人教版高中英語(yǔ)必修四 Unit1 Period 6 Grammar(主謂語(yǔ)一致)

1、Period 6Agreement between Subject and Verb(主謂語(yǔ)一致主謂語(yǔ)一致)概念：概念： 所謂主謂一致是指主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所謂主謂一致是指主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間之間,即主語(yǔ)的人稱和單復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定著即主語(yǔ)的人稱和單復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定著謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞對(duì)應(yīng)的形式。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞對(duì)應(yīng)的形式。用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. I _ a teacher. (be)2. He _ good at swimming. (be)3. You _ late for school again.(be) 4. They _ many new books. (have)5. She _ two s

2、isters.(have)amisarehavehas根據(jù)主語(yǔ)決定與其一致的單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)的謂語(yǔ)。根據(jù)主語(yǔ)決定與其一致的單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)的謂語(yǔ)。主謂一致主要有以下幾種情況：主謂一致主要有以下幾種情況：1. and連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上單數(shù)名詞或者代詞作主語(yǔ)的連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上單數(shù)名詞或者代詞作主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候時(shí)候,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有以下兩種情況：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有以下兩種情況：(1) He and I _both students of this school. 我和他都是這個(gè)學(xué)校的學(xué)生。我和他都是這個(gè)學(xué)校的學(xué)生。如果指兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上不同的人或事物的時(shí)候如果指兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上不同的人或事物的時(shí)候,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。詞用復(fù)數(shù)。語(yǔ)

3、法一致原則語(yǔ)法一致原則(2) 但如果連接兩個(gè)以上的名詞指的是但如果連接兩個(gè)以上的名詞指的是同一個(gè)人或物同一個(gè)人或物, 或者指或者指同一概念同一概念的時(shí)候的時(shí)候, 謂語(yǔ)要用謂語(yǔ)要用單數(shù)單數(shù)。 The singer and dancer_ going to give us a performance. 那個(gè)歌唱家兼舞蹈演員要給我們表演。那個(gè)歌唱家兼舞蹈演員要給我們表演。 The knife and fork _on the table. 刀叉在桌子上。刀叉在桌子上。 isis2. 如果主語(yǔ)是如果主語(yǔ)是不定式不定式, 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞ing形式或主語(yǔ)從句形式或主語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)候的時(shí)候,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用

4、單數(shù)。What he is doing seems very important. 他正在做的事情看起來很重要。他正在做的事情看起來很重要。 Collecting stamps is his hobby. 收集郵票是他的愛好。收集郵票是他的愛好。3. 定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞who, which, that在從句中作在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，要與先行詞的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。主語(yǔ)時(shí)，要與先行詞的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。 Those who enjoy singing may join us. Tom, who is your friend, should help you.4. with, alon

5、g with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except, but, including 如果句子中有這些連接詞和主語(yǔ)連用如果句子中有這些連接詞和主語(yǔ)連用,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)隨主語(yǔ)的變化而變化。詞的數(shù)隨主語(yǔ)的變化而變化。The teacher, together with his students, is planting trees in the street. 老師和他的學(xué)生老師和他的學(xué)生們正在街道上植樹。們正在街道上植樹。either . or; neither . nor; not only . but also

6、, whether.or在句子中連接主語(yǔ)的時(shí)在句子中連接主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候或者在候或者在there be句型中句型中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要和就謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要和就近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。就近一致原則就近一致原則Neither you nor I am wrong. There is a cup of tea and some apples on the table.Not only the students but also the teacher wishes for a holiday. 2. Here, There 等開頭的倒裝句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)等開頭的倒裝句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與靠近它的主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上一致。詞與靠近

7、它的主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上一致。1) There _ three chairs, a desk and a computer in the room. (is / are )2)There _ a desk, a table and three chairs in the room. (is / are )areis Here comes the bus. There is a lamp, two pens and some books on the desk.意義一致原則意義一致原則 所謂意義一致原則是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和所謂意義一致原則是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)一致不是取決于主語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法形式主語(yǔ)一致不是取決于主語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法

8、形式, 而是其實(shí)際意義。有的做主語(yǔ)的名詞在而是其實(shí)際意義。有的做主語(yǔ)的名詞在形式上是單數(shù)形式上是單數(shù), 但在意義上卻是復(fù)數(shù)；但在意義上卻是復(fù)數(shù)；有的主語(yǔ)名詞在形式上是復(fù)數(shù)有的主語(yǔ)名詞在形式上是復(fù)數(shù), 但在意但在意義上卻是單數(shù)。義上卻是單數(shù)。1. 不定代詞不定代詞all, more, some, any, none作主語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞視情況而定。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞視情況而定。All of the apples _rotten. 所有的蘋果都爛了。所有的蘋果都爛了。All of the apple _rotten. 整個(gè)蘋果都爛了。整個(gè)蘋果都爛了。 不定代詞不定代詞all, more, some, any

9、, none作主語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞視情況而定。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞視情況而定。 are isNone of the money_ left. 沒有剩下一點(diǎn)錢。沒有剩下一點(diǎn)錢。None of the students _ there. 沒有學(xué)生在那里。沒有學(xué)生在那里。 is is2. the rest of; half of; part of; majority of; percent of; one third of在句子中加名詞作主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候在句子中加名詞作主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候,謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞與of后面的名詞保持一致。后面的名詞保持一致。Half of the students _finished theirc

10、omposition. 一半的學(xué)生已經(jīng)完成了他們的作文。一半的學(xué)生已經(jīng)完成了他們的作文。Half of the apple _bad. 一半的蘋果壞了。一半的蘋果壞了。About 60 percent of the students in ourschool _(be) boys. 我們學(xué)校我們學(xué)校, 大約百分之六十的學(xué)生是男生大約百分之六十的學(xué)生是男生.haveisare3.集體名詞如集體名詞如: group, class, company, government, family, army, enemy, team, public, crowd, audience等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果強(qiáng)等作主語(yǔ)

11、時(shí)，如果強(qiáng)調(diào)調(diào)整體整體，謂語(yǔ)用，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)單數(shù)，如果強(qiáng)調(diào)，如果強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體（其中個(gè)體（其中的各個(gè)成員）的各個(gè)成員）就用就用復(fù)數(shù)。復(fù)數(shù)。His family _going out. 他們?nèi)乙獬?。他們?nèi)乙獬觥is family _all music lovers. 他們?nèi)胰硕际且魳窅酆谜?。他們?nèi)胰硕际且魳窅酆谜?。is are 4. 某些名詞如某些名詞如people, police, cattle等等,形式上是形式上是單數(shù)單數(shù), 但意義上是復(fù)數(shù)但意義上是復(fù)數(shù), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。people指指“民族民族”時(shí)是例外。時(shí)是例外。 The police are searchi

12、ng for a thief. The cattle are eating grass on the hill.5. 復(fù)合不定代詞復(fù)合不定代詞作主語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)單數(shù)，如如someone ,somebody, something, anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing。Someone is asking for you. 有人找你。有人找你。Nothing is found in the room. 在屋子里什么也沒找到。在屋子里什么也沒找到

13、。6. 某些名詞如某些名詞如clothes, trousers, shoes, glasses等等, 通常只用其復(fù)數(shù)形式通常只用其復(fù)數(shù)形式, 但當(dāng)它但當(dāng)它們們被被a pair of 修飾修飾時(shí)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)單數(shù)。 The pair of shoes is Lucys. My shoes are worn out. 某些名詞以某些名詞以s結(jié)尾如結(jié)尾如maths, politics, physics, news, plastics 等，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用等，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)單數(shù)。 Physics is a very interesting subject. 8. every. and e

14、very .; each . and each .; no . and no . 在以上短語(yǔ)中在以上短語(yǔ)中and連接的單連接的單數(shù)名詞數(shù)名詞, 整個(gè)短語(yǔ)在句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)整個(gè)短語(yǔ)在句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常使用詞常使用單數(shù)單數(shù)。Every boy and every girl in the class is diligent. 班級(jí)中的每個(gè)男孩女孩都很用功。班級(jí)中的每個(gè)男孩女孩都很用功。No sound and no voice is heard. 聽不到任何聲音。聽不到任何聲音。9. 以以a number of 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù); 以以the number

15、of 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)單數(shù)。 A number of new books are on the desk. The number of students in our class is 65.10. 有些名詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式一樣有些名詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式一樣, 作主語(yǔ)的作主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候時(shí)候, 其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由上下文決定其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由上下文決定, 這一類名這一類名詞有詞有: means, works, deer, fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese等。等。 Every possible means has been tried. All possible

16、 means have been tried. 11. “分?jǐn)?shù)分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)百分?jǐn)?shù)/the majority of+名詞名詞”構(gòu)成構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)以及由的短語(yǔ)以及由“ a lot of, lots of, plenty of, half of + 名詞名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其謂其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞取決于取決于of 后面的名詞后面的名詞的數(shù)。的數(shù)。Lots of damage was caused by fire.One third of the country is covered with trees and the majority of the citizens are bla

17、ck people.12. “a quantity/amount of+名詞名詞”和和“quantities /amounts of+名詞名詞”做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)，做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)，根根據(jù)據(jù) quantity 和和 amount 的形式而定的形式而定。即，即，“a (large) quantity/amount of +名詞名詞”作主作主語(yǔ)語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)單數(shù)?！皅uantities of +名詞名詞”作主作主語(yǔ)語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)。Quantities of food (nuts) were on the table.A large quantity o

18、f people is needed here.13. “the + 形容詞形容詞(或過去分詞或過去分詞)”做主語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ),表示表示“一類人一類人”，謂語(yǔ)通常用，謂語(yǔ)通常用復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù);表示抽象事物表示抽象事物時(shí)用時(shí)用單數(shù)單數(shù)。這類詞有。這類詞有: the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the injured, the wounded等。等。The blind study in special school.The beautiful is not always the useful.14. ma

19、ny a, more than one, one and a half與單與單數(shù)名詞組成的短語(yǔ)數(shù)名詞組成的短語(yǔ), 謂語(yǔ)用謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)單數(shù)。 Many a boy has seen it. More than one student has been to the Great Wall.15. 書刊名、時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格、度量衡等的書刊名、時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格、度量衡等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)單數(shù)。 Thirty years is a long time. Roots is a famous American novel.注意：注意：以上名詞在強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)目時(shí)以上名詞

20、在強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)目時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)。Fifty years have passed since they got married.高考鏈接高考鏈接1. The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _ rising steadily since1990. (09山東山東25)A. is B. are C. has been D. have been C【解析解析】本題考查主謂一致和時(shí)態(tài)，主語(yǔ)是本題考查主謂一致和時(shí)態(tài)，主語(yǔ)是 the number故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，又故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，又因時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是因時(shí)間狀

21、語(yǔ)是since 1997所以用完成所以用完成時(shí)態(tài)。時(shí)態(tài)。答案答案 C 。2. Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, visit Beijing this summer. (09陜西陜西7) is going to B. are going to C. was going to D. were going toA【解析解析】主語(yǔ)中心詞是主語(yǔ)中心詞是Dr. Smith，表單數(shù)，表單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是this summer，表計(jì)劃性的將來，故時(shí)態(tài)用，表計(jì)劃性的將來，故時(shí)態(tài)用一般將來時(shí)，選一般將來

22、時(shí)，選A。3. Did you go to the show last night?Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area invited. (08陜西陜西15)A. were B. have been C. has beenD. wasD【解析解析】主語(yǔ)是主語(yǔ)是every boy and girl，表示單數(shù)，表示單數(shù)概念，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，且詢問昨概念，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，且詢問昨晚的情況，有明確的過去時(shí)間，所以晚的情況，有明確的過去時(shí)間，所以應(yīng)選擇應(yīng)選擇was。答案答案 D。4. A survey of the opinions of expertsthat

23、 three hours of outdoor exercise a week good for ones health. (07江西江西25) A. show; areB. shows; is C. show; isD. shows; areB【解析解析】由由a survey可知第一個(gè)空用可知第一個(gè)空用shows，首先排除首先排除A、C兩項(xiàng)；第二個(gè)空前的兩項(xiàng)；第二個(gè)空前的時(shí)間時(shí)間three hours of outdoor exercise a week表示抽象概念，看作單數(shù)，故其表示抽象概念，看作單數(shù)，故其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。答案答案 B。5. We live day

24、by day，but in the great things，the time of days and weeksso small that a day is unimportant. (07湖南湖南30)A. is B. are C. has beenD. have beenA【解析解析】句意為句意為:幾天和幾周的時(shí)間是幾天和幾周的時(shí)間是如此的渺小，以致于一天根本微不足道。本如此的渺小，以致于一天根本微不足道。本句用來陳述事實(shí)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)；空白處句用來陳述事實(shí)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)；空白處所在句子的主語(yǔ)是所在句子的主語(yǔ)是the time，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。單數(shù)形式。6. As

25、 a result of the serious flood，two-thirds of the buildings in the area. (07陜西陜西9) need repairingB. needs to repairC. needs repairingD. need to repairA【解析解析】分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)修飾名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)修飾名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于名詞，此處的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于名詞，此處two-thirds修飾修飾buildings，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞取決于名詞復(fù)數(shù)，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞取決于名詞復(fù)數(shù)buildings ，排除，排除B、C兩項(xiàng)，兩項(xiàng)，need doing=need

26、to be done意為意為“需要被做需要被做”。7. A poet and artistcoming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon. (06江蘇江蘇34)A. isB. areC. wasD. wereA【解析解析】此題考查主謂一致的用法。由時(shí)此題考查主謂一致的用法。由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)間狀語(yǔ)“tomorrow afternoon”判斷，此處判斷，此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來，故排除應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來，故排除C、D兩項(xiàng)。兩項(xiàng)?！癮 poet and artist”指一位詩(shī)人兼畫家，指一位詩(shī)人

27、兼畫家，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，故選謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，故選A項(xiàng)。項(xiàng)。8. With more forests being destroyed，huge quantities of good eartheach year. (05山山東東25) A. is washing away B. is being washed away C. are washing away D. are being washed awayD【解析解析】句意為：隨著更多森林被毀，每句意為：隨著更多森林被毀，每年有許多良田被沖走。年有許多良田被沖走。quantities of后既可后既可接不可數(shù)名詞，也可接可數(shù)名詞，其謂語(yǔ)接不可數(shù)

28、名詞，也可接可數(shù)名詞，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，故選動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，故選D項(xiàng)。項(xiàng)。9. The teacher，with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class，visiting a museum when the earthquake struck. (04北京北京28)A.wasB.were C.had been D.would beA【解析解析】 The teacher是句子的主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)是句子的主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。6 girls and 8 boys of her class作介詞作介詞with的賓語(yǔ)。的賓語(yǔ)。10. No one in the department but Tom and I that the director is going to resign.(04上海春上海春30)A. knows B. knowC. have known D. am