects of penicillinIntroductioneffectsIn 1900:In 1971:In 1977:In 2003:sold in shops in the form of tabletsproved to reduce the risk of heart attacksused to prevent strokesused to reduce blood sugar levelsDevelopment of aspirin

7、In 1928:In 1940:In 1944:In 1945:discovered by Alexander Flemingmade and tested in large quantitiesThe three scientists shared the Nobel Prize in Medicine.Development of Penicillinmass production beganEffects of aspirin Reduce fever and help stop pain Reduce the risk of heart attacks Prevent strokes

8、Reduce the risk of some cancers by 40% Increase the length of peoples lives Reduce blood sugar levels Effects of penicillin Help in treating wounds and illnesses caused by bacteria1. Aspirin has been sold in the form of tablets for _. A. nearly 3500 years B. nearly 60 yearsC. at least 110 years D.40

9、 years2. “It” here in the sentence “-there was blue mould in it.” (Line 37) refers to_.A. penicillin B. experiment C. dish D. bacteriaFurther understanding 3. Penicillin was discovered in and saved many lives in .A. 1914; World B.1928; World War C. 1929; Vietnam War D.1945; World War 4. contributed

10、to the mass production of penicillin.A. Alexander Fleming and Howard FloreyB. Ernst Chain and Yuan MinshengC. Alexander Fleming and Lawrence CravenD. Howard Florey and Ernst ChainFill in the blanks with no more than one word according to the text(P18-19).Consoliation: Task-based readingName of the m

11、edicineAspirinPenicillinDevelopmentNearly 3,500 years ago, people used leaves (1)_ a special chemical to reduce body pains and fever. Around 2,500 years ago, Hippocrates made a (2)_ from a tree bark with salicylic acid for the same effect. In 1897,Dr Felix Hoffmann produced aspirin from salicylic ac

12、id. Aspirin was initially used with patients in (3)_ form in 1899. In 1900, aspirin came onto the (4)_ in the form of tablets. Shortly afterwards it became the best-selling painkiller in the world. In 1928, the drug was discovered, but it wasnt (7)_ enough to work as a medicine and was hard to produ

13、ce in large (8)_. In 1940, two other scientists helped find (9)_ to the two problems. In 1944, mass production started and penicillin was widely used due to World War Twos great need for it.Effects Reducing fever and (5)_ pain; Reducing the risk of heart attacks; Preventing strokes; Reducing the ris

14、k of some cancers by 40% Making peoples lives (6)_ Reducing blood sugar levels.Treating illnesses caused by (10)_.AspirinDevelopmentNearly 3,500 years ago, people used leaves(1)_ a special chemical to reduce body pains and fever. Around 2,500 years ago, Hippocrates made a (2)_ from a tree bark with

15、salicylic acid for the same effect. In 1897,Dr Felix Hoffmann produced aspirin from salicylic acid. Aspirin was initially used with patients in (3)_ form in 1899. In 1900, aspirin came onto the (4)_ in the form of tablets. Shortly afterwards it became the best-selling painkiller in the world.Effects

16、 Reducing fever and (5)_ pain; Reducing the risk of heart attacks; Preventing strokes; Reducing the risk of some cancers by 40% Making peoples lives (6)_ Reducing blood sugar levels.Name of the medicinePenicillinDevelopment In 1928, the drug was discovered, but it wasnt (7)_ enough to work as a medi

17、cine and was hard to produce in large (8)_. In 1940, two other scientists helped find (9)_ to the two problems. In 1944, mass production started and penicillin was widely used due to World War Twos great need for it.EffectsTreating illnesses caused by (10) _.AspirinDevelopmentNearly 3,500 years ago,

18、 people used leaves(1)_ a special chemical to reduce body pains and fever. Around 2,500 years ago, Hippocrates made a (2)_ from a tree bark with salicylic acid for the same effect. In 1897,Dr Felix Hoffmann produced aspirin from salicylic acid. Aspirin was initially used with patients in (3)_ form i

19、n 1899. In 1900, aspirin came onto the (4)_ in the form of tablets. Shortly afterwards it became the best-selling painkiller in the world.Effects Reducing fever and (5)_ pain; Reducing the risk of heart attacks; Preventing strokes; Reducing the risk of some cancers by 40% Making peoples lives (6)_ R

20、educing blood sugar levels.containingpossessingjuicepowdermarketstoppinglongerName of the medicinePenicillinDevelopment In 1928, the drug was discovered, but it wasnt (7)_ enough to work as a medicine and was hard to produce in large (8)_. In 1940, two other scientists helped find (9)_ to the two pr

21、oblems. In 1944, mass production started and penicillin was widely used due to World War Twos great need for it.EffectsTreating illnesses caused by (10) _.purequantitiessolutionsbacteria What do you think the world would be like if there were no medicines? Do you believe that someday people will inv

22、ent some pills to keep us energetic all day? Why?Idioms about medicine A good _ tastes bitter. Laugh is the best _ in the world There is no _ against death.focus on: pay attention to.（注意力）集中于譯: 在聽講座時，你應(yīng)該把注意力集中于演講者的主要觀點。 When listening to a lecture, you should focus on the speakers main points. 集中注意力

23、于 focus/ concentrate (ones attention/ mind) on. fix ones eyes/ attention/ mind on. pay attention to (attention前不能使用ones , 但可以用little, much, special等詞修飾)譯: 父母經(jīng)常叫我集中注意力干工作。 My parents often tell me to focus my attention on my work. n. focus 焦點譯: 巨星一進大廳就成為注意的焦點。 The superstar became the focus of attent

24、ion immediately/ instantly she came into the hall.1. (L1) This article will focus on two drugs that started revolutions in medicine.It is likely that sb./sth. is likely to do sth. 區(qū)別區(qū)別possible的結(jié)構(gòu)：的結(jié)構(gòu)： It is possible that It is possible for sb. to do sth. 區(qū)別區(qū)別probable的結(jié)構(gòu)：的結(jié)構(gòu)：It is probable that. - Wh

25、ich team is _ to win the game? - In my opinion, it is _for our team to win.A. probable; likely B. possible; probable C. possible; likely D. likely; possible2. (L3) , it is likely that you will find aspirin and penicillin.adv. possiblyadv. probably3. (L8-10) Nearly 3,500 years ago, people chewed on l

26、eaves or. fever.(L13-15) The first trials of this medicine took place in 1899, when . 1) 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)2) trial n. 試驗，試用 U,C a three-month trial period 譯: 該新藥在批量生產(chǎn)之前經(jīng)過了多次醫(yī)學(xué)試驗。The new medicine went through a number of medical trials before it was mass-produced. 譯: We must put the machine on trial. 我們必須試運行那臺機

27、器。 = We must give the machine a trial. We had the machine on trial for a week.Chidren learn to ride a bike by trial and error. 試用，試運行試用，試運行在試用中，在測試中在試用中，在測試中通過反復(fù)試驗，不斷摸索通過反復(fù)試驗，不斷摸索3. (L8-10) Nearly 3,500 years ago, people chewed on leaves or. fever.(L13-15) The first trials of this medicine took plac

28、e in 1899, when . 3) inform/ in the form of以以形式形式譯譯: 如今，很多書都有電子版。如今，很多書都有電子版。Nowadays, many books are available in electronic form.4. (L17) relief (n.)1) U, sing.（不快之后的）寬慰；輕松；解脫（不快之后的）寬慰；輕松；解脫一種解脫感一種解脫感 松了口氣松了口氣 讓某人欣慰的是讓某人欣慰的是 譯譯: News of their safety came as a great relief.他們安全的消息給大家?guī)砹司薮蟮陌参?。他們安全的?/p>

29、息給大家?guī)砹司薮蟮陌参俊?) U 救濟，救濟物資救濟，救濟物資famine reliefv. relieve 1) relieve anxiety/ guilt/ the symptoms of a cold/ pressure on traffic2) 譯譯: 這個消息讓我松了口氣。這個消息讓我松了口氣。The news relieved me.= I was relieved at/ to hear the news.3) relieve sb. of sth. 幫助幫助.減輕；替減輕；替.拿拿.My assistant relieved me of most of my work.ri

30、d/ inform/ rob/ warn/ cure/ convince/ remind/ accuse sb. of sth.a sense of reliefbreathe/ let out a sigh of reliefmuch to ones relief注意：Not only 之后的分句部分倒裝 ，but (also) 之后的分句不能倒裝。譯: 這個城市不僅被嚴重污染，街道也很擁擠。Not only was the city seriously polluted, but also the streets were crowded. 另外，含有否定意義的副詞及短語位于句首作狀語，主

31、句倒裝，如: never, seldom, scarcely, rarely, hardly, little, in no way/ case, by no means, in/ under no circumstances, on no condition, at no time等以及Not until- Its nice. Never before _ such a special drink!- Im glad you like it.A. I have had B. I had C. have I had D. had I We laugh at jokes, but seldom _

32、 about how they work. A. we think B. think we C. we do think D. do we think5. (L18-19) Not only has aspirin proved ., but there are also other things that aspirin can help with. Not until _ his home _ to know how important the family was for him.A. he left; did he begin B. he left; had he begun C. d

33、id he leave; he began D. did he leave; he had begun注意注意：區(qū)別：區(qū)別not .until.在強調(diào)句型中的使用。在強調(diào)句型中的使用。 (請將上句改為強調(diào)句型。請將上句改為強調(diào)句型。)It was not until he left his home that he began to know how important the family was for him.5. (L18-19) Not only has aspirin proved ., but there are also other things that aspirin ca

34、n help with.6. (L19-21) Lawrence Craven, a doctor from the USA, introduced the idea in 1953 that . 1) 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu) the idea 后接一個由that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句，說明idea的內(nèi)容，兩者被時間狀語in 1953隔開。 that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時，應(yīng)放在某些抽象名詞之后，如：hope, desire, thought, suggestion, idea, news, possibility等，對前面的名詞起補充說明的作用，that只起引導(dǎo)詞作用，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，不能省略。 The

35、fact has worried many scientists _ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these days. A. what B. which C. that D. though The news that our football team won the match was encouraging. The news (that) we heard on the radio was not true. 同位語從句同位語從句定語從句定語從句7. (L24) carry out 貫徹；執(zhí)行（計劃，命令等）貫徹；執(zhí)行（計劃，命令等）

36、 carry on (繼續(xù)繼續(xù))進行、進行下去，強調(diào)堅持進行、進行下去，強調(diào)堅持譯譯: 計劃一旦制定，不管它有多難都應(yīng)該將它執(zhí)行。計劃一旦制定，不管它有多難都應(yīng)該將它執(zhí)行。Once a plan is made, it should be carried out no matter how difficult it is.譯譯: 假如只是保持沉默的話，你是無法進行交談的假如只是保持沉默的話，你是無法進行交談的。You cant carry on a conversation if you just remain silent.The meal over, the managers went b

37、ack to the meeting room to _ their discussion.A. put away B. take down C. look over D. carry on8. (L25-26) Eleven years later, . reduce the risk of some cancers by 40 percent.reduce sth. from . to .把從減少到reduc sth by sth把減少了 (by表“幅度”)譯: 雇員人數(shù)從40人減少到了25人。The number of employees was reduced from 40 to 2

38、5. 譯: 過去一年，各項費用已經(jīng)減少了20%.Costs have been reduced by 20% over the past year. Luckily, the bullet missed his head _ one inch.A. for B. byC. in D. to note v.1) 注意，留意注意，留意譯譯: 我注意到他的鼻子在流血。我注意到他的鼻子在流血。I noted that his nose was bleeding.譯譯: 應(yīng)該注意的是新機器在投入使用之前要試用一下。應(yīng)該注意的是新機器在投入使用之前要試用一下。It should be noted that

39、 before being put into use, the new machine ought to be tried out first.注意：表注意：表“記下記下”的短語的短語: write down, take down, note down, set down, put down2) 指出，特別提到譯: 值得指出的是，要想成功，勤奮是必須的。It is worth noting that dilligence is whatever it takes to achieve success.9. (L35-36) He noted that a dish in which he wa

40、s trying to grow bacteria. n. 1) C 筆記 (常用復(fù)數(shù)) take notes of = note down students busy taking notes in class2) 注意到take note of = take notice of 3) 紙幣a 100-yuan note4) 便條譯: 她在廚房的桌上留了張便條，說，“我明天就回來。”She left a note for Tom on the kitchen table saying, “Ill come back tomorrow.” 5) 語調(diào) on ones personal note譯: 他的話中帶有一種警告的口氣。There was a note of warning in what he said. 9. (L35-36) He noted that a dish in which