定語從句學習難點例析

1、定語從句學習難點例析宜城一中英語組 陳春香一、如何選用關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞？     1. The city that/ which lies in the center of Hubei Province has a large population.(作主語，指物)The city (that/ which )you described to me yesterday has a large population. (作賓語，可省略，指物)    The city where/in

2、which I was brought up has a large population. (作地點狀語)The city whose population is the largest in China lies in the east. (作定語，指某物的)2. Ive forgotten the exact day when/ on which he gave me the film copy. (作時間狀語)   Ive forgotten the exact day( that/ which) 

3、;he fixed for me to have the operation. (作賓語，可省略，指物）3. The reason( that/ which) he gave us was hard to accept. (作賓語，可省略，指物）    The reason why he was late for school is that he missed the early bus. (作原因狀語)選用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞，不僅僅要看先行詞表示什么意義，更重要的是一定要看先行詞在后面的定語從句中充當什么成份。若作主語

4、、賓語、表語就用關(guān)系代詞（that, which, who, whom ,whose, as)。若作時間、地點、原因狀語就用關(guān)系副詞(when, where, why)。二、關(guān)系代詞that引導定語從句時的“六用，三不用”原則1. 六用原則（1）先行詞為everything, anything, nothing, something, all, few, little, much等或先行詞被all, every, any, no, little, much修飾時。All that can be done has been done.You can take any book that

5、 you like.（2）先行詞為形容詞最高級或先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時。This is the best book that I have ever read.（3）先行詞為序數(shù)詞或先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時。This is the first time that I have heard of it.The last place that we visited was the Great Wall.（4）先行詞被the only, the very, the right等修飾時。This is the very watch that I lost the other day.注意:以上（2）（

6、3）（4）若先行詞指人，也可用who, whom,但常用that. You are the only person that/ who can help me.（5）先行詞包括人和物兩者時。They talked about the persons and the things that they remembered in the school.（6）當主句是以who或which開頭的特殊疑問句時。Who is the person that is standing at the gate?Which of us that knows something about physics

7、 does not know this?2. 三不用原則（1）先行詞是-one或-body構(gòu)成的復合不定代詞時，不能用that,而用who或whom.Is there anybody else who should be invited?（2）關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時，不能用that, 而用which或whom.Here is the car about which I told you.Who is the man with whom you just shook hands?（3）在非限制性定語從句中，不能用that.I have lost my pen, which I l

8、ike very much.I have two sisters, who are both high school students.三、需要弄清楚的幾個問題1. 有無并列連詞影響句子的結(jié)構(gòu)He has two sons, both of whom are college students.He has two sons, and both of them are college students.2. 有無定冠詞影響定語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)Is this the boy（ that/ whom/ who） you wan

9、t to talk to?Is this boy  the one  you want to talk to?3. 標點符號的形式也影響句子的結(jié)構(gòu)Entering the room, I found a note on the table, which read, “Ive left for Harbin.”Entering the room, I found a note on the table. It read, " Ive left for Harbin.”4. 強調(diào)句還是定語從句？It

10、 was in the museum ( that / which ) we visited yesterday that I got to know the famous person.Where did you find your wallet?It was in the cinema where I saw the film ( that I found my wallet ).It was on September 11, 2001 that the World Trade Center in New York was att

11、acked.（強調(diào)句）It was in Wuhan that Jill met the three- year-old girl and adopted her. （強調(diào)句）簡單的判斷方法：利用強調(diào)句的還原性，即去掉it was/isthat 之后剩余部分依然是一個完整的句子，則是強調(diào)句。5. 主語從句還是定語從句？Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.(主語從句)Anyone who leaves the room last ought to turn off t

12、he lights.（定語從句）Those who leave the room last ought to turn off the lights.（定語從句）6. 同位語從句還是定語從句？Galileo collected the fact  that / which proved the earth and all the other planets move around the sun.(定語從句)Galileo discovered the fact  that the earth and all the oth

13、er planets move around the sun.(同位語從句)簡單的辨別方法：看that在后面的從句中是否充當成份。若充當主語、賓語或表語，就是定語從句；若不充當任何成份，無意義，就是同位語從句。7. 結(jié)果狀語從句還是定語從句？He gave us so easy a problem as everyone could work out.(定語從句)He gave us so easy a problem that everyone could work it out.（狀語從句）He gave us such

14、 an easy problem that everyone could work it out.(狀語從句)簡單的辨別方法如上。8. 關(guān)系代詞as引導的限制性定語從句I want to buy such an electronic dictionary as you bought last week.(作賓語)They do the same work as we (do).（作賓語）I received as nice a gift as my mother p

15、romised.(作賓語)I have never seen such kind of people as they are. (作表語)I can read as many pages as are required. (作主語)9. 關(guān)系代詞as, 作“正如”講，引導非限制性定語從句，可放句首或句末，指代上文或下文的整個句子，從句的謂語動詞多是see, know, expect, say, mention, report, announce等。As is reported, tal

16、ks between the two countries are making progress.A big earthquake occurred in Xinjiang last night, as was reported on TV.注意區(qū)別：It is reported that talks between the two countries are making progress.又如：as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as is often the case, as might be imag

17、ined, as might be expected(預料), as has been pointed out, as has been said before/ above; as (it) often happens.注意： as在句中作主語時，常用被動式；而which在從句中作主語時，常用主動式。which引導非限制性定語從句，放在主句之后，代指上文的事，常譯作“這一點，這，那，其，之”等。Nelson Mandela was generous with his time, for which I was grateful.He passed the college-

18、entrance exam, which made his parents very happy.10.兩個定語從句 the samethat 與the same as有何區(qū)別？This is the same key that (同一個.) I lost yesterday. Thanks a lot.This is the same key as(類似的.) I lost yesterday. Thank you all the same.11. 當先行詞是the way

19、 時,若在定語從句中作主語，賓語，表語就用關(guān)系代詞that / which.若作方式狀語就用that / in which / - 三種方式。This is the only way( that ) you can use to solve the problem.（作賓語）I dont like the way that / in which / -  you speak to me.（作方式狀語）12. whose與which和whom的轉(zhuǎn)換. whose指某人的時可以解釋為the+ n+ of whom。whose指某物的,可以

20、解釋為 the+ n.+ of which或者 of which +the +n.請看以下例句：He still lives in the room whose door faces to the east.He still lives in the room, of which the door / the door of which faces to the east.13. 關(guān)系副詞與介詞+which的轉(zhuǎn)換As you know, July 28th is the day on which / wh

21、en the Tangshan earthquake happened.The USA is a large country in which / where many different dialects are spoken.The reason for which / why he turned down the invitation to the party is not clear.I shall never forget those years during which / when we worked together.

22、注意：在介詞之后只能使用關(guān)系代詞which（指事物）或者whom（指人），一定不能使用that和who.14. 表示抽象地點的名詞作先行詞時，常用關(guān)系副詞where, 如case, point, situation, position, stage, scene，spot, condition, circumstances，instances等.Now you can see weve come to the point where a change is badly needed.Teaching is a job where yo

23、u are doing something serious but interesting.時間. (09.北京)Life is like a long race where we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.15. 當先行詞是time, occasion, age, generation, period等詞時，常用關(guān)系副詞when.     This was a  time when the two countries were at  

24、;war.I can remember very few occasions when he had to cancel because of ill health.     Occasions are quite rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids. (08.山東)We are living in an age when the internet makes it very convenient for us to get any information we want.16. 定語從句中的主謂一致Tom is the only one of the boys who has