高中政治 第1課 生活在人民當(dāng)家作主的國(guó)家 第2框 政治權(quán)利與義務(wù)參與政治生活的基礎(chǔ)課件 新人教版必修2 (1871)

1、Section Word power & Grammar and usage一二一、寫作詞匯預(yù)習(xí)Word power & Grammar and usage部分的詞匯,完成下列小對(duì)話或語段。1.Although he is over 70,he is very strong.Exactly.He often does some exercise to build up his (肌肉).2.I cant live with Tom any longer.Whats up?I am tired of his (愚蠢).3.Whats the doctors advice?The

2、doctor said that she needed to improve her (健康).muscles foolishness fitness 一二4.Can I get a job when I get there?Sorry,I cant give you a (保證) at the moment.5.As a student,you should try to (對(duì)積極)your future.If some (消極的想法)control you,you will lose many good chances.So (趕走)such ideas,and try to be mor

3、e active,and you will succeed sooner or later.guarantee be positive about negative ideas drive away 一二二、閱讀詞匯預(yù)習(xí)Word power & Grammar and usage部分的詞匯,寫出畫線部分的漢語意思。In order to improve my fitness 1.,I often participate 2.in some sports.I do some jogging to strengthen my muscles 3.In addition,I am fond

4、of yoga 4.When we meet with some trouble,it is important to keep positive 5.Being sorry or negative 6.will do harm to our health.健康 參加 增強(qiáng)肌肉 瑜伽 積極的 消極的 123456語法指南1.First of all,laughing out loud helps improve your general fitness.(P9)首先,大聲地笑出來有助于改善你的身體健康?？键c(diǎn):fitness n.健壯,健康;適合【高考典句】(2015福建高考)Group exe

5、rcise is one of the most effective ways to improve physical fitness and sustain a healthy lifestyle.群體鍛煉是改善身體健康、保持健康生活方式的最有效的方法之一?！靖呖嫉渚洹?2015福建高考)Make fitness even more fun by trying something new or any group fitness class,with a friend.和朋友一起,通過嘗試新事物或者團(tuán)體健身課,使健身更有趣。123456語法指南考點(diǎn)延伸閱讀下列句子,指出黑體單詞的詞性及含義T

6、he young man is fit for the new job.這個(gè)年輕人很適合這個(gè)新工作。詞性 含義 Exercise can keep fit.鍛煉能保持健康。詞性 含義 This coat fits me well.這件大衣很適合我。詞性 含義 形容詞適合的 形容詞 健康的 動(dòng)詞 大小適合 123456語法指南易混辨析fit,suit和matchfit指大小、形狀的合適,引申為吻合、協(xié)調(diào)。suit指合乎需要、口味、條件、地位,以及花色、款式等與某人的皮膚、氣質(zhì)、身材或身份相稱。match多指大小、色調(diào)、形狀、性質(zhì)等的搭配。The cap suits her face well,b

7、ut this new jacket doesnt fit her well.It is too big.In my opinion,shed better buy blue trousers to match her coat.這個(gè)帽子很適合她的臉型,但是這件新夾克衫她穿著不合身,太大了。在我看來,她最好買藍(lán)色的褲子來搭配她的外套。123456語法指南fit adj. 適合的;健康的;vt. 使適合be fit for.適合于123456語法指南123456語法指南123456語法指南2.This is because laughter strengthens the heart and t

8、he lungs.(P9)這是因?yàn)樾δ茉鰪?qiáng)心臟和肺部的功能。考點(diǎn):strengthen vt. & vi. 增強(qiáng);鞏固He has been brought in to strengthen the defence.已經(jīng)請(qǐng)他來加強(qiáng)防衛(wèi)力量。Doctors said that his injured shoulder would take time to strengthen.醫(yī)生說,他受傷的肩膀需要花時(shí)間來鞏固。123456語法指南考點(diǎn)延伸閱讀下列句子,指出黑體單詞的詞性及含義【高考典句】(2015安徽高考)Without the strength of the family,ther

9、e is no business.沒有家族的力量,就沒有生意。詞性 含義 【高考典句】(2015天津高考)They are potential powers we possess:energy,skill,sound judgment,creative ideas even physical strength greater than most of us realize.它們是我們擁有的潛在的力量:精力、技能、明智的判斷、創(chuàng)造性的想法甚至身體的力氣都比我們大多數(shù)人認(rèn)識(shí)到的要大。詞性 含義 名詞 力量 名詞 力量 123456語法指南易混辨析energy,power,force和strengt

10、henergy,power,strength和force均可表示“力”。energy意為“能量”,尤指人在做某事并為完成該事所表現(xiàn)出的生機(jī)勃勃的力,多用作不可數(shù)名詞。power意為“能力”,詞義豐富,可指內(nèi)在的或外加的力、潛在的或活動(dòng)的力、具體的或抽象的力、身體的或精神的力等。force意為“力”,常指促使物體運(yùn)動(dòng)的力,也可指勢(shì)力、武力或暴力,可用作可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞。strength意為“體力”,常指人體或物體內(nèi)存在的力,如氣力、耐力、抵抗力,有時(shí)也可指進(jìn)行某種活動(dòng)的推動(dòng)力。123456語法指南1.strengthen是由strength加上en構(gòu)成的;有些詞(尤其是形容詞)后面加上后綴-

11、en,可構(gòu)成及物動(dòng)詞,意為“使”;類似的有:blacken使變黑broaden使變寬deepen使加深thicken使變厚2.strength n.力氣;力量build up ones strength增強(qiáng)某人的體質(zhì)123456語法指南123456語法指南123456語法指南3.As you laugh,the muscles participating in the laugh become active.(P9)當(dāng)你笑的時(shí)候,那些參與笑的肌肉變得活躍起來?？键c(diǎn):participate vi. 參加,參與【高考典句】(2015福建高考)As children,we thought very

12、little about these educational wonders.Our family,however,was growing together,sharing experiences and participating in one anothers education.作為孩子,我們對(duì)這些教育奇跡考慮很少。但是,我們的家庭,一起成長(zhǎng),分享著經(jīng)歷、參與彼此的教育。Everyone in this class is expected to participate in the discussion.班里的每個(gè)人都被期望參加討論。123456語法指南考點(diǎn)延伸(1)閱讀下列句子,指出黑

13、體單詞的相關(guān)詞組及含義 I dont want to participate in the coming English party.我不想?yún)⒓蛹磳⒌絹淼挠⒄Z派對(duì)。詞組 含義 (2)閱讀下列句子,指出黑體單詞的詞性及含義One thousand participants competed in the events.一千名參與者在這些項(xiàng)目中比賽。詞性 含義 participate in參加participant n.參與者participate in 參加 名詞 參與者 123456語法指南易錯(cuò)提示participate是不及物動(dòng)詞,若后面接賓語,則需在participate后加上介詞in。S

14、ome students from that school participated that ceremony.()Some students from that school participated in that ceremony.()123456語法指南易混辨析attend,join,join in,take part in和participate in這些動(dòng)詞或詞組均含“參加,加入”之意。attend側(cè)重參加或出席會(huì)議或?qū)W術(shù)活動(dòng)等。join普通用詞,指加入黨派、團(tuán)體或游戲活動(dòng)等。participate in正式用詞,特指參加團(tuán)體活動(dòng),暗示以一個(gè)積極的角色參加。take part i

15、n側(cè)重參加某項(xiàng)群眾性、集體性的事業(yè)、工作或活動(dòng),突出參加者在其中發(fā)揮一定的作用。join in加入到某人的行列中做某事。123456語法指南123456語法指南123456語法指南4.Experts say that the positive feelings produced by laughter not only make us happy but also help us reduce pain.(P9)專家說,通過笑產(chǎn)生的積極的情緒不但會(huì)使我們開心,而且?guī)椭覀儨p少痛苦?？键c(diǎn):positive adj. 積極的;正面的;肯定的【高考典句】(2015福建高考)First,decide

16、to do it for yourself and work towards staying positive.Then make sure the people you surround yourself with are supportive.首先,決定為你自己做這件事,工作時(shí)保持積極的態(tài)度。然后確保你周圍的人是支持你的。His family have a very positive influence on him.他的家人對(duì)他有著十分積極的影響。123456語法指南考點(diǎn)延伸(1)閱讀下列句子,指出黑體單詞的相關(guān)詞組及含義You have every reason to be posit

17、ive about the future.你完全有理由對(duì)未來感到樂觀。詞組 含義 (2)閱讀下列句子,指出黑體單詞的詞性及含義We need to approach this problem positively.我們需要積極地處理這個(gè)問題。詞性 含義 He gave me a negative answer.他給了我一個(gè)否定的答案：。詞性 含義 be positive about 對(duì)樂觀 副詞 積極地 形容詞 否定的 123456語法指南be positive about.對(duì)樂觀positively adv. 積極地negative adj. 否定的123456語法指南123456語法指南5

18、.some jokes will drive away your negative feelings and make you feel much better.(P9)一些笑話會(huì)趕走你的負(fù)面情緒,從而使你感覺好多了?？键c(diǎn):drive away 驅(qū)趕;趕走;驅(qū)車離開;把(汽車)開走;開車送走Lets be merry and drive cares away.讓我們盡情歡樂,驅(qū)散心里的煩惱吧。The police drove people away from the spot.警察把人群趕離現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。The young man drove his guests away.這個(gè)年輕人開車送走了他的客

19、人。123456語法指南考點(diǎn)延伸閱讀下列句子,指出黑體單詞的相關(guān)詞組及含義The fierce competition among restaurants has driven down prices.餐館之間激烈的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)已經(jīng)使價(jià)格壓低了不少。詞組 含義 Government forces have driven the rebels out of the eastern area.政府軍已經(jīng)把叛軍驅(qū)逐出東部地區(qū)。詞組 含義 The governments policies are driving up interest rates.政府的政策正促使利率升高。詞組 含義 drive down 壓

20、低 drive out 驅(qū)逐 drive up 提高(價(jià)格) 123456語法指南drive down壓低drive out驅(qū)逐drive up提高(價(jià)格)123456語法指南123456語法指南561234語法指南6.Practise is the only way to guarantee a successful performance.(P9)練習(xí)是保證成功表演的唯一途徑?？键c(diǎn):guarantee vt. & n.保證;擔(dān)保【高考典句】 (2015北京高考)If youre not satisfied,return it.Money-back guarantee!如果你不滿意,

21、退回來。保證退錢!We guarantee you delivery within one day.我們擔(dān)保你在一日內(nèi)收到。I guarantee that you will enjoy yourself.我保證你會(huì)玩得快樂。561234語法指南考點(diǎn)延伸閱讀下列句子,指出黑體單詞的相關(guān)詞組及含義Freedom of speech is guaranteed by our laws.言論自由受我們的法律保護(hù)。詞組 含義 Our tutors can guarantee to get you through the exams.我們的導(dǎo)師能保證你通過考試。詞組 含義 My watch is sti

22、ll under guarantee,so theyll repair it for free.我的表還在保修期內(nèi),所以他們會(huì)免費(fèi)給我修表的。詞組 含義 be guaranteed by 被保護(hù) guarantee to do sth. 保證做某事 under guarantee 在保修期內(nèi) 561234語法指南guarantee sb.sth.向某人保證某事guarantee that 保證be guaranteed by被保護(hù)guarantee to do sth.保證做某事under guarantee在保修期內(nèi)561234語法指南561234語法指南651234語法指南語法指南非謂語動(dòng)

23、詞作主語、賓語、表語、定語和補(bǔ)足語(一)不定式和動(dòng)名詞作主語.不定式作主語時(shí),可以用it作形式主語 It is important for Tom to get that job.得到那份工作對(duì)湯姆來說很重要。It is kind of you to help me with my English.你能幫我學(xué)英語實(shí)在是太好了。總結(jié):在It is+adj.+for/of sb.to do sth.的結(jié)構(gòu)中,若此形容詞說明的是不定式的性質(zhì)時(shí),則用for;若說明的是人(sb.)的特性,則用of。651234語法指南.動(dòng)名詞作主語還有以下兩個(gè)習(xí)慣表達(dá)法1.It is no use (good)+動(dòng)名詞

24、sth.做某事沒用(不好)。2.There is no+doing(動(dòng)名詞)sth.不可能做某事Its no use crying over spilt milk.覆水難收。Its no good spitting in public.在公共場(chǎng)合隨地吐痰不好。There is no knowing what may happen.可能發(fā)生什么無法知道。651234語法指南.動(dòng)名詞和不定式作主語的區(qū)別 Walking is a good way of exercise.散步是鍛煉的一種好方法。Its my work this afternoon to teach the children.教這些

25、孩子是我今天下午的工作。總結(jié):不定式和動(dòng)名詞作主語的區(qū)別1.不定式作主語時(shí)常表示某一次具體的動(dòng)作,具有偶然性;2.doing(動(dòng)名詞)表示習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,往往表示抽象概念。注意:該規(guī)則同樣適用于作賓語、表語,如like to do/like doing。651234語法指南(二)非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語 .僅用不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞有:agree,refuse,offer,promise,decide,determine,intend,manage,fail,hope,expect,long,wish,tend,desire,plan,pretend等。.動(dòng)詞 know,show 等常跟疑問詞加不定式作賓語

26、。.在某些復(fù)合賓語中,用it作形式賓語,而把不定式放到后面去。consider/feel/think/find/make it+n./adj.+to do sth.I found it impossible to finish the work on time.我發(fā)現(xiàn)不可能準(zhǔn)時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)工作。.僅用動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞有:admit,advocate(提倡),appreciate,avoid,delay,enjoy,escape,excuse,prevent,finish,imagine,mind,miss,practice,resist,risk,suggest,stand,forgive,ke

27、ep等。651234語法指南.allow,permit,forbid,advise后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語,但如果在它們后提到有關(guān)的人,就只能用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語,如:allow sb.to do sth.。.在動(dòng)詞need,require,deserve 等后加動(dòng)名詞作賓語時(shí)表示被動(dòng)意義,相當(dāng)于 to be done。如:need doing=need to be done。651234語法指南(三)非謂語動(dòng)詞作表語.注意兩個(gè)問題一是并行結(jié)構(gòu)問題二是時(shí)間問題:一般來說,不定式作表語都表示該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在將來,故在表示“目的、愿望、夢(mèng)想、需求”等的名詞作主語時(shí),其表語應(yīng)該用不定式。動(dòng)名詞作表語一般用來表示

28、“身份、職業(yè)”等。My dream of life is to become a scientist.我的人生夢(mèng)想是成為科學(xué)家。My job is teaching.我的職業(yè)是教書。651234語法指南.現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作表語的區(qū)別:現(xiàn)在分詞說明主語所具有的特征;過去分詞多表示主語所處的狀態(tài)。The speech was inspiring.這個(gè)演講令人鼓舞。The students were greatly inspired.學(xué)生受到極大鼓舞。651234語法指南.由 all,what 引導(dǎo)的主語從句或者主語被only,first,one,least 或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí),而且從句中含do

29、或do的形式does/did時(shí),其表語如果是動(dòng)詞不定式,則往往省去to。All I did was empty the bottle.我所做的是倒空這個(gè)瓶子。What I wanted to do was drive all night.我想做的是徹夜開車。The only thing I could do was do it myself.我唯一能做的是我自己解決。651234語法指南(四)非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語.位置:單個(gè)分詞作定語可放在名詞前,其余均放在名詞后。Do you know the student seated/sitting at the back of the classroom

30、?你認(rèn)識(shí)坐在教室后面的那個(gè)學(xué)生嗎?Have you read the news referring to house prices?你看過關(guān)于房?jī)r(jià)的那則新聞嗎?the concerned parents 憂心的家長(zhǎng)the parents concerned 相關(guān)的家長(zhǎng)651234語法指南.非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語時(shí)要注意以下區(qū)別:A)分詞作定語時(shí)與其所修飾的名詞有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系;a sleeping child=a child who is sleeping 睡覺的孩子B)動(dòng)名詞作定語時(shí)只表示用途、場(chǎng)所等意義;a sleeping bag=a bag for sleeping 睡袋C)不定式作定語時(shí)

31、要注意以下一些固定結(jié)構(gòu) 若作定語的動(dòng)詞不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞,后面必須要有介詞; to do 表示事情由句子主語自己做;to be done 表示事情由別人做;在 ability,attempt,chance,courage,decision,effort,power,right,time 等名詞后;651234語法指南由序數(shù)詞only,last,next 或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾的名詞常用不定式作定語;She has no pencil to write with.她沒有鉛筆寫字。I dont think he is the best man to do the job.我認(rèn)為他不是做這項(xiàng)工作的最佳人選。I have no time to do my homework.我沒有時(shí)間做作業(yè)。He is always the first/the last one to leave the office.他總是第一個(gè)/最后一個(gè)離開辦公室。651234語法指南D)表示被動(dòng)意義的非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語時(shí)的用法done表示已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作;to be done表示尚未開始的動(dòng)作;being done表示正在進(jìn)行之中的動(dòng)作The