PresentPerfectTense講解

1、Present Perfect Tense1 現(xiàn)在完成時的基本用法基本用法： 1）現(xiàn)在完成時表示一件已發(fā)生的事，這事往往與現(xiàn)在的情況有聯(lián)系： Ive lost my key. 我的鑰匙丟了。（因此無法進屋） Shes gone to town. 她進城去了。（現(xiàn)在在城里） Ive got a letter from my aunt. 我收到姨母的一封信。（因 此知道她的近況） The lift has broken down. 電梯壞了.（因此我們得爬樓梯） Peter has had a bad car crash. 彼得除了嚴(yán)重車禍。（可能送醫(yī)院了） Ive washed my car.

2、我洗過車了。（因此很干凈） He hasnt come back yet. 他還沒回來。（我們還在等他） - Have you had your supper yet? (你吃飯了嗎？) - Yes, I have. 吃過了（不餓了） 2）常與常與just, already, yet, still, recently, lately (最最近近), over 這類副詞連用：這類副詞連用： Hes just left. 他剛走。 - Has he phoned you yet? (他給你打電話了嗎？) - No, not yet. (還沒有) Jane has rung me up three

3、times this morning already. 簡今天早上已給我打過三次電話。 Have you ever talked to him about it? 你曾和他談過這事嗎？ Have you seen Lewes recently? 你最近見到過路易斯 嗎？ He still hasnt finished his work. 他的工作還沒干完。 There have been some changes lately. 近來有些變化。3）也可和表示也可和表示從過去某時到現(xiàn)在這段時間從過去某時到現(xiàn)在這段時間的狀語連用：的狀語連用： I havent seen him today. 今天

4、我沒見過他。 How many letters have you received this week? 這星期你收到多少封信？ They have turned out over 1,000 cars this month. 這個月他們生產(chǎn)了一千多輛汽車。 He has made several trips to Paris this year. 今年他去過幾趟巴黎。 So far he has done very well at school. 到現(xiàn)在為止他在學(xué)校表現(xiàn)很好。 Up to / till now, the work has been easy. 到現(xiàn)在為止，這工作還算容易。 I

5、ve seen little of her in the past ( last) few years. 過去幾年中我很少見到她。 注意注意： in the last/past + time 用于現(xiàn)在完成時用于現(xiàn)在完成時4）還常和還常和for及及since 引導(dǎo)的狀語或與引導(dǎo)的狀語或與how long 連用：連用： I havent seen you for ages. 我好久沒見到你了。 He hasnt cleaned his room for months. 他有好幾個月沒打掃這房間了。 Weve lived here for over ten years. 我們在這里住了十多年了。 H

6、e has worn glasses since his childhood. 他從小就戴眼鏡。 Has he written since he left home? 他離家之后來過信嗎？ How long have you known her? 你認(rèn)識她多久了？ 5）也常常單獨使用不需任何狀語：也常常單獨使用不需任何狀語： She has found a new job. 她找到了一份新工作。 Weve sent some people to help them. 我們已派了幾個人去幫助他們。 Im sorry. Ive broken your cup. 對不起，我把你的杯子打破了。 Who

7、 has taken my dictionary away? 誰把我的字典拿走了？ 6）這個時態(tài)還可表示這個時態(tài)還可表示持續(xù)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)，要使用到現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)，要使用持續(xù)性動詞持續(xù)性動詞： How long has he been ill? 他病了多久了？ The strike has continued for several weeks. 罷工已持續(xù)了幾個星期。 He has lived here all his life. 他一輩子都住在這里。 Weve been good friends since we were children. 我們從小就要好。2 現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時與與一般

8、過去時的一般過去時的比較比較 1）兩個時態(tài)都談已發(fā)生的事，兩個時態(tài)都談已發(fā)生的事，差別在于差別在于現(xiàn)在完成時表示的現(xiàn)在完成時表示的動作與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系，或是對現(xiàn)在有影響，或談從過去到現(xiàn)動作與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系，或是對現(xiàn)在有影響，或談從過去到現(xiàn)在這一段時間里發(fā)生的事；一般過去時單純談過去的事，在這一段時間里發(fā)生的事；一般過去時單純談過去的事，與現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系。與現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系。注意：注意：1）when，what time常用于一般過去時，問具體常用于一般過去時，問具體的過去時間，不能用在現(xiàn)在完成時：的過去時間，不能用在現(xiàn)在完成時：2）有些動作（顯然是過去的動作），盡管沒有時）有些動作（顯然是過去的動作），盡管沒

9、有時間狀語，仍用過去時：間狀語，仍用過去時： Extra: Who washed the car? Who has washed the car? I read the story before. I have read the story.注意：注意：1）when，what time常用于一般過去時，問具體的過去時間，不能用在現(xiàn)在完成時： - When did you get back? - I got back last week. - How long have you been back? - Ive been back for a week. 2）有些動作(顯然是過去的動作)，盡管沒

10、有時間狀語，仍用過去時： Did you know that she was going to get married? 你知道她要結(jié)婚了嗎？ I didnt know you were in London too. 我不知道你也在倫敦。 Why did you buy this? 你為什么買這個？ Did you see anything interesting at the exhibition? 在展覽會上你看到什么有趣的東西嗎？ How did you like the show? 你覺得演出如何？ 3 有關(guān)現(xiàn)在完成時需有關(guān)現(xiàn)在完成時需注意的幾個問題注意的幾個問題1）have gone

11、 to 表示表示“到某地去了，人不在這里到某地去了，人不在這里” have been to 表示表示“到（來）過某地到（來）過某地” 2）由由since引導(dǎo)的從句一般用過去時（主句用現(xiàn)在完成時）引導(dǎo)的從句一般用過去時（主句用現(xiàn)在完成時） 3）現(xiàn)在完成時特殊句型現(xiàn)在完成時特殊句型： It is / It has been + time + since 過去時過去時. 表示表示“某人做某事有多少時間某人做某事有多少時間”4）和最高級、和最高級、time(次數(shù)次數(shù))一道用的情況：一道用的情況： This is the best tea I have ever drunk. 這是我喝過的最好的茶。 T

12、his (It) is the first time I have seen a panda. 這是我首次看到大熊貓。5）對對“瞬間瞬間動詞動詞”和和“持續(xù)持續(xù)性動詞性動詞”的考慮：的考慮： die, buy, borrow, leave, arrive, begin/start, join, get married, fall ill, catch a cold 等。 (1)die have been dead The old man died two years ago. The old man has been dead for two years / since two years a

13、go. (2)buy have had I bought the house ten years ago. I have had the house for ten years / since ten years ago. (3)borrow have kept I borrowed the book two weeks ago. I have kept the book for two weeks / since two weeks ago. (4)leave have been away I left the house an hour ago. I have been away from

14、 home for an hour / since an hour ago. (5)arrive have been I arrived 5 minutes ago. I have been here for 5 minutes / since 5 minutes ago. (6)begin / start have been on The movie began ten minutes ago. The movie has been on for ten minutes / since ten minutes ago. (7)join have been in My brother joined the army two years ago. My brother has been in the army for two years / since two years ago. (8)get married /marry have been married My parents got married thirty years ago. My parents have been married for thirty