高二過去分詞講解與練習(xí)

1、高二過去分詞講解與練習(xí)1. 分詞的定義:動詞的-ed分詞即過去分詞，是由動詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成，一般只有一種形式。2. 過去分詞的語法作用： 過去分詞一方面具有動詞的性質(zhì)，另一方面也相當于一個形容詞或副詞，在句中可以作表語、定語、狀語和補足語。1) 過去分詞作表語，主要表示主語的心理感覺或所處的狀態(tài)。如：Dont touch the glass because it is broken. 不要碰那個杯子，它是壞的。He is quite pleased with the design of the dress. 她很喜歡那禮服的式樣。2) 過去分詞做定語：單個的過去分詞作定語一般放在名詞的前面，相

2、當于一個定語從句。The excited people rushed into the building. 激動的人們奔進了大樓。We need more qualified teachers. 我們需要更多合格的教師。過去分詞短語作定語通常放在被修飾的詞后面，相當于一個定語從句。如：Is there anything planned for tomorrow? 明天有什么活動嗎？The suggestion made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager.過去分詞作定語也可用作非限制性定語，前后用逗號隔開。如：The books,

3、written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people.The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success. 3) 過去分詞做狀語：過去分詞和-ing分詞作狀語一樣，也可以表示時間、原因、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨情況等。表時間，相當于一個時間狀語從句，有時過去分詞前可加連詞when或while來強調(diào)時間概念.如：Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden. Accepted by th

4、e Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party.表原因，相當于一個原因狀語從句。如：Deeply moved by the story, the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other. Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle. 表條件，相當于一個條件狀語從句，有時過去分詞前可用if等詞。如：Given another

5、chance, he will do better.再給他一次機會，他會做得更好。Compared with your brother, you should make greater efforts to study English.If heated, water can be turned into steam.水如果被加熱，會變成水蒸氣。表讓步，相當于一個though/although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。如：Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber.盡管已經(jīng)跑得筋疲力盡，他們還是繼續(xù)追趕著那個強盜。L

6、aughed at by many people, he continued his study. 盡管被許多人嘲笑，他還是繼續(xù)他的研究。表方式或伴隨情況。如：The old man went into the room, supported by his wife.Seated at the table, my father and I were talking about my job. 4) 過去分詞作補足語：過去分詞可以在see, hear, notice, watch, find, get, have, feel, make, leave, keep等詞后與一名詞或代詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語，

7、用作賓語補語。如：When will you go to the hospital and have your tooth examined? 你什么時候去醫(yī)院檢查你的牙齒？When you are making a speech, you should speak louder to make yourself heard.當這類句子變成被動語態(tài)時，過去分詞用作主語補語。如：One of the glasses was found broken. 有人發(fā)現(xiàn)其中一個杯子破了。They should be kept informed of the situation there. 應(yīng)該讓他們知道

8、那兒的形勢。1. 過去分詞作狀語時，它的邏輯主語一般必須和句子的主語相一致。如：When asked why he came here, the boy kept silent.當那男孩被問到為何來這里時他沉默不語。Born and brought up in the countryside, he was interested in biology.由于在農(nóng)村出生并長大，他對生物很感興趣。如果過去分詞的邏輯主語和句子主語不一致，必須使用過去分詞的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。2. 動詞have后所接的三種賓語補語：have somebody/something do something 不定式作補語必須省去

9、to, 不定式動作由賓語發(fā)出，表示一次性的動作。如：I had the workers do the job for me. 我讓工人們替我完成了工作。Jim often has his father help him with his homework. 吉姆經(jīng)常讓他的父親幫助做家庭作業(yè)。have somebody /something doing something -ing分詞作補語，分詞動作也由賓語發(fā)出，強調(diào)動作的延續(xù)或正在進行。如：They had the tractor working all the time. 他們讓拖拉機一直工作著。We wont have the child

10、 talking to his mother like that.我們不能讓那孩子那樣對他的媽媽說話。have somebody/something done 過去分詞作補語，賓語和補足語之間有邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，通常有兩種情況：主語讓別人做某事，強調(diào)主語的意志。如：He had his hair cut yesterday. 他昨天理發(fā)了。主語遭到某種不幸或陷入惡劣的環(huán)境，說明賓語的一種無意識的被動行為。如：He had his leg broken in the match last month.他在上星期的比賽中摔斷了腿。3. 非謂語動詞的被動式作定語的三種形式：the bridge to

11、 be built 將要建造的橋 （表示將來的動作）the bridge being built 正在建造的橋 （表示正在進行的動作）the bridge built 造好的橋 （表示完成的動作）4. 過去分詞和ing分詞作表語的區(qū)別：過去分詞作表語通常表示主語所處的狀態(tài)或感受，而-ing分詞作表語多表示主語所具有的特征，如：Hearing the news, we felt very surprised. The news is very surprising. 這個消息很令人驚訝。They were frightened to hear the frightening sound. 他們聽

12、到那可怕的聲音很害怕。At the sight of the moving scene, all the people present were moved to tears.英語中這樣的分詞還有很多，如：amusing, amused; encouraging, encouraged; disappointing, disappointed; exciting, excited; puzzling, puzzled; satisfying, satisfied; worrying, worried; tiring, tired; pleasing, pleased; interesting,

13、 interested; astonishing, astonished等。5. 過去分詞和ing分詞作定語的區(qū)別：過去分詞作定語和-ing分詞作定語有一定的區(qū)別。試比較下面幾組短語：boiled water開水 boiling water正沸騰的水developed countries發(fā)展的國家 developing countries發(fā)展中國家fallen leaves落葉 falling leaves 正在飄落的葉子changed condition改變了的情況 changing condition變化著的情況由此可見，過去分詞作定語通常表示完成的或被動的動作；而-ing分詞作定語可以表

14、示正在進行的主動的動作。6用分詞短語作狀語時，還應(yīng)注意在句子主語和分詞短語之間不能使用并列連詞。如： 誤Not knowing what to do，so she asked her friends for advice 正Not knowing what to do，she asked her friends for advice 7、如果分詞的邏輯主語和主句的主語不是同一個人或物時，就要用從句或獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)代替分詞短語作狀語。如： As it was Sunday，the streets were especially crowded 或：It being Sunday，the stree

15、ts were especially crowded 8、同學(xué)們還要注意某些現(xiàn)在分詞可用來表示說話人對所說的話所持的看法或態(tài)度，它們已變成固定詞組，在句中作獨立成分，與句子主語無關(guān)。這類現(xiàn)在分詞常見的有： generally speaking（一般地說），strictly speaking（嚴格地說），judging from by（從來判斷），talking of（說到），considering（考慮到），supposing（假定）等。如： Generally speaking，it is not easy for a for eigner to learn Chinese well in

16、a short time Considering everything，it wasn't abad holiday 8、分詞作狀語時，它的邏輯主語應(yīng)和句子主語相一致。分詞與主語之間如果是主動關(guān)系，就用現(xiàn)在分詞；如果是被動關(guān)系，則用過去分詞。例如：主動時態(tài)被動時態(tài)一般時態(tài)doing Done（被動的動作）進行時態(tài)doingbeing done（正在進行的被動動作）完成時態(tài)having donedone/having been done（已經(jīng)完成的被動動作）Hearing the good news，we couldn't help jumping with joy（When w

17、e heard the good news，we couldn't help jumping with joy） Seen from the hills，the West Lake is very beautiful（The West Lake is very beautiful when it is seen from the hills）試題選練1. I'm going to have my car .A. to be fixed B. to fix C. fixed D. to fix 2. What's the language in Germany?A. sp

18、eaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak 3. some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.A. Followed B. Followed by C. Being followed D. having been followed by4. He had his leg in the match yesterday.A. to break B. broken C. break D. breaking 5. Most of the people to the party were famous scientist

19、s.A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. inviting 6. more attention, the trees could have grown better.A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given7. The murderer was brought in, with his hands behind his back.A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied8. The computer center, _last year

20、, is very popular among the students in this school.A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened9. in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose10. The Olympic Games, _in 776BC, didn't include women players until 1912.A. first played B. to be

21、 first played C. first playing D. to be first played11. Don't get in the rain.A. to be caught B. catching C. to catch D. caught12. I found a car in a pool by the side of the road.A. to be stuck B. stuck C. sticking D. stick13. -By the way, when did you get your bedroom ? -Last week.A. to paint B

22、. painted C. painting D. to be painted14. The children were found in the cave.A. trapping B. trapped C. to be trapped D. be trapped15. They found a old woman on the ground when the door was broken down.A. dying, lying B. dead, lied C. death, laying D. died, lain16. On a morning the little girl was f

23、ound at the corner of the street.A. freezing, freezing B. freezing, frozen C. frozen, frozen D. frozen, freezing17. No one enjoys fun of in public.A. making B. being made C. to be made D. to make18. Before he came to London, he had never heard a single English word .A. speaking B. spoken C. to be sp

24、oken D. speak19. from space, the earth, with water seventy percent of its surface, looks like a blue ball.A. Seen, covered B. Seen, covering C. Seeing, covering D. Seeing, covered 20. An crowd is awaiting the arrival of the film star.A. excited B. exciting C. excite D. excitedly21The building _ by h

25、im is under construction Ato be designed Bdesigned Cbeing designed Dto have designed 22The man _ us at the airport yesterday is going to speak to us tonight Ameeting Bto meet Cwho met Dto be meeting 23Most of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa Ainvited Bto invite Cbeing invited Dhad b

26、een invited 24The accident _ yesterday was caused by carelessness Ahappened Bhaving happened Cwhich happened Dhappening 25 _from the tallest building，the whole city looks very beautiful ASeeing BSee CSaw DSeen 26.I wont have _ such words to your parents.A. say B. to say C. saying D. said27. My hair is too long, so Id like to have it _.A. cut B. to cut C. cutting D. cutted28.When I returned home , I was surprised to find all the windows of my