小升初英語專項指導(dǎo)-非限定動詞_通用版

1、.小升初英語非限定動詞非限定動詞如今分詞的時態(tài)過去分詞沒有時態(tài)形式的變化，所以這里只講如今分詞的時態(tài)形式。1如今分詞的時態(tài)形式一般式writing完成式having written2如今分詞一般式其所表示的動作與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生，或在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前或后發(fā)生。如：Working together with Dr. Bethune，we learnt a lot from him.我們在和白求恩大夫一起工作期間，向他學(xué)到很多東西。working與leamt同時發(fā)生Knowing that they were going abroad next week ，they began

2、 to make preparations.他們知道他們下星期要出國，所以都開場作準(zhǔn)備。knowing發(fā)生在began之前He came up to me，sayingGlad to see you again.他來到我跟前說道，很快樂又見到你。saying發(fā)生在came之后3如今分詞完成式其所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前，常常用作狀語，表示時間或原因。如：Having done his homework，the schoolboy began to write his diary.這個小學(xué)生做完作業(yè)后，開場寫日記。having done his homework發(fā)生在began之

3、前，表示時間。Not haying done it right, I tried again.沒有做對，我就又試。not having done發(fā)生在 tried之前，表示原因。如今分詞的被動語態(tài)一般式being written完成式haring been written如：This is one of the many dams being built the river.這是沿河修筑的許多水壩之一。Being surrounded，the enemy troops were forced to surrender.敵軍被包圍了，被迫投降。Having been asked to stay，

4、I couldnt very well leave.人家請我留下，我就不好分開了。獨立構(gòu)造absolute construction分詞短語所表示的動作在邏輯上有主語，這種主語皆可在同一句中找到。如：The young woman standing over there is our new English teacher.站在那邊的年輕婦女是我們新的英語老師。分詞短語standing over there的邏輯主語是 the young womanHaving finished his work，he went out to play volleyball.他做完工作后，出去打排球。havi

5、ng finished his work的邏輯主語是he但有時分詞短語有它自己的獨立的主語，這種主語常常是名詞或代詞主格，放在分詞短語之前，這種構(gòu)造叫做獨立構(gòu)造。獨立構(gòu)造常用作狀語，多用在書面語中。如：The dark clouds having dispersed，the sun shone again.烏云已散去，太陽又普照大地了。時間狀語We shall thresh the wheat，weather permitting.天氣好的話，我們就打麥。條件狀語Their room was on the first floor，its broad window overlooking the

6、 park.他們的房間在二層樓上，房間里的寬大的窗戶俯視著公園。伴隨情況狀語，the first floor在英國指第二層樓，在美國指第一層，其余可類推。We redoubled our efforts，each man working like two.我們加倍努力工作，一人干兩人的活。方式Almost all metals are good conductors，silver being the best of all.幾乎所有的金屬都是良導(dǎo)體，銀是最好的導(dǎo)體。伴隨情況The meeting over，we all left the room.會議完畢以后，我們就都分開了房間。時間狀語，注

7、意over之前省去了beingThis done，we went home.做完此事，我們就回家了。時間狀語She gazed，her hands clasped to her breast.她雙手*在胸前凝視著。注一有的分詞短語可以獨立存在，在句中沒有邏輯上的主語。它們往往已經(jīng)變成習(xí)慣用語，必須熟記。如：Generally speaking，this book is not very difficult.總的說來，這本書并不很難。Judging from what you say，he has done a very good job.從你的話看來，他的工作做得很不錯。Considering

8、 that he has been in china for only a year，he speaks Chinese well.考慮到他到中國才一年，他的中國話講得很不錯了。類似的習(xí)慣用語尚有talking of 談起，speaking of 談到等引導(dǎo)的分詞短語。注二英語里還有一種較口語化的with + 名詞或代詞賓格 + 分詞 或形容詞、介詞短語構(gòu)造，也往往作狀語用，表示伴隨情況。如：He fell asleep with the lamp burning. 他沒有熄燈就睡著了。She gazed with her hands clasped to her breast.她雙手*在胸前凝視著。上述構(gòu)造中的分詞亦可用形容詞或介詞短語代替。如：He sleeps with the windows