不定式用法歸納

1、 不定式用法歸納 Mar 5, 2011主要用法：1) 主語2) 表語 3) 賓語 4) 賓補 5) 定語6) 狀語7) 疑問詞 + 不定式8) 不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)9) 不定式主動表被動10) it指代不定式11) 不定式時態(tài)12) 不定式的省略一. 做主語 To see is to believe. It feels good to be out here for a walk.二. 作表語 To see is to believe. My wish is to live peacefully.三. 做賓語I want to make a call.He managed to pass the

2、driving test.區(qū)別： try to do / doing 努力做 / 嘗試做 stop to do / doing 停下一件事去做另一件事 / 停下正在做的事 remember (forget, regret) to do / doing 沒有做用to do; 做過了用doing mean to do / doing 打算做 / 意味著 go on to do / doing 接著做另一件事 / 繼續(xù)做同一件事四. 做賓補 感官動詞 / 使役動詞 + 賓語 + do （這里免to 的不定式作賓補） 常用的感官動詞：see, hear, feel 常用的使役動詞：have, letT

3、hey knew her very well. They had seen her grow up from childhood. As youve never been here before, Ill have someone show you the way. (90上海）The mother felt herself grow cold and her hands trembled as she read the letter from the battlefield. (2006上海)五. 作定語 用法1：不定式和被修飾詞之間有動賓關(guān)系。 I dont have a pen to w

4、rite with. There is nothing to worry about. Ive found a house to live in. He gave me a chair to sit on. I lit a candle to read by.用法2：將要發(fā)生In the few weeks to come, well have more activities like this.In the classes to follow, hell teach us more grammar.The Chinese people are proud of the Olympic Gam

5、es to be held in Beijing.用法3：介詞 + which / whom + to do The poor man has no house in which he can live. = The poor man has no house in which to live.I want some money with which I can buy a book. = I want some money with which to buy a book.用法4: 序數(shù)詞后用不定式。She is always the first to get to school.He is

6、 always the last to leave the classroom.高考 The last one_ pays the meal. Agreed! Aarrived Barrives Cto arrive Darriving ( C )六. 做狀語 (一) 目的狀語 To realize my dream, I must work hard. To sleep late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm. (2001春) 區(qū)別：to, in order to, so as to(二) 結(jié)果狀語 He hurried to the st

7、ation, only to find that the train had gone. He hurried to the booking office, only to be told that the tickets had been sold out.結(jié)論：only to do 常用于結(jié)果狀語，表示不太好的結(jié)果。such as to / so as to 如此以致He is such a foolish man as to believe his wife.He is so foolish as to believe his wife.(三) 原因狀語 Im too happy to

8、meet you. You were silly not to have locked your car. (2004湖南) We are proud to be young people of China.(四) 主+ be + adj. + to do 本結(jié)構(gòu)常用的形容詞：easy, hard, comfortable, heavy, fit, pleasant, good Your question is hard to answer. My classmates are easy to get along with.The house is comfortable to live in

9、. The big desk is too heavy to move.The head teacher is pleasant to work with. The mushroom is good to eat. The river is dangerous to bathe in.結(jié)論：本結(jié)構(gòu)中“to do” 和主語在邏輯上有動賓關(guān)系。七. 疑問詞 + 不定式 I dont know what to do. I dont know how to answer the question. How to divide the money will be discussed at the mee

10、ting. 結(jié)論：“疑問詞 + 不定式”所構(gòu)成的短語做主語,賓語等。開闊眼界：Ive worked with children before, so I know what to expect in my new job. (2000)The mother didnt know who to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out. (2002)Its said that in Australia there is more land than the government knows what to do wit

11、h it. (2002)八. 不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) It is + adj. + for sb to do easy, hard, difficult, necessary此結(jié)構(gòu)用說明事情的形容詞。 Its hard for him to fulfill the task. It is + adj. + of sb to do kind, silly, polite, unwise此結(jié)構(gòu)用說明人的形容詞。 Its very kind of you to have helped me.九. 主動表被動 用主動形式表被動含義。 Im to blame. 我該受責備。（to blame 表示被責備） Th

12、is house is to let. 此房出租。（to let指被出租）十. 有it做形式主語或形式賓語 Its kind of you to help us. (it 做形式主語) It feels good to be out here for a walk. (it 做形式主語) I find it hard to please everyone. (it 做形式賓語)I think it my duty to do my work well. (it 做形式賓語) I feel it impossible to be happy every day. (it 做形式賓語)十一. 不定

13、式時態(tài)一) 一般式: to do ( 主動 ) / to be done ( 被動 )1. 表示現(xiàn)在 Im glad to see you. No one hopes to be punished.2. 表將來 Remember to lock the door when you leave. She was sent abroad to be educated.(二) 完成式: to have done (主動) / to have been done (被動); 表示過去或完成。 He is said to have studied abroad, but I dont know whic

14、h country he studied in.(過去) The book is said to have been translated into English. (完成)(三) 進行式 to be doing He pretends to be listening carefully. He happened to be watering his garden when I got there.十二. 不定式的省略 不定式的省略：省略to 后的內(nèi)容。 -will you join me in a walk? - Ill be glad to.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to.常見：have t